First ray alignment in Lapidus arthrodesis – Effect on plantar pressure distribution and the occurrence of metatarsalgia

BackgroundLapidus arthrodesis is an established treatment option for severe hallux valgus deformity especially in patients suffering from instability of the first tarsometatarsal joint. Surgery related metatarsalgia is known to be associated with persistent elevation of the first ray after realignment surgery. Nevertheless, detailed information on ideal positioning of the first ray in Lapidus surgery is missing so far. This study was designed to determine any correlations between radiographic and pedobarographic outcome following the Lapidus procedure with regard to clinical outcome and the occurrence of metatarsalgia.MethodsThirty feet (28 patients) after Lapidus surgery were available for follow-up at 42.5 ± 21.0 months. All subjects had radiographic and pedobarographic evaluation of the operated foot and patient satisfaction was recorded using questionnaires.ResultsMetatarsalgia was associated with a poorer outcome in FADI and AOFAS scores (p < 0.005). A lateral shift of plantar pressure distribution to the third metatarsal head in these cases could be observed. Although Lapidus surgery resulted in significant shortening of the first metatarsal, no correlation to the occurrence of metatarsalgia was detectable. Likewise, axial plane malalignment showed no influence, whereas elevation of the first ray was highly correlated to surgery related metatarsalgia (p = 0.007). Subjects suffering from metatarsalgia had a higher BMI (body mass index), but its effect on metatarsalgia turned out not to be significant (p = 0.090).ConclusionIn Lapidus surgery realignment of the first metatarsal in the sagittal plane seems to be decisive for good clinical outcome. Failing to plantarflex the arthrodesis resulted in a lateral shift of plantar loading with overload of the lesser metatarsals and the occurrence of metatarsalgia.     

Shortening Proximal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy for Patients With a Hallux Valgus Deformity With Advanced Arthritis

To correct hallux valgus deformities in patients with advanced arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, we designed a new reverse chevron-type shortening osteotomy technique that could be used to correct valgus deformities at the proximal metatarsal level, as well as shorten and lower the metatarsal, in a 1-time procedure. Sixteen feet in 16 patients with a minimum of 18 months follow-up who underwent a shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for a hallux valgus deformity with advanced arthritic change between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed in this study. Double chevron osteotomies with 20° of plantar-ward obliquity at the proximal metatarsal level were made at 5-mm intervals for simultaneous valgus correction and metatarsal shortening. An additional Weil osteotomy of the second metatarsal was performed in all feet. Patients’ mean age was 57.88 ± 6.55 years. The deformity was satisfactorily corrected by the operation. The first metatarsal was shortened by approximately 8.75 mm, and the relative length of the second metatarsal did not differ significantly postoperatively (p?=?.179). The relative second metatarsal height, as seen on forefoot axial radiographs, was maintained constantly, with no significant difference (p?=?.215). No painful plantar callosity or transfer metatarsalgia under the second metatarsal head was observed postoperatively. A shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities with advanced arthritic change showed a good result with respect to deformity correction and pain relief. Appropriate lowering and an additional Weil osteotomy effectively prevented postoperative pain and painful callosity under the second metatarsal head.     

Maintenance of Correction of First Metatarsal Closing Base Wedge Osteotomies Versus Modified Lapidus Arthrodesis for Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity

A retrospective radiographic review of 57 feet was conducted to compare maintenance of correction of the modified Lapidus arthrodesis with the first metatarsal closing base wedge osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity. Radiographic parameters were measured on the preoperative, early postoperative, and greater than 11-month postoperative weightbearing radiographs. These measurements included the intermetatarsal angle, the hallux abductus angle, and the tibial sesamoid position. The patients who underwent the closing base wedge osteotomy had an average initial intermetatarsal correction of 10.4 degrees; for the modified Lapidus arthrodesis, it was 7.6 degrees. The patients who underwent the closing base wedge osteotomy had an average loss of intermetatarsal correction of 2.55 degrees from early to late postoperative radiographs; for the modified Lapidus arthrodesis, it was 1.08 degrees. Our results demonstrated that the modified Lapidus arthrodesis maintains correction to a greater degree than the first metatarsal closing base wedge osteotomy with statistical significance (P = .0039). Both the modified Lapidus arthrodesis and the first metatarsal closing base wedge osteotomy are effective procedures with respect to degree of radiographic correction for moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.     

Observed Changes in Radiographic Measurements of the First Ray after Frontal and Transverse Plane Rotation of the Hallux: Does the Hallux Drive the Metatarsal in a Bunion Deformity?

It is well known that the pathologic positions of the hallux and the first metatarsal in a bunion deformity are multiplanar. It is not universally understood whether the pathologic changes in the hallux or first metatarsal drive the deformity. We have observed that frontal plane rotation of the hallux can result in concurrent positional changes proximally in the first metatarsal in hallux abducto valgus. In the present study, we observed the changes in common radiographic measurements used to evaluate a bunion deformity in 5 fresh frozen cadaveric limbs. We measured the tibial sesamoid position, 1-2 intermetatarsal angle, and first metatarsal cuneiform angle on anteroposterior radiographs after frontal and transverse plane manipulation of the hallux. When the hallux was moved into an abducted and valgus position, a statistically significant increase was found in the tibial sesamoid position (p = .016). However, we did not observe a significant increase in the intermetatarsal angle (p = .070) or medial cuneiform angle (p = .309). When the hallux was manipulated into an adducted and varus position, a statistically significant decrease in the intermetatarsal angle (p = .02) and a decrease in the tibial sesamoid position (p = .016) was seen, with no significant change in the medial cuneiform angle (p = .360). We also observed a consistent rounding of the lateral aspect of the first metatarsal head and an increase in the concavity of the lateral metatarsal shaft, with valgus rotation of the hallux. From these observations, it is possible that the hallux could drive the proximal changes in the first ray that lead to metatarsus primus adducto valgus deformity.     

正常足与外翻足的足底压力研究

目的　对正常足与外翻足的足底压力进行测量。方法　运用自行研制的足底生物力学测试系统对30 名健康人60 足,45 例外翻患者89 足进行了行走时足底压力的测试。结果　重度外翻组31 足和正常组相比,第一跖骨头下压力明显减低( P< 0.001),第二跖骨头下压力明显增加(P< 0 .05),第三、五跖骨头下压力有增高的趋势。结论　正常人前足第一跖骨头下压力最高,并向外侧递减。重度外翻足前足第一跖骨头下压力明显减低,第二跖骨头下压力明显增高     

Relationship of Frontal Plane Rotation of First Metatarsal to Proximal Articular Set Angle and Hallux Alignment in Patients Undergoing Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis for Hallux Abducto Valgus: A Case Series and Critical Review of the Literature

Rotation of the first metatarsal, as a component of hallux abducto valgus, is rarely discussed and is not addressed as a component of most hallux valgus corrective procedures. We believe frontal plane rotation of the first metatarsal to be an integral component of hallux abducto valgus deformity (the “third plane of deformity”) and believe de-rotation is necessary for complete deformity correction. We observed the change in angular measurements commonly used in the evaluation of hallux valgus deformity in patients who underwent a modified lapidus procedure. We measured the intermetatarsal angle, hallux abductus angle, proximal articular set angle, and tibial sesamoid position on weightbearing radiographs of 25 feet in 24 patients who had undergone tarsal metatarsal corrective arthrodesis and lateral capsular release. Specific attention was given to reduction of the frontal plane rotation of the first metatarsal during correction. Our results showed a change in the angular measurements observed by 4 investigators as follows. The mean change in the intermetatarsal angle was 10.1° (p < .0001). The mean change in the hallux abductus angle was 17.8° (p < .0001). The mean change in the proximal articular set angle was 18.7° (p < .0001). The mean change in the tibial sesamoid position was 3.8 (p < .0001). Also, a consistent valgus, or everted position of the first metatarsal, was noted as a component of the hallux abducto valgus deformity in our patient population and was corrected by varus rotation or inversion of the metatarsal. We also reviewed the current literature related to anatomic changes in the first ray in the patient with hallux valgus deformity and reviewed our hypothesis regarding the reduction in the proximal articular set angle, which we believe to be related to frontal plane rotation of the first metatarsal, resulting in a radiographic artifact.     

Radiographic Outcomes Following Primary Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Hallux Abductovalgus Deformity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic outcomes of primary metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis for hallux abductovalgus deformities. Between January 2004 and March 2009, 56 consecutive patients (58 feet) underwent primary arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) for severe hallux abductovalgus deformity and or hallux rigidus. Results were assessed by primary radiographic outcome measurements (hallux valgus and first-second intermetatarsal angle). Overall, the mean hallux valgus (HA) angle improved significantly from 31.9° to 13.4° (P < .01). The mean first-second intermetatarsal (IM) angle correction was also signficantly reduced from 14.0° to 9.7° (P < .01). When separated by deformity group (mild, moderate, and severe), the mean hallux valgus and first-second intermetatarsal angles demonstrated statistically significant correction in all groups when comparing preoperative and postoperative values (P < .01). Primary arthrodesis provides predictable radiographic outcomes and effective correction for patients with differing severity of hallux abductovalgus deformity and arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A separate proximal osteotomy for severe metatarsus primus varus correction may not be necessary because of the correction achieved at the metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis level. The results of this study demonstrate that as the severity of the preoperative deformity increases, the amount of postoperative radiographic (HA and IM angle measurement) correction after MTPJ arthrodesis will improve correspondingly.     

Surgical treatment of severe hallux valgus: the state of practice among academic foot and ankle surgeons

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative procedures used for treatment of severe hallux valgus by academic foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States. METHODS: A patient with severe hallux valgus deformity was developed as a hypothetical case: a 50-year-old woman with a severe deformity (intermetatarsal angle = 20 degrees; hallux valgus angle = 42 degrees). The patient was symptomatic with pain, did not improve with conservative measures, and wanted the deformity corrected. This case was sent to academic foot and ankle surgeons in a survey to determine their preferred operative treatment for this case. The overall response rate was 84% (128 of 153). To be included in the study group each surgeon had to have 1) foot and ankle patients comprising 50% or more of his clinical practice and 2) direct responsibility for teaching orthopaedic residents. One hundred and five respondents met the inclusion criteria and formed the study group; however, three surveys with invalid responses were deleted. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent (54 of 102) of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 26% (26 of 102) a first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis, and 24% (24 of 102) a Lapidus procedure. Two respondents chose both an arthrodesis and a metatarsal osteotomy. Among the 54 respondents who chose metatarsal osteotomies, 24 used a Ludloff, 16 a proximal crescentic, eight a proximal chevron, two a scarf, two a distal chevron, and two other. In addition, secondary procedures to enhance the correction included a Weil osteotomy in 46% (47 of 102) and an Akin osteotomy in 30% (31 of 102). CONCLUSIONS: There was a wide variation in the type of procedure used to correct this severe hallux valgus deformity; approximately 50% of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 25% chose a first MTP joint arthrodesis, and 25% a Lapidus procedure.     

Intrasubject Radiographic Progression of Hallux Valgus Deformity in Patients With and Without Metatarsus Adductus: Bilateral Asymmetric Hallux Valgus Deformity

This study was to analyze intrasubject radiographic progression of the hallux valgus deformity by comparing the mildly and severely affected sides in patients with bilateral asymmetric hallux valgus in the whole group as well as the metatarsus adductus and the nonmetatarsus adductus subgroups. A total of 186 patients with bilateral asymmetrical hallux valgus deformity with a difference of 5° or greater in the hallux valgus angle were included, and 11 radiographic measurements were analyzed. The radiographic differences between the mildly and severely affected sides were compared. Correlation between the changes in the hallux valgus angle and those in other measurements was analyzed, and multiple regression analyses were performed. The anteroposterior talo-second metatarsal angle showed no significant difference between the mildly and severely affected sides. Changes in the intermetatarsal angle and sesamoid rotation angle were significantly associated with the progression of hallux valgus angle in the whole group as well as the nonmetatarsus adductus subgroup. Change in the intermetatarsal angle (p = .006) was the significant factor associated with the progression of hallux valgus angle in the metatarsus adductus subgroup. The anteroposterior talo-second metatarsal angle might be useful in evaluating the overall foot shape in the hallux valgus deformity. Progression of the hallux valgus deformity might be pathophysiologically different between those with and without metatarsus adductus.     

Plantar pressure distribution in normal,hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet

Selected dynamic plantar pressure measurements of 30 control, 30 hallux valgus and 30 hallux limitus subjects, using an EMED-SF system and a two-step method of data collection, were analysed for significant differences, with a one-way analysis of variance being performed with P<0.05. In comparison to normal control subjects, those with hallux valgus feet demonstrated significant medial plantar peak and mean pressures under the first, second and third metatarsal heads. In contrast, hallux limitus feet showed significantly high mean pressure under the hallux, lesser toes, third and fourth metatarsal heads, indicating a more lateral forefoot load.     

Plantar pressure distribution and pain after distal osteotomy for hallux valgus: A prospective study of 22 patients with 12-month follow-up

BackgroundElevated pressure under the central forefoot region is common in hallux valgus and this is often associated with metatarsalgia.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether there was a difference in pain and plantar pressure distribution parameters after correction of the deformity by two distal metatarsal osteotomy techniques.MethodsTwenty-two patients randomly assigned to distal chevron or Lindgren first metatarsal osteotomy were evaluated prospectively with dynamic plantar pressure measurement, quality of life scores and clinical and radiographic measurements. Data were collected pre-operatively, at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results of the combined operated group were compared with an age-matched control group.ResultsThere were no significant differences in plantar pressure distribution parameters between the two operated groups at any occasion. At 6 months peak pressure was significantly less under the lateral forefoot in the operated feet compared with the non-operated feet and significantly greater under the central forefoot than in the control group and the medial forefoot than under the non-operated feet, although the operated group had normalised after 12 months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) showed significant improvements after both surgical techniques.ConclusionBoth surgical techniques resulted in significant clinical and radiographic improvements and reduced the level of pain, although the foot pressure recordings demonstrated no biomechanical effect.     

Association between preoperative dynamic plantar pressures and clinical outcomes at 6 months after hallux valgus surgery

BackgroundThe influence of preoperative plantar pressures on clinical outcomes following hallux valgus surgery has not been yet established. This study aimed to assess the relationship between preoperative dynamic plantar pressure measurements and clinical outcomes following hallux valgus surgery.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study where patients attending the foot and ankle unit between 2016 and 2017, diagnosed of hallux valgus requesting surgical correction were recruited consecutively and preoperative plantar pressure were measured. At 6-months after surgery, the foot condition and foot pain were measured, through the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), and using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), respectively. A multivariate logistic model was used to estimate the magnitude of the associations between the explanatory variables and outcomes.Results114 patients were included in the study. Significant differences between patients with and without pain at 6-months after surgery were found in mean force on first toe, peak pressure on third and fourth metatarsal head, and maximum force on fourth and fifth metatarsal head (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic model showed significant association between the preoperative peak pressure on fourth metatarsal head (OR:0.996, p = 0.003), walking (OR:7.430, p < 0.001), orthopedic shoe after surgery period (OR:0.754, p = 0.019) and preoperative AOFAS (OR:0.947, p = 0.006), and the appearance of pain at 6-months after surgery.ConclusionThe presence of pain at six months after surgery was significantly associated with the preoperative peak pressure under the fourth metatarsal head.     

Biomechanical Comparison of a Locking Plate with Intraplate Compression Screw Versus Locking Plate with Plantar Interfragmentary Screw for Lapidus Arthrodesis: A Cadaveric Study

Lapidus arthrodesis (first metatarsal cuneiform arthrodesis) has become an accepted procedure for hallux abducto valgus. Several variations of fixation have been described. Earlier weightbearing postoperatively has been one reported benefit of using locking plates for fixation. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that fixation placed on the plantar or tension side of the arthrodesis increases the biomechanical advantage. We performed a biomechanical cadaveric study of the Lapidus procedure, comparing a previously reported technique using a low profile locking plate with an intraplate compression screw versus the same locking plate with a plantar interfragmentary screw (PIFS) placed on the tension side of the arthrodesis in 10 fresh, paired, cadaver limbs. The mean ultimate load of the plate with a PIFS was 383.2 ± 211.5 N, and the mean ultimate load of the plate with an intraplate compression screw was 205.5 ± 97.2 N. The mean ultimate load of the LPS Lapidus plate with a PIFS was statistically greater (p = .027) than that with the plate intraplate compression screw. Our results indicated that changing the orientation of the compression screw to a PIFS significantly increased the stability of the Lapidus arthrodesis fixation construct. The modified construct with the PIFS might decrease the incidence of nonunion and, ultimately, allow patients to bear weight faster postoperatively.     

Risk Factors for Nonunion After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis With a Dorsal Locking Plate and Compression Screw Construct: Correction of Hallux Valgus Is Key

First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis is currently the gold standard technique for advanced hallux rigidus. This retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors for nonunion after first MTPJ arthrodesis with a dorsal locking plate and compression screw construct. Between April 2014 and April 2019, 165 consecutive patients (28 men and 137 women; mean age, 60 (range, 28-84) years) who underwent 178 primary first MTPJ arthrodeses were retrospectively reviewed. All arthrodeses were performed using either a dorsal locking plate with an integrated compression screw (Anchorage CP plate, Stryker, n = 97) or a dorsal locking plate (Anchorage V2 plate, Stryker, n = 81) with a separate compression screw (4 mm cannulated ACE screw). Union was defined as bone bridging across the fusion site on at least 2 of the 3 standard foot radiographs (anteroposterior, lateral, oblique) and no MTPJ movement or pain during clinical examination. Potential risk factors for nonunion were analyzed with the use of univariate and multivariate analyses. The overall nonunion rate was 6.2% (11 of 178 cases). The risk factors identified in the univariate analysis included preoperative hallux valgus deformity, postoperative residual hallux valgus deformity, and diabetes (p < .05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that postoperative residual hallux valgus deformity (odds ratio 6.5; p= .015) and diabetes (odds ratio 7.4; p = .019) are independent risk factors for nonunion after first MTPJ arthrodesis. Diabetes is the most important independent risk factor for nonunion after first MTPJ arthrodesis with a dorsal locking plate and compression screw construct. A residual postoperative hallux valgus deformity is associated with a significantly increased risk for nonunion. It is therefore crucial to correct the hallux valgus deformity to a hallux valgus angle of less than 20°.     

Hallux valgus surgery in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

BackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy are highly likely to develop foot deformities, some of which may require surgical intervention. Hallux valgus is a common forefoot deformity which can cause issues with pain, footwear, orthotic splints and soft tissues. It remains unclear what the optimal surgical treatment is for children with cerebral palsy and hallux valgus deformity.ObjectiveTo systematically review studies reporting the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical correction of hallux valgus deformity in children with cerebral palsy.MethodsA systematic review of studies published in electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane library) from inception until January 2021. Keywords related to hallux valgus and cerebral palsy were included.Results58 studies were identified of which 7 met the criteria for inclusion. 200 feet in 134 patients with a mean age of 13.5 years were included, with a mean follow up period of 43 months. A range of clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed. A treatment framework for the assessment and management of hallux valgus in children with cerebral palsy based on the published evidence is presented.ConclusionNon-ambulant children with cerebral palsy with symptomatic hallux valgus should primarily undergo first MTPJ arthrodesis whilst those who are ambulant should undergo first metatarsal osteotomy± soft tissue correction.     

Fixation of Lapidus Arthrodesis with a Plantar Interfragmentary Screw and Medial Locking Plate: A Report of 88 Cases

Lapidus arthrodesis is a powerful procedure that can be used to correct pathologic features within the forefoot or midfoot. Many different methods of fixation for this procedure have been reported. The use of plating constructs has been shown to provide increased stability compared with screw-only constructs. The technique we have described consists of a plantar to dorsal retrograde lag screw across the arthrodesis site, coupled with a low-profile medial locking plate. A total of 88 consecutive patients were treated with this modification of the Lapidus procedure by 2 surgeons and were retrospectively evaluated. All patients followed an early postoperative weightbearing protocol. Patient age, gender, follow-up duration, interval to weightbearing and radiographic fusion, preoperative and postoperative intermetatarsal angle, hardware removal, preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scores, and adjunct procedures were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 16.76 ± 5.9 (range 12 to 36) months, and all healed fusions demonstrated radiographic union at a mean of 51 ± 19.1 (range 40 to 89) days. The patients were treated with weightbearing starting a mean of 10.90 ± 4.1 (range 5 to 28) days postoperatively. Complications included 15 patients (17%) requiring hardware removal, 2 cases (2%) of hallux varus, 6 cases (7%) of radiographic recurrent hallux valgus, and 2 patients (2%) with first metatarsocuneiform nonunion. The results of the present study have demonstrated that plantar lag screw fixation with medial locking plate augmentation for Lapidus arthrodesis allows for early weightbearing with satisfactory outcomes, improved clinical and radiographic alignment, and improved American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores.     

The Syndesmosis Procedure Correction of Hallux Valgus Feet Associated With the Metatarsus Adductus Deformity

Metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus are common foot deformities. Corrective surgery of hallux valgus feet with metatarsus adductus deformity can be challenging and experience a high deformity recurrence rate. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate if the syndesmosis procedure can correct such feet satisfactorily without osteotomies and arthrodesis. 75 hallux valgus feet in 45 patients with a Sgarlato's metatarsal adductus angle ≥15° were studied after having undergone the syndesmosis procedure for an average of 20.22 months. Their average preoperative intermetatarsal angle of 12.56° was improved to 6.00° (p < .001) and metatarsophalangeal angle from 35.61° to 23.46° (p < .001) significantly. Their average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society's clinical scores improved significantly from 56.41 to 90.53 points (p < .001). Fifty-five feet (73.33%) had preoperative metatarsal calluses, and all but 3 had a noticeable reduction in severity. Forty-one patients (91.11%) were able to return to their desired activities and footwear. All relevant raw data formed this study, including x-ray and photographic images, were submitted as Supplementary Material for online viewing and reference. Despite the possible intrinsic rigidity of metatarsus adductus forefoot, this study demonstrated that hallux valgus feet with metatarsus adductus deformity could be corrected anatomically and functionally with the soft tissue syndesmosis procedure and without correcting the preexisting metatarsus adductus deformity. This study also supports the notion that the MA deformity accentuates hallux valgus alignment preoperatively and postoperatively, and possibly all feet in general.     

Rheumatoid Forefoot Reconstruction in Nonrheumatic Patients: Lesser Metatarsal Head Resection versus Osteotomy

In the literature, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis with lesser metatarsal head resection seems to be a reliable procedure in rheumatoid foot deformity. Maybe this procedure could be proposed in nonrheumatoid severe forefoot deformity (hallux valgus angle >40° and lesser metatarsophalangeal dislocation). The aim of this study was to compare radiological and clinical outcomes between lesser metatarsal head resection and lesser metatarsal head osteotomy in nonrheumatoid patients. Thirty-nine patients (56 feet) suffering from well-defined nonrheumatoid severe forefoot deformity were retrospectively enrolled in our institution between 2009 and 2015. Metatarsal head resection and metatarsal head osteotomy represented 13 patients (20 feet) and 26 patients (36 feet), respectively. In this observational study, a rheumatoid population (21 patients) was included as the control. The clinical outcome measures consisted of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, Foot and Ankle Ability Measurement, and Short Form-36. The radiological outcomes were: intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and metatarsophalangeal alignment. Mean follow-up was 24 months. Satisfaction rate was, respectively, 92% for resection, 91% for osteotomy procedure, and 80% for surgery in rheumatoid patients. Short Form-36 global score was, respectively, 80.7 (52.5-96.4), 76 (57.7-93), and 68.3 (22.6-86). No functional outcome difference was found between resection and osteotomy procedures, except that the metatarsal head resection group had poorer results in sports activities than the osteotomy group. Complications were similar between osteotomy and resection (p > .05). The radiological outcomes were improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative. First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis with lesser metatarsal head resection in nonrheumatoid severe forefoot deformity might be a good therapeutic option.     

正常足与拇外翻足前足承重比例与跖骨头下压力的研究

目的 从生物力学角度探讨外翻足承重比例及跖骨头下压力的改变情况。方法将测试对象分为正常组(160足)、轻中度(足母)外翻组(100足)、重度(足母)外翻组(56足)三组,运用我所生物力学室研制的足底压力测试系统,对正常足与(足母)外翻足足底压力进行测试,并将结果进行统计分析。结果 轻中度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例较正常足增加,重度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例介于正常足与轻中度(足母)外翻足之间。(足母)外翻足存在着前足压力外移的趋势,这种改变和畸形的程度相关。结论 从生物力学角度证明,(足母)外翻前足承重比例及各跖骨头下压力的变化随(足母)外翻畸形程度增加出现不同程度的变化。