肠道粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的探讨肠道粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(Mucosa-assoc iated lymphoid tissue lymphom a,MAL-Tom a)的临床病理特征。方法对30例肠道MALTom a进行临床病理观察,采用S-P免疫组化法对其免疫表型进行分析。结果肠道MALTom a多见于老年人,无性别差异。好发于小肠,以回肠多见(46.6%)。以低度恶性多见(24例),累及淋巴结比率较低(16.7%),而高度恶性者少见(6例),累及淋巴结比率高(66.7%),二者间存在统计学差异,(P<0.05)。肠道MALTom a大体呈息肉型、溃疡型和浸润型,以息肉型多见。组织学表现仿效正常的粘膜相关淋巴组织的结构,可见淋巴滤泡,形态上类似滤泡中心细胞,常伴浆细胞分化,肿瘤细胞有亲上皮性,常侵入上皮形成特殊的淋巴上皮病变。免疫组化染色显示为单克隆B淋巴细胞来源。结论肠道MALTom a以小肠多发,常为低度恶性,组织学上具有淋巴滤泡、浆细胞分化以及淋巴上皮病变等特征性病理改变。     

子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤的临床病理特征。方法:对27例子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤的临床资料和病理特征进行回顾性分析。结果:27例子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤于宫腔镜下未能确诊,经病理检查明确诊断。其中息肉样腺肌瘤15例,由富含平滑肌组织的基质包绕大小和形态不等的子宫内膜腺体,但无不典型性改变;非典型性息肉样腺肌瘤12例,由杂乱无章的不规则腺体构成,具有明显的腺体结构复杂性和细胞非典型性,可见鳞状上皮化生。结论:子宫内膜息肉样腺肌瘤具有特异的病理特征,为良性病变,但是非典型性息肉样腺肌瘤存在低度恶性潜能,需完整切除肿物,防止复发,且应严密随诊。     

3179例宫颈息肉样病变临床病理分析

目的：了解宫颈息肉样病变的病理类型。方法：对３１７９例宫颈息肉样病变进行临床病理分析，按病理组织学形态特点进行分类。结果：９８．９９％病例为宫颈息肉，其中腺性息肉３２．７３％、单纯型３０．７９％、纤维肉芽组织型２７．２％、血管瘤样型６．５１％、淋巴组织增生型２．５１％、微腺管型０．２５％。本组另一类为肿瘤性病变，仅占１．０１％，多为恶性肿瘤。结论：在诊断宫颈息肉时要注意与息肉样改变的真性肿瘤鉴别，     

子宫颈原发性淋巴上皮瘤样癌8例临床病理分析

目的：探讨子宫颈原发性淋巴上皮瘤样癌( lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, LELC)的临床病理特征、组织学形态、鉴别诊断及预后。方法收集8例子宫颈原发性LELC的临床病理资料,行HE染色、免疫组化标记及原位杂交检测。结果8例子宫颈原发性LELC患者发病年龄29~67岁,平均年龄44岁,临床分期均为玉B,淋巴结均无转移。眼观：5例子宫颈肿物呈菜花状,1例呈息肉样,其余呈浸润性增厚。镜下见肿瘤由未分化的大细胞组成,散在或成片巢状、条索状分布。瘤细胞呈卵圆形或多角形,细胞核空泡状,核膜清楚,可见1个或数个突出的嗜酸性核仁,细胞界限不清,呈“合体样冶分布。瘤细胞间被丰富的淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。免疫表型：CK阳性率100%,p63阳性率37.5%,p16阳性率62.5%,CK5/6阳性率75%,Ki-67增殖指数10%~30%,间质淋巴细胞以CD3和CD8阳性表达为主。原位杂交检测EBER阴性,1例间质淋巴细胞弱阳性。电话随访截止2013年6月,1例死亡,其余7例均存活。结论子宫颈原发性LELC罕见,其是一种具有独特组织学形态的恶性肿瘤,临床预后较好,明确诊断依靠病理组织学和免疫组化标记。     

血管淋巴样增生伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多症临床病理观察

目的：探讨血管淋巴样增生伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多症(angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinopilia, ALHE)的临床病理学特征、免疫组织化学染色(immunohistochemical stain,IHC)及鉴别诊断。方法：对3例ALHE进行临床病理分析及免疫组化研究,并进行文献复习。结果：2例ALHE为女性患者,1例为男性患者,病变位于头面部真皮内,组织形态以小到中等大小血管增生为主,血管内衬胞浆丰富的上皮样内皮细胞,血管周围见大量炎细胞浸润。免疫组化染色显示CD34、CD31、CD3阳性,CD20及CK阴性。结论：ALHE是一种少见的、良性的血管瘤,诊断主要依靠特征性组织学特点。     

儿童肠道息肉样肿物813例临床病理分析

目的：探讨儿童肠道息肉样肿物的临床特征及病理类型。方法对813例肠道息肉样肿物组织行HE染色,部分病例行免疫组化、EBER原位杂交和c-myc基因检测,并对患儿进行随访。结果813例患儿中男童605例,女童208例;发病年龄0.5~14岁,平均5.45岁,中位年龄5岁;发病部位：直肠586例,结肠191例,回盲部12例,回肠8例,多部位16例。病理类型：幼年性息肉788例,幼年性息肉病5例,Peutz-Jeghers息肉7例,伯基特淋巴瘤6例,炎性息肉3例,肠源性囊肿2例,幼年性息肉与炎性息肉并存和绒毛状腺瘤各1例。结论儿童肠道息肉以男童多见,病理类型以幼年性息肉为主。息肉类型与发病部位有一定的关系,对息肉进行病理分型有助于临床进一步检查和治疗。     

微结节性胸腺瘤伴淋巴样间质3例临床病理观察

目的:探讨微结节性胸腺瘤伴淋巴样间质(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理特征.方法:通过组织学和免疫组织化学方法观察3例MNT,研究其临床病理特征,并复习文献.结果:肿瘤有纤维性假包膜,肿块内见多发性散在或局部融合的上皮性结节,由丰富淋巴细胞间质分隔,其中可见淋巴滤泡形成.上皮性结节由温和的细长形或卵圆形细胞组成,核仁不明显,结节内淋巴细胞稀少.免疫组织化学:上皮性结节内上皮细胞CKpan,CK5/6,CK19,CK8/18均阳性,Ki67约2%阳性,CD20,EMA阴性;间隔内淋巴细胞CD20,CD3,CD5,CD99,TdT均灶区阳性,p53,CD1α均散在阳性;淋巴细胞背景内CK5/6,C8/18,EMA均阴性.结论:MNT是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,目前WHO归于交界性,有特殊的发病部位和形态学表现,组织学及免疫组织化学有助于该肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

一级子宫内膜样腺癌累及腺肌病临床病理分析

目的探讨子宫内膜一级子宫内膜样腺癌(endometri-oid adenocarcinoma,EA)累及腺肌病(adenomyosis,AM)的临床病理特点及鉴别诊断。方法观察2例子宫内膜一级EA累及AM的临床病理和免疫组织化学特点,并复习相关文献。结果 2例患者均为中年妇女,年龄分别为47、52岁,表现为进行性痛经伴月经量增多和经期延长,彩色超声示子宫内膜增厚、子宫增大伴肌壁间不均匀回声。病理检查:大体观察子宫增大,子宫壁增厚,子宫体底部子宫内膜局限型结节状和息肉状肿块。镜下为子宫内膜无肌层侵犯的一级EA,肌层内受癌累及AM腺体与子宫内膜EA形态一致,呈膨胀式扩张推挤周围平滑肌,肿瘤周边可见子宫内膜间质细胞;同时肌层内见未被癌累及的腺体和间质细胞。免疫组化:受癌累及的AM腺体周围及肿瘤周边子宫内膜间质细胞CD10(+),desmin(-)。结论一级EA累及AM确诊主要依靠组织学和免疫组化,病理诊断容易误诊为EA肌层侵犯或AM恶变,应引起注意。     

Castleman病临床病理分析并文献复习

目的探讨Castleman病(Castleman’s disease,CD)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对10例CD进行临床资料分析、病理形态学观察及免疫组化检测,并复习相关文献。结果 10例CD中,8例为单中心型,2例为多中心型;6例为透明血管型,1例为浆细胞型,3例为混合型。免疫表型:所有病例中BCL-6和CD10均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数均≤30%。10例患者中4例有完整的随访资料,其中1例为混合型,3例为透明血管型,手术切除后均痊愈,未复发。结论 CD是一种少见的、病因不明的淋巴组织增生性疾病,术前临床诊断有一定困难。免疫表型特征是否为CD患者免疫功能异常的反映,及其在CD发病机制上起何种作用,仍需进一步深入分析。     

多发性淋巴瘤性息肉病型套细胞淋巴瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨大肠多发性淋巴瘤性息肉病(MLP)型套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)的临床病理与免疫组化特点。方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法确定1例肠道MLP／MCL的免疫表型，抗体包括CD5、CD10、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD79α、bcl-6、bcl-2、CD23、CD43、cyclinD1等。结果 末端回肠、右半结肠、直肠分别见多发性息肉。镜下见肿瘤性淋巴细胞呈弥漫型及结节型生长。瘤细胞表达全B细胞标记，CD5 ，CD10-，cyclinD1 ，CD43 ，CD23-，bcl-6-，bcl-2 。结论 MLP是一种罕见的独特的胃肠道恶性淋巴瘤，几乎均为MCL，具有特殊的免疫表型，需与其他类型B细胞淋巴瘤鉴别。MLP具有侵袭性生物学行为，预后较差，应按中高级别恶性淋巴瘤给予系统性联合化疗。     

血管中心性胶质瘤临床病理学特征及相关文献复习

目的探讨血管中心性胶质瘤(angiocentric glioma,AG)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法收集首都医科大学宣武医院病理科诊断的12例AG,回顾性分析患者的临床资料、病理学特征及预后,并复习相关文献。结果12例患者均有难治性癫痫病史,平均发病年龄9岁(2.8~24岁)。头颅核磁共振(MRI)表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI/FLAIR高信号,未见明显强化。组织学特点为均一的双极细胞,沿血管轴排列形成血管周围假菊形团。AG中GFAP、vimentin均阳性,肿瘤细胞中EMA、D2-40呈胞质弥漫阳性或核旁点灶阳性,EMA和D2-40的阳性率分别为91.7%(11/12)和100%(12/12);NeuN、IDH1 R132H、L1CAM、BRAF V600E和H3K27M均阴性。Ki-67的增殖指数为1%~5%。术后影像学检查示患者肿瘤均完整切除。随访14~110个月,患者均无癫痫发作及肿瘤复发。结论AG是以癫痫发病、生长缓慢的肿瘤,手术切除效果良好。     

肠血管活性多肽或生长抑素对大鼠肠淋巴细胞在肠淋巴组织分布的影响

目的：观察肠血管活性多肽（VIP）或生长抑素（SST）对大鼠肠淋巴细胞归巢至肠相关淋巴组织（GALT）的影响。方法：从肠系膜淋巴管插管引流淋巴液，淋巴细胞经VIP和SST体外孵育后，用^51Cr标记，将^51Cr-肠淋巴细胞朋股静脉回输入大鼠体内。取出各组织、器官，用γ计数器检测其放射性活度。结果：生理状况下，约10％^51Cr-肠淋巴细胞在短期内归巢至GALT。经VIP或SST孵育的^51Cr-肠淋巴细胞回输入大鼠体内后，在肠系膜淋巴结（1．85％，1．60％）用Peyer结（1.83%,1.56%)分布的百分比显著低于对照组（3．83％，3．85％），P＜0．05）。2种多肽对^51Cr-肠淋巴细胞在小肠弥散淋巴组织的分布无明显影响。结论：VIP或SST对大鼠肠淋巴细胞归巢至Peyer结和肠系膜淋巴结有一定的抑制作用。     

High-grade non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma complicating polypoid nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the intestine

Three patients with multiple lymphoid polyps of the small intestine--two with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and one with multiple lymphomatous polyposis--developed high-grade B-cell lymphomas. A literature search has revealed only 10 previous cases of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia complicated by lymphoma and none of an association between multiple lymphomatous polyposis and high-grade lymphoma.     

胆囊粘膜相关型淋巴瘤4例临床病理观察及文献复习

目的：探讨胆囊粘膜相关型淋巴瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及其发病机制。方法：手术切除标本常规石蜡切片和免疫组化ＡＢＣ法标记。结果：４例胆囊ＭＡＬＴ－ＭＬ均 反应性滤泡。免疫表型：４例ＬＣＡ、Ｌ２６均呈阳性ＩｇＭ／ｋ３例,ＩｇＧ／λ１例,ｂｃｌ－２阳性３例。结论：胆囊ＭＡＬＴ－ＭＬ大多为低度恶性,以手术治疗为主。临床应积极控制胆囊慢性炎性病变,防止产生获得性ＭＡＬＴ,进一步发展为ＭＡＬＴ－ＭＬ。     

Basal cell carcinoma in a patient with intestinal polyposis

A 22-year-old female, with multiple polyposis of the colon and two central nervous system tumors, also suffered from recurrent basal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this report is to alert physicians to the possibility that basal cell carcinoma occurring at an unusually young age may be another manifestation of the familial polyposis syndromes.     

A case report of an uncommon phaeoid fungal infection in nasal polyposis and review of literature

Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory condition of mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses with unknown aetiology. Massive nasal polyps can obstruct the nasal cavity causing discomfort and lowered quality of life. Thus, aetiological diagnosis is important for treatment, especially in recurrent nasal polyposis. We present a rare case of pansinusitis with bilateral ethmoidal polyps caused by an unusual phaeoid fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a 65-year-old immunocompetent male from a rural background. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic nasal examination; high resolution computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, detection of fungal hyphae in 10% potassium hydroxide wet mount and culture.     

Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphoid infiltration: case report and review of the literature

Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphoid infiltration is a rare and unusual pathological finding. Only 13 cases have been reported in English literature. A case of uterine leiomyoma showing massive lymphoid infiltration in a 45-year-old woman is described. The tumor was relatively soft compared with usual leiomyomas. Microscopically, the tumor showed the typical features of leiomyoma with moderate to severe lymphocytic infiltrate consisting of mature lymphocytes, a few plasma cells and occasional histiocytes. This cellular infiltration was confined to the leiomyoma. Immunohistochemically, the diffusely infiltrated lymphoid cells were stained by antibodies to CD45RO, CD3 and CD8. Germinal centers were stained by antibodies to CD20 and CD79a. Some CD68+ histiocytes were seen. Lymphoid infiltration within the leiomyoma is a peculiar histological morphology, although the cause is not clear. The recognition of its distinct histological features is important to avoid possible confusion with differential diagnoses including malignant lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumor and pyomyoma.     

Metaplastic polyps and polyposis of the colorectum

Five hundred and fifty-four colorectal metaplastic polyps have been studied histologically. Whilst most lesions were small and sessile, 16.1% measured greater than 0.5 cm in diameter and 0.9% were greater than 1 cm. The larger polyps were frequently pedunculated and occasionally showed a tubulo-villous or villous pattern. A structural similarity between the larger metaplastic polyps and colorectal adenomas is illustrated and the importance of the distinction of metaplastic from dysplastic epithelium in the differentiation of these lesions is stressed. Other unusual features of metaplastic polyps are described. Evidence is given to suggest that males have a greater propensity to develop metaplastic polyps than females. A search for metaplastic-like areas in other colorectal polyps revealed that they are rare (0.6%) in adenomas, but relatively frequent (20.8%) in juvenile polyps. Finally, seven patients with multiple metaplastic polyps of the colorectum are described, in whom a diagnosis of adenomatous polyposis had been made at some stage in their management. Six of the seven patients were males and the mean age at presentation was 37.4 years. Larger metaplastic polyps were frequent in these cases. The necessity for histological confirmation in all cases of intestinal polyposis is stressed, and the possibility that 'metaplastic polyposis' is a pathological entity is discussed.     

Lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, including mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

AIMS: Lymphomatous polyposis (LP) is considered to represent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, a few reports have suggested that some are follicular lymphoma (FL) or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. In this study, we analysed 35 patients and clarified the clinicopathological features of LP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically and analysed by tissue-fluorescence in situ hybridization (T-FISH) for IGH/CCND1 (cyclin D1) and IGH/BCL2. The average age of the patients was 58.3 years. Over half of the cases showed gastric, duodenal, small intestinal, ileocaecal and sigmoid colonic lesions (15, 19, 15, 16 and 16 cases, respectively). Phenotypically, cases were classified into three types of MCL (cyclin D1+ CD5+ CD10-) (n=12), FL (cyclin D1- CD5- CD10+) (n=14) and MALT (cyclin D1- CD5- CD10-) (n=9). T-FISH identified 11 of the 11 examined cases with MCLs to have IGH/CCND1, while seven of 10 cases with FL had IGH/BCL2, and none of the MALT cases were positive for IGH/CCND1 or IGH/BCL2. At the study endpoint, five of 12 patients with MCL were dead, two of 14 with FL and one of nine with MALT were dead of other disease. Event-free survival analysis showed significantly poorest outcome in MCL, followed by FL, while MALT was associated with a favourable outcome (P=0.0040). CONCLUSIONS: Our study emphasizes the importance of differentiating MCL, FL and MALT of LP in evaluating prognosis and hence the most suitable therapeutic regimen.     

Gastric polyps and polyposis syndromes

Gastric polyps show significant morphologic overlap, and some polyps defy classification altogether. Nevertheless, gastric polyps, particularly when profuse, should prompt further clinical and endoscopic investigation, as it may lead to the diagnosis of a polyposis syndrome. This review summarizes the common gastric polyps that are found in familial and non-inherited polyposis syndromes of the gastrointestinal tract. Examples of the gastric polyps are illustrated, and a discussion of polyp morphology and distribution is paired with a discussion of relevant clinical features and diagnostic criteria of polyposis syndromes. This information provides pathologists guidance for further patient workup, genetic testing, and cancer surveillance.