输尿管占位性病变48例分析

目的：提高输尿管占位性病变的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗水平。方法：对48例输尿管占位性病变的临床症状、诊断、治疗及随访结果进行分析。结果：输尿管息肉23例，经手术切除，随访2－20年无复发。恶性输尿管肿瘤24例，行肾、输尿管及膀胱袖状切除18例，肿瘤段输尿管切除6例。随访16例，O－B期／Ⅰ-Ⅱ级12例，已存活2－16年，其中3例半年至2年内发现膀胱肿瘤。B－C期／Ⅲ级4例，术后半年至1年死亡。结论：输尿管息肉愈后良好，恶性肿瘤预后主要取决于肿瘤的分期、分级，早期诊治是提高生存率的关键。     

12例腹壁恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨腹壁恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾１２例腹壁恶性肿瘤的临床诊治经过。结果：原发性纤维肉瘤５例,腹壁种植转移瘤７例,其中５例伴腹腔内转换。２例活检未切除,１０例肿瘤切除并辅以放疗和／或化疗。４例局部复发或合并远处转移,均再手术。２例活检后１个月死亡,１例术后３４个月死亡。其余９例随访８个月～８年（平均３９．１个月）存活。结论：继发性恶性肿瘤术后诊断率高于原发性恶性肿瘤。原发性纤维肉瘤应用     

心脏黏液瘤31例临床特征与手术治疗分析

目的探讨心脏黏液瘤的临床特征和手术治疗方法。方法31例心脏黏液瘤患者,在低温体外循环下进行黏液瘤切除术。结果术后死亡1例,其余患者术后恢复好,临床症状消失,心功能恢复至I级。随访6个月～10年,未见肿瘤复发和远处种植转移。结论超声心动图是诊断心脏黏液瘤的有效方法;手术切除是心脏黏液瘤首选的治疗方法,一经确诊应尽快手术。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断与外科治疗体会（附58例报告）

目的探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断和外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析本院2000年1月～2010年3月58例经手术治疗的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床资料。结果 58例中,临床症状主要表现为腹部肿块33例（56.9%）,腹痛21例（36.2%）,腹胀13例（22.4%）;术后病理检查结果良性肿瘤19例,恶性肿瘤39例;肿瘤完整切除41例,姑息性切除16例,剖腹探查肿瘤活检术1例。58例患者围手术期无死亡,肿瘤完全切除组中位生存时间59个月,其l、3、5年生存率分别为88.2%、68.7%、35.8%;肿瘤姑息性切除组中位生存期35.3个月,其1、3、5年生存率分别为82.9%、53.8%、9.2%。结论手术切除是腹膜后肿瘤的最有效治疗方法,积极的外科治疗、争取完整切除可以延长患者的生存期,降低复发率。对于复发患者,应争取再次手术切除。     

腮腺肿瘤手术156例临床分析

目的：探讨腮腺肿瘤的诊断和术式选择,以期提高诊治水平。方法：总结分析我院156例经手术治疗腮腺肿瘤病例,术前主要依据临床表现、B超和CT（或MRI）等确定肿瘤的良恶性质,良性肿瘤主要采用肿瘤＋浅叶切除术或浅叶部分切除术,恶性肿瘤则行肿瘤＋全腺叶切除或扩大切除术。结果：良性肿瘤124例,术后复发4例（6例失访按复发计）,复发率8.1%;恶性肿瘤32例,复发7例（8例失访按复发和死亡计）,复发率46.9%;死亡5例,死亡率40.6%。结论：术前最大程度确定肿瘤的性质对指导手术术式选择非常重要,首次手术术式的正确选择可有效避免术后复发。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的外科治疗及其预后

 目的 探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的临床特点、诊断及外科治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2010-05至2015-05于我院经手术治疗的87例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料,分析其临床表现、病理结果、手术情况、术后并发症及预后。结果 87例原发性小肠肿瘤均经病理确诊。常见临床表现有腹痛(51例)、消化道出血(29例)、腹部包块(12例)、肠梗阻(17例)、黄疸(3例),6例为查体发现。良性26例,恶性61例;26例良性肿瘤均行肿瘤及肠管局部切除,恶性肿瘤行根治性切除49例,姑息性切除4例,短路手术6例。59例获得随访,随访时间为6个月至5年,其中良性肿瘤23例,复发3例,恶性肿瘤36例,原位复发11例。结论 小肠肿瘤临床表现不典型,早期诊断困难,手术切除是主要的治疗手段。     

原发性心脏心包肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的；评价MRI在原发性心脏心包肿瘤诊断中的价值。资料与方法：回顾分析14例经手术病理或临床证实的原发性心脏心包肿瘤的MRI表现，并与ICG检查结果比较。结果：除1例右心房粘液瘤漏诊，1例定位错误外，其余定位和良恶性定性均正确，10例术前组织学定性正确，与MRI比较，UCG另有3例定位定性错误，结论：MRI对心腔内肿瘤不仅定位准确，还多可定性；对肌壁肿瘤的良，恶性区别也有重要价值。对心包肿瘤多因其好发部位与特殊信号诊断不难，MRI是诊断和评价原发性心脏心包肿瘤重要的影像检查方法。     

原发性心脏心包肿瘤的MRI诊断分析

目的：分析原发性心脏心包肿瘤的ＭＲＩ所见，评价ＭＲＩ对本病诊断的意义。材料和方法：１４例原发性心脏心包肿瘤均经ＭＲ检查，男９例，女５例。年龄６个月～６４岁，平均４４岁，其中儿童２例。１４例中８例经手术病理证实６例经ＭＲ和超声诊断。所有病例ＭＲ扫描前均有Ｘ线平片检查。结果：１４例心脏心包肿瘤中心腔内肿瘤５例，证实为粘液瘤，４例位于左房，１例位于左室。肌壁肿瘤６例，１例证实为淋巴管瘤。心包肿瘤３例，２例证实为脂肪瘤和间皮肉瘤。结论：ＭＲ对心脏心包肿瘤具有诊断价值，更适于全面观察肿瘤对心肌的浸润和向腔内外扩散及其与心旁肿瘤的鉴别     

经单侧鼻腔经蝶显微手术切除脑垂体腺瘤

目的：研究分析经单侧鼻腔、经蝶显微手术切除垂体腺瘤的手术操作及术后处理,方法：对45例不同大小垂体腺瘤采用经鼻蝶手术,均行CT扫描及内分泌检查,其中肿瘤高径1．0－3．5cm者39例,视力视野障碍者34例,发生瘤卒中2例。结果：行肿瘤全切35例,大部分切除8例,部分切除2例,无死亡,经3个月－4．5年（平均2．1年）随访,无肿瘤复发,大部或部分切除者保持稳定。结论：经单侧鼻腔、经蝶显微手术切除3．5cm以内的垂体腺瘤是一种安全有效的方法。     

10例原发性气管肿瘤的外科诊断及手术治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗原发性气管肿瘤的临床经验。方法回顾分析本院1993年10月～2010年1月收治的10例气管肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验。结果本组鳞癌3例,腺癌3例,腺鳞癌1例,良性肿瘤3例;临床治愈9例,术后3d死亡1例。本组3例鳞癌患者分别于手术后3年和8个月复发死亡;3例腺癌,1例术后1年出现肺转移,另2例存活10个月。结论手术切除是治疗气管肿瘤最有效的方法：（1）纤维支气管镜检查与多排CT增强三维成像对确定气管肿瘤范围有互补作用;（2）充分的术前呼吸道准备,是术中安全、术后顺利康复的保障;（3）手术者和麻醉医师密切配合,选择视野较宽的纤维支气管镜引导气管插管是麻醉安全的重要保障。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.