早产儿及其母亲体内钙 铁 镁含量的研究

目的：研究早产儿母亲孕前孕期钙、铁、镁摄入情况,早产儿及其母亲体内钙、铁、镁含量,从早产儿的营养影响因素方面初步探讨早产的发病机制,并为预防早产提供依据。方法：选取严格配对的病例和对照共240例作为研究对象,对母亲怀孕前和怀孕期间钙、铁、镁的摄入情况进行膳食调查,ICP-OES法对血浆、羊水、胎盘、母乳、胎粪多种生物样本中钙、铁、镁的水平进行检测和统计分析。结果：怀孕期间,早产儿母亲铁和镁的摄入量亦均显著低于足月儿母亲（P<0.05）,怀孕前铁和钙的摄入量亦均显著低于足月儿母亲（P<0.05）。多元方差分析结果显示早产儿母亲体内的钙、铁含量显著低于足月儿母亲（P<0.05）;早产儿体内铁、镁含量明显低于足月儿（P<0.05）。母亲和新生儿的血浆钙、铁和镁水平都呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。结论：早产儿母亲体内钙、铁含量低于足月儿母亲,早产儿体内的铁、镁含量低于足月儿。有关反映钙、铁和镁含量的指标与母亲在孕前孕期摄入情况的关系还有待进一步研究。     

脐带血维生素D 水平与新生儿生长指标的关系

目的了解新生儿脐带血维生素D水平现况,探讨脐带血维生素D水平与新生儿生长指标的相关性。方法共纳入223对足月单胎母子。问卷法收集母亲孕期信息;测量新生儿出生体质量、头围和身长指标;采用酶联免疫法测定新生儿脐带血和母亲孕晚期血25(OH)D浓度。结果脐带血25(OH)D平均浓度为20.7 nmol/L,维生素D缺乏率达82.1%,其中严重缺乏率为12.1%(10 nmol/L)。子代与母亲孕晚期25(OH)D浓度基本一致。脐带血不同25(OH)D浓度新生儿的出生季节分布差异有统计学意义(P0.05),10 nmol/L组冬春季节所占比例较高。脐带血25(OH)D浓度与低出生体质量(LBW)和小于胎龄(SGA)新生儿的发生率均无显著相关(P0.05)。控制性别、胎龄、出生季节等变量后,脐带血不同25(OH)D浓度组间的出生体质量和头围差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论足月新生儿脐带血25(OH)D浓度普遍低,维生素D缺乏状态与其母亲孕晚期维生素D状况基本一致。脐带血25(OH)D浓度与新生儿出生体质量和头围存在一定相关性,其具体规律尚有待进一步扩大样本验证。     

重症肺炎患儿血清电解质水平变化与预后的关系

目的 探讨重症肺炎患儿血清电解质水平与预后的关系.方法 对268例肺炎患儿进行小儿危重症评分,以危重病例和极危重病例为重症肺炎组,非危重病例为对照组.测定所有患儿血清钠、钾、钙和氯水平,分析电解质水平变化与预后的关系.结果 重症组血钠、钙和氯水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而血钾水平无明显差异(P＞0.05).重症组中,痊愈与好转患儿、疗效不明显与死亡患儿血清钠、钾、钙和氯比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa＞0.05),而疗效不明显与死亡患儿血清钠、钾、钙和氯水平均明显低于痊愈和好转患儿(Pa<0.01).结论 重症肺炎患儿血清电解质水平与病情危重程度和预后密切相关,检测血清电解质水平对于及时正确评估病情和指导治疗具有重要意义.     

孕期膳食血糖生成指数变化与出生体重及母子胰岛素抵抗水平的关系

目的：探讨超重孕妇孕期膳食血糖生成指数（GI）变化水平与新生儿出生体重及母子胰岛素抵抗水平的关系。方法：选择在江苏省昆山市妇幼保健所及上海市国际和平妇幼保健院参加产检的超重孕妇为研究对象。前瞻性收集孕妇初次产检及孕中期膳食资料,计算GI变化水平（ΔGI）。采用Pearson相关分析ΔGI与新生儿出生体重、孕晚期空腹胰岛素及脐血C肽之间的相关关系,利用多元回归校正混杂因素的影响,进一步分析ΔGI与三者之间的关系。将ΔGI分为4组（<25%、~50%、~75%和＞75%）, 出生体重分为巨大儿、正常体重儿、低出生体重儿3组,应用有序多分类Logistic 回归分析孕期ΔGI和出生体重各分组之间的关系。结果：本文共纳入392名超重孕妇,初诊和孕中期膳食GI平均水平分别为64.4±9.2和63.8±9.5,ΔGI为-0.6±12.7。孕晚期空腹胰岛素平均水平为11.6(7.4~15.8) μU·mL-1。新生儿平均出生体重（3489.7±519.6）g,巨大儿发生率14.4%,脐血C肽的平均水平为0.7(0.4~1.0) ng·mL-1。相关分析并未发现ΔGI与新生儿出生体重、孕晚期空腹胰岛素及脐血C肽之间的关系。多元线性逐步回归分析显示新生儿出生体重与ΔGI、孕期增重、新生儿性别、分娩孕周有关。有序多分类Logistic 回归分析显示,随着孕期ΔGI的增加,新生儿出生体重呈上升趋势（OR=1.54,95% CI:1.06~2.25）。多元回归分析并未发现ΔGI与孕晚期空腹胰岛素、脐血C肽之间的关系。结论：超重孕妇孕期膳食GI变化水平与新生儿出生体重显著相关,与母子胰岛素抵抗水平无关。     

维生素D缺乏与新生儿早发型败血症的相关性研究

目的评估血清维生素D水平对足月新生儿早发型败血症(EOS)的影响。方法 78例足月EOS新生儿设为研究组(EOS组),60例无感染相关临床和/或实验室表现的健康足月新生儿设为对照组。两组新生儿及其母亲均在产后72h内采血进行25-羟基维生素D(25-OHD)水平检测,比较两组新生儿维生素D缺乏发生率及母亲孕期维生素D补充情况。结果两组母亲和新生儿之间血清25-OHD水平均呈显著正相关(EOS组:r=0.797,P0.01,对照组:r=0.929,P0.01)。EOS组新生儿及其母亲血清25-OHD水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。EOS组新生儿维生素D缺乏发生率显著高于对照组(P0.01),而母亲孕末期3个月补充足量维生素D的比率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论低血清25-OHD水平与足月新生儿EOS的发生具有相关性。     

妊娠期高血压综合征对其新生儿脐血脂联素水平的影响及其与血脂的关系

目的 探讨妊娠高血压综合征(PIH)对PIH新生儿脐血脂联素水平的影响及其与血脂之间的关系.方法 将PIH孕妇所生新生儿60例分为妊娠期高血压组(23例)、子痫前期轻度组(22例)、子痫前期重度组(15例);取本院健康母亲所生新生儿40例为健康对照组.均采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定各组新生儿脐血脂联素水平,全自动生化分析仪测定其脐血血脂6项,并分析脂联素与血脂6项的相关性.结果 1.PIH孕妇所生新生儿脐血脂联素水平低于健康对照组,且随PIH程度的加重呈进行性下降,组间比较有显著性差异(Pa＜0.05).2.PIH孕妇所生新生儿脐血三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平均高于健康对照组,且随母亲PIH程度的加重呈进行性升高,但组间比较无显著性差异(F=0.270,0.687,0.474 Pa＞0.05);高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)水平均低于健康对照组,随母亲PIH程度的加重呈进行性的下降,但组间比较无显著性差异(F＝1.773、1.831 Pa＞0.05);脂蛋白(LPA)组间比较无显著性差异(F＝1.490 P＞0.05).3.PIH孕妇所生新生儿脐血脂联素水平与TG、TC、HDL、 LDL、apoA、LPA水平均无相关性(r＝-0.072,-0.089,0.053,-0.043,0.051,0.081 Pa＞0.05).结论 PIH时宫内的不良环境使胎儿内分泌代谢、脂代谢发生改变,且随母亲PIH程度的加重而加重,推测PIH母亲所生新生儿以后可能发生冠心病、动脉粥样硬化的危险性较健康儿童增加.     

母亲孕期甲状腺功能减低对子代智能的影响

近年来有研究表明,母亲孕期轻度甲状腺功能减低(简称甲减)或亚临床甲减也会对后代的智能发育造成不良影响,引起了医学界的积极关注.为了更好地理解孕期母亲甲状腺功能(简称甲功)和胎儿大脑发育之间的复杂关系,明确母亲孕期甲减对子代智能发育造成的影响,本文就当前的一些临床和基础研究进展作一综述.     

妊娠高血压母亲新生儿脐血S-100蛋白水平与脑血流变化的研究

目的 探讨妊娠高血压母亲新生儿脐血S-100蛋白水平与脑血流变化的关系.方法 我院2006年1月至2007年1月收治的妊娠高血压母亲所生新生儿为观察组,母亲重度子痫前期为重度组,只有高血压或轻度子痫前期为轻度组;无国产期缺氧史的足月儿为对照组.采用ELISA法对所有新生儿脐血S-100蛋白进行检测,同时应用彩色多谱勒超声观察生后24h内双侧大脑中动脉收缩期峰流速(Vs)、舒张末期流速(Vd)及阻力指数(RI).结果 重度组脐血S-100蛋白水平高于轻度组和对照组[(60.1±8.3)μg/L比(37.6±5.0)μg/L和(35.1±3.3)μg/L,P均＜0.01],轻度组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).重度组Vs、Vd均低于轻度组和对照组,RI高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＞0.05).妊娠高血压母亲新生儿脐血S-100蛋白水平与大脑中动脉血流速度呈负相关(r=-0.257,P＜0.05).结论 妊娠高血压母亲新生儿脐血S-100蛋白水平升高,脑血流速度降低,二者变化有明显相关性.     

母亲妊娠期高血压病新生儿脐血食欲素与生长激素、瘦素的关系

目的探讨妊娠期高血压病(HDP)对其新生儿脐血食欲素水平的影响及食欲素与生长激素(GH)、瘦素的关系。方法选取HDP母亲所生新生儿65例,依HDP诊断标准将其分为3组:HDP组(HDP1组)24例、子前期轻度组(HDP2组)23例、子前期重度组(HDP3组)18例。另选41例孕母体健的新生儿为健康对照组。采用放射免疫分析法测定各组脐血食欲素、GH、瘦素水平,并分析食欲素与GH、瘦素的相关性。结果 1.HDP各组新生儿脐血食欲素水平均高于健康对照组,且随母亲HDP程度加重逐渐升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=3.962,P<0.05)。2.HDP各组新生儿脐血GH水平均高于健康对照组,且随母亲HDP程度加重逐渐升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.839,P<0.05)。3.HDP各组新生儿脐血瘦素水平均低于健康对照组,且随母亲HDP程度加重逐渐降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=2.678,P<0.05)。4.HDP各组新生儿脐血食欲素水平与GH水平呈正相关,而与瘦素水平呈负相关(r=0.323、-0.297,Pa<0.05)。结论 HDP影响了胎儿内分泌代谢的调节,且影响程度与HDP的临床进程有一定关系;食欲素可能参与创伤应激后内环境紊乱的调控。     

脐血瘦素水平与婴幼儿体格发育指标的关系

目的　瘦素参与儿童生长发育的调控 ,而宫内生长环境亦可影响生后的生长发育和代谢。该文探讨新生儿出生时脐带血瘦素水平与婴幼儿体格发育指标的关系 ,评价出生时瘦素水平对婴幼儿生长发育的调节作用。方法　采用ELISA方法检测 5 5例新生儿 (男 35例 ,女 2 0例 ,胎龄 31～ 4 1周 )脐血瘦素水平 ,并对其中的 2 5例进行了 1年 7个月至 2年 3个月的随访 ,观察脐血瘦素水平与新生儿胎龄、出生体重、身长、体重 身长2 (BMI)以及生后 1岁 7个月时婴幼儿体重、身长净增长值、BMI的关系。结果　新生儿脐血瘦素水平与胎龄 (r =0 .4 0 9,P<0 .0 1)、出生体重 (r =0 .4 6 3,P <0 .0 1)、身长 (r =0 .36 0 ,P <0 .0 1)、BMI(r =0 .32 8,P <0 .0 5 )均呈正相关 ,与性别无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。脐血瘦素水平与 1岁 7个月时婴幼儿体重、身长的净增长值呈显著负相关 (分别为r =- 0 .5 31,P <0 .0 1;r =- 0 .4 4 8,P <0 .0 5 ) ,但婴幼儿BMI与脐血瘦素水平无相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　脐血瘦素水平与新生儿出生体重、身长、BMI有关 ,并对婴幼儿体格发育指标的增长速度具有负性调节作用。早产儿出生时脐血瘦素低水平可能与生后的“生长追赶”现象有关。     

25-Hydroxyvitamin D and total calcium: extraordinarily low plasma concentrations in Saudi mothers and their neonates

Venous blood was obtained from 100 consecutive and unselected Saudi Arabian mothers and their neonates within 48 h after delivery. Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and total calcium were measured in paired samples. Fifty-nine mothers and 70 neonates had subnormal (less than 10 ng/ml) 25-OHD levels. Plasma Ca concentrations were low in 61% of the mothers and 59% of the newborns consisting of 10 preterm and 38 full term babies. There were significant correlation between the plasma levels of maternal and neonatal 25-OHD (r = 0.54; P = 0.0001), maternal 25-OHD and Ca (r = -0.22; P = 0.03), neonatal 25-OHD and Ca (r = -0.28; P = 0.0009), and maternal and neonatal calcium levels (r = 0.46; P = 0.0001). Nevertheless, maternal 25-OHD was not invariably higher than that in the infant. Normocalcemia was observed in 29 neonates and 26 mothers (20 mother/baby pairs) in the presence of subnormal maternal 25-OHD. Twenty babies and 16 mothers including nine mother/baby pairs had hypocalcemia in the presence of normal levels of 25-OHD. This indicates that vitamin D plays a crucial, but not exclusive, role in calcium homeostasis during pregnancy. This study revealed that vitamin D deficiency is very prevalent during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. It also showed that asymptomatic hypocalcemia in full term babies is far commoner than is generally appreciated. It is considered that vitamin D deficiency is primarily due to lack of exposure to sunlight. Encouragement to obtain sunlight exposure and fortification of food are the only alternative measures.     

新生儿维生素D水平与孕母维生素D水平的关系

目的 探讨新生儿维生素D 水平与孕母维生素D 水平的相关性。方法 2015 年6 月1 日至7月10 日采集102 名足月单胎新生儿脐静脉血及其孕母静脉血,采用同位素稀释超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清25(OH)D 水平。结果 孕母维生素D 不足者39 例(38.2%),缺乏者25 例(24.5%)。新生儿维生素D 不足者27 例(26.5%),缺乏者66 例(64.7%)。不同血清25(OH)D 水平孕母组新生儿25(OH)D 水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。孕母25(OH)D 水平与新生儿维生素D 水平呈正相关(r=0.914,P<0.001)。孕母25(OH)DROC 曲线预测新生儿维生素D 缺乏(≤ 15 ng/mL)的曲线下面积为0.962,95%CI: 0.930~0.994,P<0.001。孕母血清25(OH)D ≤ 27.55 ng/mL 为界值预测新生儿维生素D 缺乏的灵敏度为97.2%,特异度为80.3%。结论 新生儿维生素D 水平与孕母维生素D 水平正相关;孕母维生素D 水平可预测新生儿维生素D 缺乏。     

Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: effect on neonatal calcium homeostasis

We assessed whether modification of vitamin D nutritional status during the last trimester of pregnancy affects maternal and neonatal calcium homeostasis. At the end of the first trimester, 40 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either of two groups, and blood taken to assess the basal values of Ca, Pi, Mg, iPTH, 25-OHD, and 1,25(OH)2D. From the sixth month on, group 1 (+D) received 1000 IU vitamin D3 daily; group 2 (-D) served as control. At the time of delivery, maternal serum 25-OHD was higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005). Ca, Pi, iPTH, and 1,25(OH)2D were not affected. At term, venous cord 25-OHD levels were also higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005), and 1,25(OH)2D levels slightly lower (P less than 0.05), but neither Ca, Pi, nor iPTH differed between the two groups. Serum CaT dropped significantly (P less than 0.002) at 4 days of age in the infants from both groups, although to a lesser extent in these from the +D group (P less than 0.05). Circulating iPTH increased in both groups. Serum 25-OHD remained low in the -D group, and dropped slightly in the +D group; 1,25(OH)2D remained stable during the first 4 days of life in the -D group, and increased in the +D group (P less than 0.001). Our data demonstrate the importance of providing adequate maternal vitamin D stores to ensure better perinatal handling of calcium. This is of particular importance for populations at risk for hypovitaminosis D.     

Low serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels in neonates fed 'humanized' cow's milk-based formula.

We previously suggested that "late" neonatal hypocalcemia is related to a low calcium-phosphorus ratio of current cow's milk-based formula compared with human milk. However, there are no longitudinal studies of ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in neonates receiving formulas with varying Ca/P ratios. Sixty-nine term neonates were studied through 2 weeks of age, and formula-fed neonates were randomized at birth to receive formula with molar ratios of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.4. Serum phosphate concentrations on days 2 and 6 of age were higher, and ionized calcium levels lower on days 6 and 14, in formula-fed vs human milk-fed neonates. Serum intact parathyroid hormone level increased between days 2 and 6 in formula-fed neonates compared with a decrease in human milk-fed neonates. Serum parathyroid hormone level on day 6 correlated with phosphorus intake among formula-fed neonates. No differences were noted in serum mineral or hormone levels among formula-fed groups. We speculate that the lowering of serum ionized calcium concentrations in neonates fed a modern "humanized" cow's milk formula may be a factor in late neonatal hypocalcemia.     

强光疗治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨采用强光疗治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性。方法 对144 例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿进行前瞻性随机分组,其中强光疗组和传统光疗组各72 例,对两组疗效及并发症等情况进行比较。结果 光疗后12 h 内强光疗组患儿血总胆红素水平明显低于传统光疗组(P<0.05),且胆红素下降幅度明显高于传统光疗组(P<0.05)。强光疗组患儿总光疗时间明显短于传统光疗组(P<0.05)。两组患儿光疗后发热、腹泻、皮疹、低钙血症发生率及光疗后血钙水平和血红蛋白下降水平等比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 强光疗在光疗开始初期可迅速有效降低高胆红素血症患儿血中胆红素水平,缩短总光疗时间,且不增加不良反应的发生率,是一种优于传统光疗的治疗措施。     

尿神经导向因子-1和肾损伤分子-1对窒息后新生儿急性肾损伤的诊断价值探讨

目的 分析尿神经导向因子-1(Netrin-1)和肾损伤分子-1(Kim-1)的变化对新生儿窒息引起的急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期诊断价值。方法 选取足月窒息新生儿80 例(轻度窒息组34 例,重度窒息组46 例),以及正常足月新生儿40 例(无窒息组)。分别收集三组新生儿出生后12 h、13~48 h 内尿标本,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测尿Netrin-1 及Kim-1 的水平,同时抽取外周静脉血检测血肌酐(Scr)水平。结果 窒息组患儿生后48 h 内的尿Netrin-1 及Kim-1 水平明显高于无窒息组,生后13~48 h 内的Scr 水平高于无窒息组(P<0.05);AKI 组患儿生后48 h 内的尿Netrin-1、Kim-1、Scr 均高于非AKI 组(P<0.05);12 h 内的尿Netrin-1、Kim-1 预测窒息后AKI 的AUC 值分别为0.878(95%CI 0.775~0.981,P<0.01)和0.899(95%CI 0.829~0.969,P<0.01);新生儿窒息后12 h 内的尿Netrin-1、尿Kim-1、Scr 分别呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。结论 窒息新生儿发生AKI时尿Netrin-1 和Kim-1 水平明显增高;尿Netrin-1 和Kim-1 可作为早期判断窒息后AKI 的指标。     

Effect of calcium therapy in the sick premature infant with early neonatal hypocalcemia

Twenty-seven sick premature infants with serum calcium concentrations less than 6.0 mg/dl during the first day of age were enrolled in a prospective controlled study involving two treatment regimens--calcium given as a bolus or a drip--or no treatment. Mean total calcium concentration was 5.5 +/- 0.8 mg/dl, and ionized calcium was 3.1 +/- .3 mg/dl, with no significant difference between treatment groups. By 24 hours, in all groups total calcium had increased to greater than 6.0 mg/dl (bolus 6.5 +/- 1.1, drip 7.0 +/- 0.4, control 6.6 +/- 0.4) and ionized calcium to greater than 3.5 mg/dl (bolus 3.9 +/- 0.3, drip 3.6 +/- 0.6, control 3.6 +/- 0.3). Ionized and total calcium concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.562; P less than 0.001), but total calcium did not predict ionized calcium in any group. These data support the concept that, even in sick infants, early neonatal hypocalcemia is a physiologic phenomenon that may not require treatment.     

Effect of different doses of vitamin D on osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline in preterm infants

Background: Metabolic bone disease of prematurity is a common problem in preterm infants. The aim of the present paper was to measure the effect of vitamin D, in order to see the relation between vitamin D and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD), serum osteocalcin (OC), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Methods: Three different doses of vitamin D, 200 IU/kg (group 1, 11 infants), 400 IU/kg (group 2, 15 infants) and 800 IU/kg bodyweight/day (group 3, 11 infants), were administered to a total of 37 preterm infants between 15th day of birth until the 30th day of birth. Results: There were no significant differences in levels of serum Ca and P before and after vitamin D supplementation in all groups. Serum ALP levels were increased in all but significantly only in groups 1 and 3. Serum OC levels were also increased in each group by the treatment. Urinary DPD excretion was increased gradually by the increase in vitamin D intake, but it was significant only in group 3. Conclusion: High dose of vitamin D supplementation might accelerate bone turnover and increased urinary DPD levels might reflect increased bone resorption. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study comparing the effects of different vitamin D dose, by the means of urinary collagen cross‐links, on bone turnover in preterm infants.     

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia

The aim of this article is to investigate the prevalence of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and to compare the clinical presentation and course of G6PD-deficient and normal patients. This study included a total of 624 term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia from March 2001 to September 2004. Birth weight, sex, weight at admission, serum bilirubin at admission, maximum bilirubin, phototherapy duration, duration of hospitalization and the need for exchange transfusion were recorded. Laboratory evaluations included blood group typing of mother and newborn, complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, serum total and direct bilirubin, direct coombs test, reticulocyte count, serum-free T4 and TSH, urine analysis, urinary reducing substance and erythrocyte G6PD level. The analysis of the results indicated that 24 neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia were G6PD-deficient. No statistically significant difference was detected between G6PD-deficient and normal groups in relation to the time of onset of jaundice, reticulocyte count, hematocrit level, phototherapy duration and duration of hospitalization. Serum bilirubin at admission, maximum serum bilirubin level and the need for exchange transfusion were higher in G6PD-deficient group. From this study our conclusion is that the G6PD deficiency is a common enzyme defect causing severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia which may result in kernicterus. Early neonatal screening programmes should be instituted in countries where the deficiency is prevalent.     

新生儿乳糜性浆膜腔积液临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿乳糜性浆膜腔积液的临床特征、病因、治疗和转归。方法 回顾性收集并分析21例新生儿乳糜性浆膜腔积液患儿的临床资料。结果 21例患儿中,单纯乳糜性胸腔积液13例,乳糜性腹腔积液2例,乳糜性心包积液2例,乳糜性多浆膜腔积液4例。先天性乳糜性浆膜腔积液患儿（n=5）纳入先天组,多发生在胎儿期,生后即出现症状;后天性乳糜性浆膜腔积液患儿（n=16）纳入后天组,多在中心静脉置管后1周内出现症状（n=14）,2例与败血症相伴出现。先天组患儿浆膜腔积液的比重、白细胞计数、单核细胞百分比、白蛋白水平均高于后天组（P < 0.05）;而葡萄糖、三酰甘油水平均低于后天组（P < 0.05）。置管相关乳糜性浆膜腔积液的发生多与置管位置不当、移位损伤、渗透压过高等因素有关。乳糜性浆膜腔积液患儿的治疗以保守治疗为主（n=20）,有效率达85%。先天组特殊奶粉喂养比例高于后天组,拔除置管比例低于后天组,浆膜腔积液吸收时间长于后天组（P < 0.05）。结论 引发新生儿乳糜性浆膜腔积液的原因和疾病发生的部位不同,症状出现的时间和表现不一。后天性患儿因血管损伤导致静脉高渗液渗出的可能性大。保守治疗效果显著,先天性患儿治疗难度高于后天性患儿。