造血器官及血液疾病

032239深圳市中小学生贫血状况及影响因素分析/王廷哲…//华南预防医学一2002,28(4)一44一45 采用分层整群抽样的方法.抽取深圳市中小学生3314人进行血红蛋白测量,并以问卷调查的方法进行贫血影响因素的分析。显示1998一2000年深圳市中小学生的贫血率平均为10.。%,各年平均贫血率呈逐年下降趋势;小学生贫血率高干中学生。贫血的影响因素主要有常住或暂住户口、重点学校或普通学校、母亲的文化程度、是否吃早餐等。表3参4(张家栋) 032240 191例住院儿童贫血病因分析/蓝淑玲…//中国小儿血液一2002,7(4)一176一179 住院儿童贫血发病率达20.26%…     

炎症性肠病患儿维持治疗期延迟使用英夫利昔单抗3周未改变疾病活动指数

目的评估新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)流行期间,因为不可抗力因素导致延迟使用英夫利昔单抗(IFX)对炎症性肠病(IBD)患儿疾病活动指数的影响。方法多中心横断面调查。纳入2020年1月20日至2020年3月20日(疫情中)国内19家医院使用IFX的IBD连续病例,疫情中较疫情前(2020年1月20日前)儿童克罗恩病疾病活动指数(PCDAI)或儿童溃疡性结肠炎疾病活动指数(PUCAI)评分疾病分期加重为病例组,未加重为对照组。考察年龄、性别、延期治疗时间、WBC、Hb、PLT和CRP对疾病分期加重的影响。结果 19家医院参加了本次调查,232例应该接受IFX治疗的IBD患儿中,67例(28.9%)因疫情因素未按时使用IFX。暂停使用2例,疫情中失访;延迟使用65例,其中9例疫情中失访。56例延迟使用IFX[(17.9±9.9) d]并采集到疫情前和中数据的IBD患儿进入本文分析。男27例,女29例,平均年龄(11.3±4.1)岁。病例组11例(诱导阶段3例,维持阶段8例),对照组45例(诱导阶段2例,维持阶段43例)。疫情中与疫情前相比,延迟使用IFX的患儿WBC、Hb、PLT、CRP和疾病活动指数差异均无统计学意义(P分别为0.44、0.60、0.80、0.34和0.33)。11例疾病分期加重,其中6例需要住院,无因为延迟治疗而需要外科手术或死亡的病例。结论维持治疗阶段延迟3周使用IFX未改变IBD患儿疾病活动指数。     

Features of unintentional injury in children under the impact of coronavirus disease 2019北大核心CSCD

目的探究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下儿童意外伤害的特征,旨在为疫情背景下儿童意外伤害的防治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2019年7月—2022年6月上海交通大学附属医学院新华医院收治的意外伤害患儿2526例的病例资料,按时间段分为5个阶段:疫情前(2019年7—12月)、武汉疫情期(2020年1—4月)、全国疫情平稳期(2020年5月—2022年2月)、上海疫情期(2022年3—5月)、上海疫情平稳期(2022年6月)。比较不同时间阶段和年龄阶段儿童意外伤害发生情况,并进一步对其中107例患儿进行问卷调查,探讨儿童意外伤害的特征。结果5个时间阶段意外伤害患儿的性别构成、年龄、年龄分布及多种类型意外伤害构成比的比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。武汉疫情及上海疫情期因意外伤害就诊的人数明显减少。外伤相关意外伤害患儿在各个阶段占比均超过50%,其中武汉疫情期及上海疫情期外伤相关意外伤害人数占比分别为63.9%和82.0%。意外伤害多见于学龄期及学龄前期儿童(1823例,72.17%)。与2021年同期相比,上海疫情期发生意外伤害患儿年龄更小(中位数7岁vs 11岁),外伤相关意外伤害患儿占比增加(97%vs 69%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下儿童意外伤害病例数减少,而外伤相关意外伤害占比增加。学龄前期及学龄期儿童意外伤害更常见。     

广西壮族自治区青少年心理健康状况调查

目的了解广西壮族自治区青少年心理问题发生率、心理问题的类型和表现形式及其影响因素。方法使用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、一般情况调查表及父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对广西壮族自治区南宁、桂林、百色、玉林和北海5个城市9367名青少年(男4361名,女5006名;年龄12～18岁)采用问卷调查方式进行心理健康状况调查。以SCL-90各因子得分达到或超过中度痛苦水平(≥3分)为界,划分有无心理健康问题。EMBU每个条目以1～4分量化其轻重程度,结合SCL-90及一般情况调查结果,了解父母教养方式对青少年心理健康水平的影响。所有数据均经SPSS13.0及PEMS2.0软件处理。结果症状自评量表筛选出有心理问题1362人,心理问题检出率为14.5%,广西青少年各因子得分均低于2004年4省常模,其中得分较高的项目为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对和偏执;女性心理问题发生率高于男性;非独生子女心理问题发生率高于独生子女;单亲家庭子女心理问题发生率高于非单亲家庭子女;少数民族青少年与汉族青少年心理问题的发生率比较无统计学差异;父母不同教养方式对青少年心理健康有不同程度的影响:情感温暖与青少年心理健康状况呈负相关;而惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、偏爱被试、拒绝、否认、过度保护等项因子与青少年心理健康状况呈正相关。结论青少年心理健康问题应得到广泛重视。     

北京某儿童专科医院新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间小儿外科急症病人的特点及应对

目的初步探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间北京某儿童专科医院小儿外科急症病人的疾病谱特征及应对措施。方法以2020年1月24日至2月24日期间首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院外科急诊就诊的患儿以及因急腹症于普外科住院治疗的患儿为研究对象,并与2018年、2019年1月24日至2月24日期间同条件患儿的病例资料进行纵向对比,总结归纳患儿来源、诊断等信息。结果新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间本院外科急诊病例数为1655例,较2018年、2019年减少,但北京市来源病例达1048例(63.3%),就诊病例中急腹症达440例(26.6%),占比较2018年、2019年均有所升高。外伤病例占比与2018年、2019年无显著差异,但车祸伤患儿比例显著下降,由2018年的46例(3.5%)减少至2020年的5例(0.7%)。因急腹症住院治疗83例,较前稍有增加。疫情期间无一例需住院治疗的重症外伤病例。从构成比来看,阑尾炎为本院急腹症住院治疗的主要病种,对比本院三年阑尾炎患儿病例资料,发现2020年疫情期间阑尾炎患儿病例数较2018年、2019年增加,1个月内收治病例达61例;出现症状至手术时间超过3天的患儿比例达24.6%,高于2018年、2019年;患儿阑尾穿孔比例较2018年、2019年增加,达57.4%。结论新型冠状病毒感染重大疫情启动一级响应后,北京某儿童专科医院小儿外科急诊病种结构有所改变,虽然病人总数显著减少,但需更加警惕急腹症,并注意与新型冠状病毒感染的鉴别;住院部急腹症患儿多数病史时间长、病情重,应谨慎筛查,改变病房运转模式。     

营养性疾病

052731沈阳市中小学生1996～2003年营养状况变化趋势分析/连志勇∥中国学校卫生.2005,26(4).301方法:1996～2003年,按有关规定对沈阳市部分学校中小学生进行身高体重的测量,用身高标准体重法评价学生营养状况。结果:营养不良率和肥胖率呈逐年增高趋势,2003年城市学生肥胖率和营养不良率明显高于农村,小学生肥胖率和营养不良率显著高于中学生。表3参3(原文摘要)052732南京市中小学生营养知识和饮食行为状况调查/胡永祯…∥东南大学学报(医学版).2005,24(3).160～163方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对840名中学生及950名小学生进行问卷调查…     

新冠疫情前后新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发病情况分析

目的探讨新冠疫情前后新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, HIE)发病情况。方法选取疫情前(2017年1月至2019年12月)和疫情期间(2020年1月至2022年12月)河南省儿童医院收治且入院年龄在3 d内的56例HIE患儿为研究对象, 根据疫情爆发时间分为研究组(疫情期间)20例和对照组(疫情前)36例。回顾性分析两组患儿一般资料和临床资料, 比较两组HIE患儿的严重程度及其相关并发症的变化。结果两组患儿性别、胎龄、分娩方式、Apgar评分、S100蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、脐带异常、羊水异常(量少、污染)比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05), 但出生体重差异存在统计学意义(t=2.741, P<0.05);研究组与对照组相比, 中重度HIE患儿发病明显增多, 惊厥发作亦增多, 差异均存在统计学意义(χ2=8.569、7.452, P<0.05), 但心肌损害、肝损伤、肾损伤、亚低温使用率等方面差异均无统计学意义(χ2=3.346、1.714、0.164、0.021, P>0.05)。结论疫情对HIE发病带来严重不良影响, 应引起临床医师密切关注, 并开展相应的干预措施, 改善患儿的长期预后。     

传染病

中国医学文摘·儿科学2004年第23卷第2期 041087哈尔滨市太平区中小学生传染病流行情况分析/李秀芝…刀中国学校卫生一2003.24(封一魂。8 041088北京西城区中小学生1996一2001年传染病疫情分析/张亚娟刀中国学校卫生一2003,2魂(5)一,7 1996~2。。1年在校中小学生共610 611人,传染病发病总数4360人,发病率。·71%,小学生明显多于中学生。中小学生1996一200。年传染病发病率逐年降低,但2叫1年有所回升,与该市当年风疹发病数明显增多有关。传染病种类以水痘最多,其次是腮腺炎,中学生中甲肝、痢疾的发病率明显高于小学生。表l(何燕) 041089我国…     

安徽某三甲综合医院新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间儿童血液肿瘤科医疗现状分析及应对

目的 回顾性分析安徽省某三甲综合医院儿童血液肿瘤科在新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间的医疗现状及应对措施,探讨疫情防控常态化下儿童血液肿瘤病房规范化管理经验.方法 以2020年1月1日-9月30日安徽医科大学第二附属医院儿童血液肿瘤科住院患儿作为研究对象,分别与2018、2019年同期住院患儿病例资料进行纵向对比,同时以儿内科...     

新冠疫情前后小儿毛细支气管炎临床特征和病原学变化

目的探讨新冠疫情前后毛细支气管炎患儿临床特征和病原学变化,为毛细支气管炎临床诊治提供依据。方法以2020年1月31日为时间节点,回顾性分析新冠疫情前(2019年2月1日至2020年1月31日,为2019-2020组)与新冠疫情后(2020年2月1日至2021年1月31日,为2020-2021组)苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科因毛细支气管炎住院的患儿临床特征和病原学变化。收集病历资料比较一般情况、临床表现和实验室检查,收集鼻咽分泌物检查结果,比较病原学构成差异。结果2019-2020组纳入285例患儿,2020-2021组纳入190例患儿。两组患儿性别、月龄、入院前病程、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);2020-2021组中/重度病例的比例低于2019-2020组[10.53%(20/190)比21.75%(62/285)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.062,P<0.05)。2020-2021组鼻塞流涕症状比例高于2019-2020组、2020-2021组胃肠道症状(呕吐、腹泻)比例低于2019-2020组[57.37%(109/190)比47.37%(135/285)、15.79%(30/190)比24.56%(70/285)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为4.563、5.278,P均<0.05);两组患儿发热、呼吸困难症状比例以及气促、紫绀体征比例差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。2020-2021组患儿肌酸激酶同工酶低于2019-2020组[4.15(2.90~5.60)比6.70(4.20~22.10)],差异有统计学意义(Z=-8.757,P<0.05);两组患儿的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、血小板计数、嗜酸粒细胞比例、C反应蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。2020-2021组患儿病原体总检出率、呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率、肺炎支原体阳性率、混合感染率均低于2019-2020组[65.26%(124/190)比75.09%(214/285)、14.21%(27/190)比30.18%(86/285)、6.32%(12/190)比15.09%(43/285)、16.84%(32/190)比25.61%(73/285)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为5.361、16.026、8.568、5.094,P均<0.05);2020-2021组患儿鼻病毒阳性率高于2019-2020组[13.16%(25/190)比4.91%(14/285)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.285,P<0.05);两组患儿偏肺病毒、博卡病毒、副流感病毒3阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论新冠疫情前后毛细支气管炎患儿临床特征和病原学发生了变化,疫情防控措施有助于减少相关病原体的传播和减轻疾病的严重程度。     

Factors influencing child mental health: A state‐wide survey of Victorian children

Aims: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems among Victorian children and to investigate factors associated with poorer mental health. Method: Computer‐assisted telephone interviews were undertaken with the parents of 3370 randomly selected Victorian children aged 4 to 12 years. They reported on their child's mental health and special health‐care needs as well as their own mental health, family functioning and a range of community and socio‐demographic variables. Population estimates and odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Overall, 11.6% (95% CI = 10.3–12.9%) of Victorian children were estimated to be at risk of having mental health problems. Factors independently placing children at increased risk of mental health problems that were ‘of concern’ include a child having special health‐care needs (OR = 7.89, 95% CI 5.16 to 12.08), unhealthy family functioning (OR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.19 to 6.74), parental mental health problems (OR = 7.89, 95% CI 5.16 to 12.08), neighbourhood safety (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.07) and area of residence (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.02). Conclusions: A significant proportion of Victorian children are at some risk of mental health problems. These limited but important predictors of children's mental health reinforce the need for policy solutions that will extend beyond those offered by traditional mental health service systems.     

十堰市茅箭区中小学生心理健康现状调查分析

目的了解十堰地区中小学生心理健康现状。方法采用国内修订版4套评估工具Achenbach儿童行为量表中国标准化版增订版、学习障碍筛查量表、Conners儿童行为问卷父母量表、教师量表及自行设计的一般情况调查表,采取随机抽样方式对十堰市茅箭区区属18所学校11611名中小学生、教师及家长发放问卷,进行调查测评分析。结果89.29%的中小学生具有远大理想和崇高追求,具有正确的人生观和价值观,10.71%的中小学生存在着较为严重的心理问题,主要表现为学习目的不明确,缺乏学习积极性及自觉性,自信心缺乏,自责倾向严重,心理承受能力差,冲动倾向严重,焦虑与情绪不稳定、孤独倾向造成冷漠、羞怯、与人交往困难。结论学校、家庭、社会全方位关注学生心理健康,才会促进中小学生心理向健康方向发展。     

青少年自杀意念与家庭环境和心理弹性之间的关联研究

目的 探讨青少年自杀意念与家庭环境因素和心理弹性之间的关系。方法 采用整群抽样法,于2014年12月对河南省新乡市3 230名初高中生进行一般社会资料问卷及Kutcher青少年抑郁量表（11项）（KADS-11）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）、中文版心理弹性量表（CD-RISC）评估测评后,采用多因素logistic回归分析和病例对照研究探讨青少年家庭环境和心理弹性与自杀意念之间的关联。结果 有效问卷为2 960份,有自杀意念者247例（8.50%）,其中男性98例,女性149例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,控制了年龄和性别因素后,单亲/再婚家庭模式与青少年自杀意念风险增加有关（OR=2.655）。男性青少年的自杀意念与家庭亲密度（OR=0.750,P < 0.001）及组织性（OR=0.855,P=0.036）呈明显负关联,与家庭矛盾性呈明显正关联（OR=1.159,P=0.017）。女性青少年的自杀意念与家庭亲密度（OR=0.771,P < 0.001）、情感表达（OR=0.815,P=0.001）及知识性（OR=0.915,P=0.037）存在负性关联。CD-RISC量表评估显示,有自杀意念的青少年心理弹性总得分明显低于无自杀意念的青少年（P < 0.05）,有自杀意念青少年该量表中的能力、忍受消极情感、接受变化和控制4个维度的得分均比无自杀意念青少年低（P < 0.05）。结论 青少年家庭环境亲密度是青少年自杀意念的保护因素;男性青少年的家庭组织性和女性青少年家庭情感表达与降低自杀风险有关;增强心理弹性可能有助于降低青少年的自杀意念。     

Pre‐ and postnatal influences on preschool mental health: a large‐scale cohort study

Background: Methodological challenges such as confounding have made the study of the early determinants of mental health morbidity problematic. This study aims to address these challenges in investigating antenatal, perinatal and postnatal risk factors for the development of mental health problems in pre‐school children in a cohort of Western Australian children. Methods: The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study of 2,868 live born children involving 2,979 pregnant women recruited at 18 weeks gestation. Children were followed up at age two and five years. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used to measure child mental health with clinical cut‐points, including internalising (withdrawn/depressed) and externalising (aggressive/destructive) behaviours (n = 1707). Results: Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the significant risk factors for behaviour problems at age two were the maternal experience of multiple stress events in pregnancy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.37), smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.59) and maternal ethnicity (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.61, 6.96). At age five the experience of multiple stress events (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.27), cigarette smoking (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.37), male gender (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.00), breastfeeding for a shorter time (OR = .97, 95% CI = .94, .99) and multiple baby blues symptoms (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.14) were significant predictors of mental health problems. Conclusions: Early childhood mental health is significantly affected by prenatal events in addition to the child’s later environment. Interventions targeting adverse prenatal, perinatal and postnatal influences can be expected to improve mental health outcomes for children in the early years.     

Is a large family a protective factor against behavioural and emotional problems at the age of 8 years?

AIM: To study the prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among children from different family types, sibship size and birth order. METHODS: A prospective birth cohort (n = 9357) study where parents filled in two questionnaires and teachers assessed children's behaviour using the Rutter scale (RB2). RESULTS: 14.3% scored above the cut-off point (RB2 > or = 9) indicating probable psychiatric disturbance, boys more often than girls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3-3.0). Behavioural problems (9.2%) were more common than emotional ones (4.1%). Boys living in families other than two-parent families were at risk for probable psychiatric disturbance, and a corresponding risk was observed for girls living in single-parent or always one-parent families. Other than two-parent family was also a risk for behavioural problems; for boys adjusted odds ratios ranged significantly from 1.8 to 2.4 and for girls from 2.0 to 3.7. "Only children" had the highest prevalence of behavioural problems, while children in very large families had the lowest. Living in a very large family was a protective factor against behavioural problems among boys but not among girls. Eldest children were at lower risk of behavioural problems than the other children. The single-parent and always one-parent family was associated with higher risk of emotional problems among girls. CONCLUSION: Children's psychiatric problems are manifested at school mostly as behavioural problems. A two-parent family and being the oldest in the sibling series seem to be protective factors. Very large family size, if not connected to social disadvantages, does not seem to be a risk factor for children's behaviour.     

Physical activity might not be the protective factor for health risk behaviours and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents

AIM: This study aims to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) intensity on tobacco or alcohol abuse, suicide behaviours and psychopathological symptoms in junior and senior high school students in China. METHODS: A total of 5453 students from nine middle schools participated in a self-administered anonymous survey to report their frequency of moderate and vigorous PA at a normal learning week. Tobacco or alcohol use in the past 30 days, suicide behaviours during the past 12 months were asked. The Symptoms Checklist 90 was used to assess general mental problem and nine special psychopathological symptoms. The Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and School Life Satisfaction Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent were selected to rate the respondents' self-esteem and school life satisfaction. RESULTS: Percentage of high-, low-moderate- and very-low-intensity PA was 22.0%, 37.0% and 41.0%, respectively. By using multivariable multinomial logistic regression, it was indicated that low-moderate-intensity PA was a protective factor of depression (odds ratio (OR) was 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.40-0.91) and psychotic symptoms (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.93), while high-intensity PA was a risk factor of binge drinking (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.29-2.54), suicide ideation (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.54), general psychological disorders (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11-1.84), and hostile symptoms (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.07). CONCLUSION: Different intensity PA in adolescents had different association with risk health behaviours and psychopathological symptoms. The reasons are worth further researching.     

Parents' evaluation of developmental status: how well do parents' concerns identify children with behavioral and emotional problems?

This study was undertaken to determine which parental concerns are most associated with significant behavioral/emotional problems and the extent to which parents' concerns can be depended on in the detection of mental health problems. An additional goal is to view how well a recently published screening test relying on parents' concerns, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), detects behavioral and emotional problems. Subjects were a national sample of 472 parents and their children (21 months to 8 years old) who were participants in 1 of 2 test standardization and validation studies. Sites included various pediatric settings, public schools, and Head Start programs in 5 diverse geographic locations. Subjects were representative of U.S. demographics in terms of ethnicity, parental level of education, gender, and socioeconomic status. At each site, psychological examiners, educational diagnosticians, or school psychologists recruited families, and obtained informed consent. Examiners disseminated a demographics questionnaire (in English or Spanish) and a developmental screening test that relies on parents' concerns (PEDS). Examiners were blinded to PEDS' scoring and interpretation administered either by interview or in writing, the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) or the Possible Problems Checklist (PPC), a subtest of the Child Development Inventory that includes items measuring emotional well-being and behavioral self-control. PEDS was used to sort children into risk for developmental disabilities according to various types of parental concern. Those identified as having high or moderate risk were nominated for diagnostic testing or screening followed by developmental and mental health services when indicated. Because their emotional and behavioral needs would have been identified and addressed, these groups were removed from the analysis (N = 177). Of the 295 children who would not have been nominated for further scrutiny on PEDS due to their low risk of developmental problems, 102 had parents with concerns not predictive of developmental disabilities (e.g., behavior, social skills, self-help skills) and 193 had no concerns at all. Of the 295 children, 12% had scores on either the ECBI or the PPC indicative of mental health problems. Two parental concerns were identified through logistic regression as predictive of mental health status: behavior (OR = 4.74, CI = 1.69-13.30); and social skills (OR = 5.76, CI = 2.46-13.50). If one or more of these concerns was present, children had 8.5 times the risk of mental health problems (CI = 3.69-19.71) In children 434 years of age and older, one or both concerns was 87% sensitive and 79% specific to mental health status, figures keeping with standards for screening test accuracy. In young children, the presence of one or both concerns was 68% sensitive and 66% specific to mental health status. The findings suggest that certain parental concerns, if carefully elicited, can be depended on to detect mental health problems when children are 41 years and older and at low risk of developmental problems. For younger children, clinicians should counsel parents in disciplinary techniques, follow up, and if suggestions were not effective, administer a behavioral-emotional screening test such as the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist or the ECBI before making a referral decision.     

Risk assessment for eating disorders in a high school: a study based on the Eating Attitudes Test 26

AIM: Disordered eating behaviours can lead to clinically evident and serious eating disorders (ED). Aim of this paper is to determine their extent among adolescents and to evaluate the associated characteristics. METHODS: All students of a high school (age 14-18) have been asked to fill up the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) anonymously. EAT-26 is a self-reported questionnaire identifying subjects at risk for ED. This questionnaire included also an integrative section, aimed at investigating some ED-related variables (family composition, diet among relatives, social relationships, spare time activities, self-esteem). Collected data have been analyzed using EpiInfo6. RESULTS: The study involved all the 902 students of the school; 833 questionnaires have been distributed and 701 were collected (89.4% from girls, 10.3% from boys). The percentage of EAT-26 positive boys (i.e. scoring = or > 20) is 3%, while for girls is 13.7%. A positive test significantly correlates with low self-esteem (OR = 46.67, CI = 13.16-182.04), contentious relationships with the mother (OR = 2.20, CI = 1.12-4.29) and the father (OR=2.45, CI=1.24-4.80). No significant correlation has been found for being an only child, living in a single-parent family having limited/not having social relationships, having unsatisfactory social relationships, spending spare time mostly alone, watching TV more than 2 h per day. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest an increasing diffusion in the risk for ED among adolescents. Personal characteristics and behaviours related to this risk are good start points to program projects focusing on primary and secondary prevention of ED in high schools.     

新型冠状病毒感染流行期间孤独症谱系障碍儿童心理行为问题的研究概况北大核心CSCD

自2019年12月起,新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)在全世界范围内迅速传播,正影响着普通人的身心健康,其对于孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童可能存在更严重的潜在危害。该文就COVID-19流行期间ASD儿童出现的心理行为问题及其影响因素的相关研究进行综述,为ASD儿童的临床研究提供参考。     

Childhood overweight and parent- and teacher-reported behavior problems: evidence from a prospective study of kindergartners

OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is a relationship between overweight and behavior problems among children as young as 5 years old by studying the association between overweight and behavioral health at entry into kindergarten and to determine whether overweight status is a risk factor for the onset of new behavior problems during the first 2 years in school. DESIGN: We use data from a nationally representative sample of kindergartners in the United States-the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten class. Data on height, weight, and parent- and teacher-reported behavior problems were collected 3 times during their first 2 years in school for 9949 children. We use a multivariate regression analysis that controls for sociodemographic characteristics, parent-child interaction, birth weight, and mother's mental health. RESULTS: Among girls, but not boys, there is a significant association between overweight and teacher-reported externalizing behavior problems (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.68), teacher-reported internalizing behavior problems (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.17), and parent-reported internalizing behavior problems (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08-2.06) at the beginning of kindergarten. However, overweight status was not a risk factor for the onset of new behavior problems over time for either girls (teacher-reported externalizing behavior problems: OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.25-1.33]; teacher-reported internalizing behavior problems: OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.88-2.03]; and parent-reported internalizing behavior problems: OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.82-2.01]) or boys (teacher-reported externalizing behavior problems: OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.67-1.57]; teacher-reported internalizing behavior problems: OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.68-1.52]; and parent-reported internalizing behavior problems: OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 0.94-2.15]), whereas low family income and maternal depression were strong predictors of such problems. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood overweight is already associated with behavior problems when girls start school, but not boys. In contrast to common belief, overweight status does not predict the onset of new internalizing or externalizing behavior problems during the first 2 years of school.