捆绑式胰管对黏膜吻合术

目的 研究一种与捆绑式胰肠吻合术和捆绑式胰胃吻合术互补的术式--捆绑式胰管对黏膜吻合术的可行性.方法 (1)动物实验:对6只成年新西兰兔行胃肠造瘘术,两个造瘘口分别用导尿管、硅胶管、输液器管作为支撑管连接,导管两端分别置入胃腔与肠腔内,造瘘口荷包缝合,胃壁与肠壁浆膜层拉拢缝合周定.观察胃肠造瘘口处渗漏及愈合情况,显微镜下观察胃黏膜与空肠黏膜愈合情况.(2)临床实践:对7例患者施行捆绑式胰管对黏膜吻合术.手术方法包括:胰端的准备、肠侧的准备、胰断端与空肠对合固定的准备、吻合的实施、最后施行胰断端与空肠的对合固定.术后定期检测腹腔内引流管和血淀粉酶以及各种并发症的情况.胰漏按来源不同分为胰腺实质漏(胰创面漏)和吻合口漏两种.结果 动物实验结果显示愈合良好.临床全部病例均未出现吻合口漏,但有2例腹腔内引流液淀粉酶出现一过性增高,引流量均未超过50 ml/d,未影响患者康复,属于胰腺实质漏(胰腺创面漏).结论 捆绑式胰管对黏膜吻合术是一种简单安全的吻合方法,给外科医生提供了一种新的选择,以便在面对不同的患者时,能够灵活采用不同的方法去取得最理想的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To study the feasibility of binding pancreatic duct to mucosa anastomosis (BDM)-a complementary procedure to both binding pancreaticojejunostomy and binding pancreaticogastrostomy. Methods (1) Animal experimental study: gastrostomy and jejunostomy were performed on six adult New Zealand rabbits. The gastrostomy and jejunostomy shared a same stent (rubber urethral catheter, silicone tube or plastic infusion tube). Both ends of the stent were placed in gastric and enteric cavity. Purse-string suture was performed around the stent before the jejunum and the stomach were brought together for fixation by few stitches. And to observe whether the purse-string suture around a plastic tube,rubber tube or silicon tube inserted into jejunum and/or stomach can prevent leaking out of the jejunal or gastric content to cause peritonitis. (2)Clinically 7 patients were performed with BDM anastomosis. The procedure was consisted of five steps: preparation of the pancreatic stump; preparation of the jejunum;preparation of the fixing sutures between the pancreatic stump and the jejunum; implementation of the anastomosis; lastly, fixation of the jejunum beside the pancreas stump. Post-operative periodic examination of the blood amylase and the amylase in the abdominal drainage. Pancreatic fistula was classified in to two categories: parenchymal fistula (pancreatic cut surface fistula) and anastomotic leakage. Results Animal experiment did not show any leakage around the plastic tube or silicon tube inserted into jejunum and(or) stomach. There was no anastomotic leak in all the patients. There was transient increase of amylase in two cases, but the volume of drainage did not exceed 50 ml/d and the recovery of the patients was not affected.Conclusions BDM is a simple, safe and easy procedure to perform. It provides to the surgeons with a new option in different situations to achieve the most ideal surgical result.     

保留空肠黏膜与胰肠直接套入在胰肠吻合术的临床研究

Objective To investigate the pancreaticoenterostomy technique using end to end anastomosis of remianing pancreas and jejunum with jejunum mucus preserved. Methods 28 cases underwent pancreatectomy were observed and analyzed from May 2005 to August 2009. There were 26 cases underwent duodenopancreatectomy and 2 cases underwent the pancreatectomy of pancreas body and tail. All cases used the end to end pancreaticoenterostomy, remnant pancreas was directly anastomosed with jejunum without destroy of jejunal mucosa. During the operation, 2.0 cm～2.5 cm long remnant of pancreas was pulled into jejunum without mucosa destroyed. Then, the cut end of the jejunum was fixed on the pancreatic remnant correspondingly by interrupted suture. Finally, a 7-silk suture was used to bind the jejunum and the pancreatic remnant together 1 cm away from the cut surface of the pancreatic remnant. Results 1 case underwent operated again due to bleeding of the pancreatic remnant. 28 patients recovered and discharged from hospital without having the complication of pancreatic fistula. Conclusions Because of the complicated suturation methods, the conventional pancreaticoenterostomy consumes more time. But it still has rather high incidence of pancreatic fistula.The new pancreaticoenterostomy which we used can shorten the operating time and integrity and binding stomas. It is effective to lower the incidence of pancreatic fistula.     

保留空肠黏膜与胰肠直接套入在胰肠吻合术的临床研究

Objective To investigate the pancreaticoenterostomy technique using end to end anastomosis of remianing pancreas and jejunum with jejunum mucus preserved. Methods 28 cases underwent pancreatectomy were observed and analyzed from May 2005 to August 2009. There were 26 cases underwent duodenopancreatectomy and 2 cases underwent the pancreatectomy of pancreas body and tail. All cases used the end to end pancreaticoenterostomy, remnant pancreas was directly anastomosed with jejunum without destroy of jejunal mucosa. During the operation, 2.0 cm～2.5 cm long remnant of pancreas was pulled into jejunum without mucosa destroyed. Then, the cut end of the jejunum was fixed on the pancreatic remnant correspondingly by interrupted suture. Finally, a 7-silk suture was used to bind the jejunum and the pancreatic remnant together 1 cm away from the cut surface of the pancreatic remnant. Results 1 case underwent operated again due to bleeding of the pancreatic remnant. 28 patients recovered and discharged from hospital without having the complication of pancreatic fistula. Conclusions Because of the complicated suturation methods, the conventional pancreaticoenterostomy consumes more time. But it still has rather high incidence of pancreatic fistula.The new pancreaticoenterostomy which we used can shorten the operating time and integrity and binding stomas. It is effective to lower the incidence of pancreatic fistula.     

323例简化捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床疗效

目的 探讨简化捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2010年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院实施根治性胰十二指肠切除术治疗323例壶腹部周围癌患者的临床资料.胰肠吻合均采用简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合:胰腺断端游离3～4 cm;将6号或8号硅胶导尿管插入胰管内4～5 cm,胰腺断端外硅胶管为6～8 cm,用可吸收缝线将其缝合固定在胰腺断端上;胰腺断端交锁缝合止血.将空肠断端外翻2～3 cm,电灼损伤黏膜1 cm;回复外翻空肠,在空肠断端的系膜及其对侧和两者的中点与胰腺的下缘、上缘及其之间的胰腺被膜各对称性地缝合1针;并将空肠套在胰腺断端后打结固定.在确定空肠完整地套在胰腺游离段上后,用1-0可吸收线将空肠断端捆绑在胰腺游离段上.消化道重建均采用Child法.结果 323例患者顺利完成了简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合;1例胰肠吻合口出血患者于缝扎出血点后第3天发生胰瘘,置管引流出院1个月后自行痊愈.2例胆总管下端癌和2例胰腺钩突部癌患者分别于术后3、6和8、11 d发生胰瘘,经引流等保守治疗后痊愈.胰瘘发生率为1.5%(5/323).结论 简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合简单易行、安全、可靠,可明显降低胰瘘的发生率.     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术后预防胰肠吻合口漏的临床价值。方法按照彭淑牖教授设计的胰肠捆绑式吻合法进行胰肠吻合,游离胰腺断端3cm．胰管内置硅胶管,两者用丝线固定,空肠3cm处断端用电凝或石炭酸破坏其粘膜,胰断端套入空肠内3cm,空肠断端与就近胰包膜缝合4针,并用生物蛋白胶外涂一周。距空肠断面约l～2cm处用粗丝线环绕空肠壁捆绑一道,使空肠壁与胰腺紧密相贴。结果经过连续17例临床应用,均未发生胰瘘．恢复顺利。结论本法操作方便,简单,是胰肠吻合理想的手术方式,值得推广。     

胰管结石的分型和治疗

Objective To explore the classification and surgical management of pancreatic duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with pancreatic duct stones who were admitted to the People's Hospital of Hunan Province from June 1994 to November 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Stones were found in the head of the pancreas (type Ⅰ ) in 31 patients, in the body and tail of the pancreas (type Ⅱ ) in 7 patients, and in all the pancreas (type Ⅲ ) in 16 patients. According to the types of the pancreatic duct stones, ten patients (6 with type Ⅰ , two with type Ⅱ and two with type Ⅲ pancreatic duct stones) received opening of the main pancreatic duct + pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy ( group A). Twenty-four patients ( 16 with type Ⅰ and eight with type Ⅲ pancreatic duct stones) received pancreaticoduodenectomy (group B). Fifteen patients (nine with type Ⅰ and six with type Ⅱ pancreatic duct stones) received subtotal resection of pancreatic head preserving duodenum (group C). Five patients with type Ⅱ pancreatic duct stones received resection of the body and tail of the pancreas and the spleen (group D). All data were analyzed using the t test. Results The mean operation time, blood loss, length of postoperative stay and hospital charges of group A were (2.2 ± 1.2)hours,( 127 ±24)ml,( 11.4 ±4.3) days and (3.24 ± 1.15 ) × 104 yuan, respectively. Five out of nine patients who were followed up had stone recurrence. The mean operation time, blood loss, length of postoperative stay and hospital charges of group B were (7.6 ± 1.1 ) hours, (409 ± 37 ) ml, ( 18.9 ± 2.5 ) days and (7.93 ± 1.35 ) × 104 yuan, respectively.No stone recurrence was detected in the 21 patients who were followed up. The mean operation time, blood loss,length of postoperative stay and hospital charges of group C were (4. 1 ± 0.7 ) hours, ( 156 ± 63 ) ml, ( 10.3 ±2.1 )days and (4. 12 ± 1.22) × 104 yuan, respectively. No stone recurrence was detected in the 15 patients who were followed up. The mean operation time, blood loss, length of postoperative stay and hospital charges of group D were (3.3 ± 1.4) hours, ( 185 ± 36 ) ml, ( 9.3 ± 2.0) days and ( 3.22 ± 1.05 ) × 104 yuan, respectively. No complication was detected after the operation, and no stone recurrence was detected in the three patients who were followed up. There were significant differences in the mean operation time, blood loss, length of postoperative stay and hospital charges between patients with type Ⅰ and Ⅲ pancreatic duct stones who received pancreaticoduodenectomy and subtotal resection of pancreatic head preserving duodenum (t = 12. 143, 14. 099, 11. 550, 9. 103,P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Classification of the pancreatic duct stones is important for choosing the proper surgical procedure. Subtotal resection of pancreatic head preserving duodenum is ideal for the treatment of patients with type Ⅰ or Ⅱ pancreatic duct stones.     

根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响

目的 评价根据胰管直径等因素选择的不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响,为胰肠吻合方式的选择决策提供依据.方法 回顾性分析我院在2010年1月至2013年1月间行胰十二指肠切除术305例患者的临床资料.对于胰管直径≥3 mm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合（胰管空肠吻合组,120例）;对于胰管直径＜3 mm者,进一步比较胰腺残端与空肠管径的直径大小,若胰腺残端较粗大,且大于空肠管径者采用改良Child胰肠吻合（改良Child胰肠吻合组,80例）,若胰腺残端直径小于空肠管径者选择捆绑式胰肠吻合（捆绑式胰肠吻合组,105例）.比较不同胰肠吻合方式术后并发症的发生率,评价临床疗效.结果 胰管空肠黏膜吻合组胰管直径显著大于其他两组（P＜ 0.05）,改良Child胰肠吻合组胰腺残端直径明显大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组（P＜0.05）.本组研究总体胰瘘发生率为11.1％ （34/305）.比较三组患者术后胰瘘、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化功能异常、平均住院时间及术后死亡,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.51,2.78,1.16,3.75,1.94,F=2.13,P＞0.05）.结论 在行胰十二指肠切除术时,可以根据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径及空肠管径合理选择不同的胰肠吻合方式.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合口的重建

胰肠吻合口的重建是胰十二指肠切除术中重要的组成步骤,也是影响其成败的关键。根据重建方式的不同,主要分为胰腺-空肠吻合和胰胃吻合。根据胰腺残端与空肠吻合位置的不同,分为端端吻合和端侧吻合。在目前的随机对照研究中,胰腺-空肠吻合和胰胃吻合在胰漏的发生率方面无明显的差异。捆绑式胰肠和捆绑式胰胃吻合分别建立在经典胰肠（胃）吻合的基础上,操作简便,预防胰肠吻合口瘘效果确切。胰肠吻合口成功与否的影响因素包括胰腺质地和胰管大小等,胰管支撑管的放置可能有助于减少胰肠吻合口瘘的发生。胰十二指肠切除术中的消化道重建,应遵循简单、有效的原则,才能将胰肠吻合口瘘的发生减至最低。     

Surgical management of transected injury to the pancreatic neck

Objective: To present a batch of data of transected pancreatic neck injuries and to sum up the experience insurgical interventions for the in juries. Methods. We analysed 13 patients with a transected injury to the pancreatic neck from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2000.External drainage was performed in all patients.Pancreatoduodenectomy was conducted in 2 patients with a transected injury to the pancreatic neck associated with duodenal ruptures, and TPN was administered immediately after operation. Proximal closure of the transected margin and distal pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in 4 patients. Proximal closure of the transected margin and distal pancreaticojejunostomy plus splenectomy was performed in 7 patients associated with contusion of pancreatic body or tail plus spleen rupture. Results : 12 patients healed and one patient died of anesthetic accident during the course of restoration of the dislocation of his right hip joint. Complicatious occurred in 7 patients. Conclusions: The operation should be performed according to the degree of the injuries and associated duodenal injuries. Routine drainage and nutrient support should be recommended.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式的选择策略

目的 评价胰肠吻合方式选择策略在胰十二指肠切除术中应用的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2012年6月第四军医大学西京医院收治的455例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.对于胰管直径≥4 mm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合术(胰管空肠黏膜吻合组,210例);对于胰管直径＜4 mm的患者,其胰肠吻合术式由胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径决定,空肠管腔口径＜胰腺残端直径者选择改良Child胰肠吻合(改良Child胰肠吻合组,140例),空肠管腔口径≥胰腺残端直径者选用捆绑式胰肠吻合(捆绑式胰肠吻合组,105例).比较分析各组临床疗效及术后并发症发生率.计数资料采用x2检验,计量资料采用t检验.结果 胰管空肠黏膜吻合组的胰管直径为(4.4±0.7)mm,显著大于改良Child胰肠吻合组的(2.8±0.6)mm和捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(2.3 ±0.7)mm(t =2.25,2.48,P＜0.05).改良Child胰肠吻合组胰腺残端直径为(36 ±5)mm,显著大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(21 ±6)mm(t =21.65,P＜0.05).总体胰液漏发生率为8.4％(38/455).3组患者胰液漏、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化功能异常、平均住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.53,0.88,1.63,5.34,F=2.53,P＞0.05).结论 在胰十二指肠切除术中根据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径合理选择胰肠吻合方式可取得较好的临床效果.     

荷包套入式胰空肠双重吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的介绍一种胰肠吻合术式在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用。方法总结1985年12月至2007年12月期间我院211例荷包套人式胰空肠双重吻合术的临床应用和研究结果。首先，主胰管内置导管并加以固定，并使其粗细相互匹配，距胰腺断端2～3cm用7号丝线结扎胰腺，迫使胰液不从胰腺断端流出；然后再行一层胰腺断端空肠环行吻合和胰腺空肠荷包套入式吻合，即双重吻合术，使胰腺与空肠更贴紧，便于愈合。结果211例患者无一例并发胰瘘，无围手术期死亡；发生切口裂开2例，胆瘘4例；肠系膜上动脉切断1例。结论采用荷包套人式胰空肠双重吻合术式，手术操作安全可靠，可避免胰瘘发生。     

胰肠吻合技术的研究进展

胰十二指肠切除术已成为治疗壶腹周围癌、胆总管下端癌以及胰头癌的首选手术方式,其中术后胰瘘是常见的严重并发症,选择适合的胰肠吻合方式,是减少术后胰瘘发生的关键。尽管对胰肠吻合技术进行了许多探索和改进,但胰瘘仍无法避免。笔者通过复习文献,对胰肠吻合技术的发展与改进方面做一综述。     

胰腺钩突部根治性完整切除的新方法(附306例报告)

目的 探讨壶腹部周围恶性肿瘤患者胰腺钩突部根治性完整切除的技巧和方法.方法 2005年3月至2010年3月共连续完成了306例壶腹部周围恶性肿瘤的根治性胰十二指肠切除(RPD),男性169例,女性137例;发病年龄37～79岁,平均58岁.其中胰头颈部肿瘤151例,胆总管下端肿瘤48例,壶腹部肿瘤55例,十二指肠乳头部肿瘤52例.采用肠系膜上血管交换和胰腺钩突部血流控制法顺利完成所有患者的钩突部根治性完整切除;消化道重建均采用Child法;胰肠吻合均采用简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合术.结果 306例接受RPD的患者中,手术时间4～6 h,出血量200～600 ml,无术中及术后胰腺钩突部位的出血.术后患者出血发生率和病死率分别为3.3%和0.9%;术后胰瘘和胆瘘发生率分别为1.6%和0.6%,胆瘘、胰瘘患者均在B超引导下经穿刺引流等保守治疗后痊愈.随访至2010年3月,未见因肠系膜上血管周围肿瘤复发死亡患者.结论 采用肠系膜上血管交换和胰腺钩突部血流控制法可顺利完成壶腹部周围恶性肿瘤患者胰腺钩突部的根治性完整切除;并可减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,减少肠系膜上静脉和(或)肠系膜上动脉的误切,可避免因胰腺钩突部残留引起的术后胰腺组织坏死脱落、感染和出血;还可从理论上减少肿瘤细胞播散的机会.     

Binding pancreaticojejunostomy is a new technique to minimize leakage

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) has been the standard treatment for periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma. A leak or fistula from the pancreatic anastomosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. In order to effectively prevent the development of pancreatic fistulae, we designed a special technique called binding pancreaticojejunostomy, by which 3 cm of the serosa-muscular sheath of the jejunum was bound to the pancreatic remnant. We have performed this procedure in 105 consecutive patients; none of the cases developed pancreatic fistula. It is a safe, simple, and efficient technique.     

The effect of bilateral U-sutures in pancreaticojejunostomy in 75 consecutive cases

Background: Various technical interventions have been suggested to decrease the frequency of postoperative pancreatic fistulas but the effect is not particularly satisfactory. We have analyzed our application of bilateral U-sutures in pancreaticojejunostomy.

Methods: The pancreatic stump is freed over approximately 2?cm, an appropriate diameter silicone catheter with 2–4 lateral holes was inserted into the remnant pancreatic duct (>2?mm in diameter is required) over 2–3?cm as a stent in 69 patients. In six patients with soft pancreas and very small pancreatic duct (<2?mm in diameter), the silicone catheter was not used. An incision was made on the side of the distal section of the jejunum and end-to-side an invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy was performed using bilateral U-sutures.

Results: Only two (2.67%) cases developed pancreatic ‘biochemical leaks’. None of the 75 patients developed grade B and grade C pancreatic leakage. The overall morbidity was 29.33%. The anastomosis time was 14?minutes on average. There were no symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia and diarrhea, and no dilatation of pancreatic duct was found by CT in 75 patients after discharge from hospital.

Conclusions: Bilateral U-sutures are a safe, simple, and effective technique in pancreaticojejunostomy, preventing the primary complication of anastomotic leakage, and worthy of wide use.     

Peng’s Binding Pancreaticojejunostomy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A French Prospective Study

Background

Pancreatic fistula (PF) is the single most important complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Recently, a 0% rate of PF was reported using a binding pancreaticojejunostomy with intussusception of the pancreatic stump. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of this new binding pancreaticojejunostomy in condition most susceptible to PF, i.e. soft pancreas and non-dilated main pancreatic duct.

Methods

Forty-five consecutive patients with soft pancreas and non-dilated main pancreatic duct underwent a binding pancreaticojejunostomy. Post-operative PF was defined according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula.

Results

Four patients (8.9%) developed a PF. In one case, PF developed on post-operative day 3 due to a technical deficiency. In the three other cases, pancreatic fistula developed after the tenth post-operative day; all the patients had local and/or general co-morbidities before PF occurrence.

Conclusions

Binding pancreaticojejunostomy according to Peng is a safe and secure technique that improves the rate of pancreatic fistula, especially in case of soft texture of the pancreas remnant. However, a 0% rate seems to be hard to achieve because other abdominal and general complications are frequent and can lead to secondary leakage of the pancreatic anastomosis.