人C-型利钠肽-血清白蛋白融合蛋白质的构建及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的构建重组表达人C-型利尿钠肽(CNP)-人血清白蛋白(HSA)融合蛋白质的毕赤酵母。方法重叠PCR拼接CNP(400 bp)-HSA(1 800 bp)成融合基因,双酶切后克隆至表达载体pPIC9K中。电穿孔法转染毕赤酵母菌KM71,摇瓶培养分泌表达。结果融合基因约为2 200 bp,序列测定正确。SDS-PAGE分析相对分子质量约为80 000,Western blot和RIA鉴定显示其为CNP与HSA的杂合分子。结论实现了HSA-CNP融合蛋白质在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达。     

Complement C3 isoforms in Austrelaps superbus

Complement C3 plays a pivotal role in both classical and alternate pathways. Lower organisms (urochordates and fishes) have multiple isoforms whereas higher organisms have a single C3 gene. In cobras, a closely related protein cobra venom factor (CVF) is expressed in their venom gland. We have recently shown that Austrelaps superbus contains two isoforms (AVF-1 and AVF-2) of CVF-like proteins in the venom gland. To understand the origin of these proteins and their similarity to C3 protein, we examined C3-like proteins in the liver. Here we describe the complete cDNA sequences of two isoforms (AsC3-1 and AsC3-2) of complement C3 found in A. superbus liver. This is the first report of molecular isoforms of C3 in a reptilian organism. These isoforms display the overall domain structure of complement C3 proteins. Real-time quantitative analysis shows that there is a 144-fold difference in their mRNA expression levels. We also demonstrate by Southern blot experiments that the venom gland isoforms (AVF-1 and AVF-2) and the liver isoforms (AsC3-1 and AsC3-2) are the products of four individual genes. The putative promoter regions of these four genes are highly similar ( approximately 99% identical) to each other. These genes represent a unique case where despite being identical at the genomic level, exhibit tissue specificity and differential gene regulation. These genes offer a system to identify the tissue-specific regulatory proteins that are responsible for the constitutive expression of complement C3 in liver and inducible expression of AVF genes in the venom gland of A. superbus.     

重组可溶性补体1型受体在酵母SMD1168中表达纯化及鉴定

目的在酵母细胞SMD1168中表达人可溶性补体1型受体(sCR1),并对其重组蛋白进行纯化以探讨较为接近人体天然蛋白的表达方式,从而为临床诊断及治疗提供方便。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,将其克隆入真核表达载体pPIC9K,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9K-sCR1);经测序鉴定正确后,将重组质粒转化入毕赤酵母菌细胞SMD1168中,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析及Western blot鉴定,并通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化。结果经甲醇诱导的含pPIC9K-sCR1的酵母细胞表达出重组人sCR1的融合蛋白,48-72hsCR1融合蛋白表达量最高。此蛋白在凝胶上表现为大于31kD的蛋白区带,在Western blot实验中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆抗体识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原活性。     

用酵母载体pPIC9k重组构建表达sCR1

目的采用酵母细胞分泌型载体pPIC9k表达人可溶性补体受体(sCR1),研究重组人sCR1融合蛋白的体外生物学活性。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,然后将其克隆入毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9k-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,电转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168中,将经G418抗性筛选出的重组sCR1酵母细胞株进行PCR鉴定,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western Blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后进行生物学活性鉴定。结果获得毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k-sCR1,经G418筛选及PCR鉴定得到高拷贝整合的重组酵母细胞株,经甲醇诱导含pPIC9k-sCR1的酵母SMD1168细胞表达出重组sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr约31000的蛋白区带,在Western Blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆单抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白及较高的生物学活性。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性及其生物学活性。     

重组人血清白蛋白-hGCSF突变体在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的通过定点突变,提高融合蛋白HSA-hGCSF的生物活性。方法结构模拟显示,对hG-CSF中5个氨基酸残基加以突变可以提高其生物活性。通过限制性酶切方法将该突变基因与HSA基因的3′连接,融合基因插入到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,置于启动子AOX1之后,重组质粒pPIC9K-HSA-hG-CSFm经SalⅠ线性化,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,摇瓶中进行分泌表达。用MTT比色法测定发酵液上清中融合蛋白的hG-CSF活性。结果PCR鉴定得到约为2300bp的融合基因,测序结果正确。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表达的融合蛋白HSA-hGCSFm,表明该蛋白相对分子质量约为85000,且具有HSA的抗原性,生物活性为1.5×106IU/mL。结论分子设计实现了突变体融合蛋白生物活性的提高。     

人sCR1酵母分泌型表达载体构建及其高拷贝转化子的快速筛选

目的采用酵母分泌型载体表达人可溶性补体受体1型(sCR1),研究人sCR1高拷贝重组阳性转化子的快速筛选及鉴定。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,然后将其克隆入毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9k-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,电转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168中,将经G418抗性筛选出的重组sCR1酵母细胞株进行PCR鉴定,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化。结果获得毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k-sCR1,经G418筛选及PCR鉴定得到高拷贝整合的重组酵母细胞株,经甲醇诱导含pPIC9k-sCR1的酵母SMD1168细胞表达出重组sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr约31000的蛋白区带,在Western blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性。     

人PTP1B基因cDNA全长的克隆和原核系统表达

目的构建人蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)基因cD-NA全长的原核表达质粒(pET-28a(+)-hPTP1B)并在大肠杆菌中高效表达。方法取2型糖尿病人(BMI>28kg.m-2)的淋巴细胞提取总RNA,RT-PCR后的扩增产物回收构建克隆载体pMD-hPTP1B,测序后设计带酶切位点BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ的引物,PCR后酶切连入pET-28a(+)中,转化DE3,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE后用Westernblot检测其特异表达,并进一步对rhPTP1B诱导表达时IPTG的浓度、时间和温度等条件进行了优化。结果测序证实所得的hPTP1BcDNA序列与其在GenBank中的序列一致,重组质粒pET-28a(+)-hPTP1B的双酶切结果与预期大小完全一致,IPTG诱导后高效表达的蛋白质是其不溶性的包涵体形式。IPTG诱导的最佳浓度是0.05mmol.L-1,时间为5h,温度为37℃。结论成功克隆了人PTP1B基因,构建了相应的原核表达载体并对原核体系诱导表达的条件进行了优化,使其能在DE3中高效表达,为筛选高特异的小分子抑制剂和制备相应的单克隆抗体打下坚实的基础。     

Small ubiquitin-related modifier is secreted and shows cytokine-like activity

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a type I ubiquitin-like protein family member and is covalently attached to various target proteins. Through this post-translational modification, SUMO plays important roles in various cellular events. Here, we show that SUMO is secreted from cultured cells in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-independent manner and that this secretion occurs without covalent binding to target proteins or chain formation. Overexpression experiments using C-terminally truncated mutants of SUMO revealed that the secretion requires the C-terminal sequence. Recombinant SUMO-3 protein was capable of binding to and promoting the proliferation of cultured cells. Thus, we propose that SUMO functions as a cytokine-like molecule extracellularly.     

Expression and enzyme activity determination of human cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in a baculovirus-insect cell system

AIM: To develop an in vitro intact cell-based assay for screening selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. METHODS: Human cyclooxygenase-1 (hCOX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) genes were cloned from human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cell line by Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression systems. Infected sf9 cells were harvested 24 h post-infection (hpi), and distributed to a 24-well plate, preincubated with various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and challenged with 10 mmol/L arachidonic acid; the cyclooxygenase activity was assessed indirectly by prostaglandin E2-specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Polymerase chain reaction detection demonstrated that hCOX-1 and hCOX-2 were transposed to the bacmid. Western blot analysis showed that infected sf9 cells could express hCOX-1 and hCOX-2 proteins. Radioimmunoassay demonstrated that both recombinant proteins functioned well in sf9 cells. CONCLUSION: Human cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 were successful     

重组rPA基因在毕赤酵母细胞中的胞内表达研究

目的构建含rPA全长基因的重组酵母胞内表达质粒pPIC9K rPA ,并在毕赤酵母中进行表达。方法用限制性内切酶BamHI和NotI将含有rPA全长基因的质粒pJZ1 6双酶切后 ,克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9K中 ,构建酵母重组表达质粒。rPA基因经DNA序列测定准确无误。通过电穿孔法转染毕赤酵母菌GS1 1 5 ,PCR鉴定阳性酵母转化子 ,将rPA基因整合入酵母基因组DNA ,在毕赤酵母中实现了胞内非融合表达。表达产物进行SDS PAGE、Western blots以及溶纤维蛋白活性检测。结果表达产物以胞内包涵体的形式存在 ,未糖基化。SDS PAGE结果显示表达蛋白质的相对分子量约为 39kD。Western blots检测表明表达蛋白质能与单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。包涵体经 8mol L脲溶液溶解后 ,有明显的溶纤维蛋白活性。结论在毕赤酵母中成功地实现了rPA重组蛋白的胞内表达     

Analysis of Ah receptor-ARNT and Ah receptor-ARNT2 complexes in vitro and in cell culture.

ARNT and ARNT2 proteins are expressed in mammalian and aquatic species and exhibit a high level of amino acid identity in the basic-helix loop-helix PER/ARNT/SIM domains involved in protein interactions and DNA binding. Since the analysis of ARNT2 function at the protein level has been limited, ARNT2 function in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated signaling was evaluated and compared to ARNT. In vitro, ARNT and ARNT2 dimerized equally with the AHR in the presence of 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and ARNT2 outcompeted ARNT for binding to the AHR when expressed in excess. In contrast, activation of the AHR with 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo[a]pyrene resulted in predominant formation of AHR*ARNT complexes. ARNT2 expressed in Hepa-1 cell culture lines with reduced ARNT protein resulted in minimal induction of endogenous CYP1A1 protein compared to cells expressing ARNT, and mutation of the putative proline residue at amino acid 352 to histidine failed to produce an ARNT2 that could function in AHR-mediated signaling. However, the expression of ARNT2 in wild-type Hepa-1 cells reduced TCDD-mediated induction of endogenous CYP1A1 protein by 30%, even though AHR*ARNT2 complexes could not be detected in nuclear extracts. Western blot analysis of numerous mouse tissues and various cell culture lines showed that both endogenous ARNT and ARNT2 could be detected in cells derived from kidney, central nervous system, and retinal epithelium. Thus, ARNT2 has the ability to dimerize with the liganded AHR in vitro and is influenced by the activating ligand yet appears to be limited in its ability to influence AHR-mediated signaling in cell culture.     

Molecular mechanisms of hydroxyurea(HU)-induced apoptosis in the mouse fetal brain

Hydroxyurea (HU), a potent mammalian teratogen, affects proliferating embryonic cells and inhibits DNA synthesis. The teratogenic potential of HU has been well known in experimental animals for several decades. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms of HU-induced apoptosis in the telencephalon of the fetal brain by exposing pregnant mice to HU on day 13 of gestation. The number of TUNEL-positive cells began to increase at 3 h, peaked at 12 h, and rapidly decreased at 24 h. Although changes of p53 mRNA expression were not observed by RT-PCR, a p53-positive reaction was detected immunohistochemically in the nuclei of neuroepithelial cells from 1 h to 6 h, and p53-protein expression was simultaneously identified by Western blot analysis. The expression of p53-target genes was detected at both the mRNA and protein. The mRNA levels of apotosis-related genes (fas, fasL, and bax) and cell cycle-related genes (mdm2 and p21) were significantly elevated, and the degree to and sequence in which these target genes expressed was similar to those for fas, fasL, mdm2 and p21. Flow-cytometric and Western blot analyses of cell cycle-related proteins suggested that neuroepithelial cells are arrested at the S checkpoint from 3 to 6 h and at the G2/M checkpoint at 12 h, respectively. HU-induced apoptosis is considered to be mediated by p53 in the fetal brain.     

新型抗菌蛋白天蚕素-人溶菌酶在大肠杆菌中的表达条件优化及纯化

目的探讨重组家蝇天蚕素-人溶菌酶(Mdc-hly)在大肠杆菌中的表达条件及纯化。方法利用SDS-PAGE电泳和BandScan凝胶电泳图像分析系统研究诱导温度、诱导时机、异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导浓度和诱导时间对融合蛋白表达的影响。融合蛋白经His琼脂糖柱亲和色谱纯化后,Western blot鉴定。结果在起始菌浓度为A600=0.6时加入浓度为1.0 mmol/L的IPTG,37℃诱导6 h,融合蛋白的表达量最高,占菌体总蛋白的39.1%。纯化后融合蛋白纯度可达95%,Western blot鉴定为目的蛋白。结论确定了重组融合蛋白的最佳表达条件,并纯化了目的蛋白。     

Biotinyl endothelin-1 binding to endothelin receptor and its applications

The endothelin (ET) system consists of two membrane receptor types A and B and three 21-mer isopeptides endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 as ligands. This system is involved in many physiological processes such as vasomodulation, neurotransmission, embryonic development, renal function, and regulation of cell proliferation. In many pathophysiological conditions involving endothelin system, the endothelin antagonism could be a possible clinical treatment. Designing of an antagonist involves the characterization of the binding of the test compounds to the endothelin receptors. This is being carried out using radioactive ligand. A simpler and quicker method will be of great advantage. This study reports a non-radioactive method for establishing the IC50 concentrations of the ligand. This method uses biotinylated-endothelin-1 and streptavidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Hydroxyl apatite gel is used for separating the bound and unbound biotin-tagged endothelin-1. This method is applicable to detergent solubilized receptors and purified recombinant receptors. The endothelin receptor type A expressed in Pichia pastoris system has been used in this study. We show that this method is applicable in Western blot analysis of endothelin-1 and its receptor complex. This can be used to localize the receptor molecules as well.     

重组毕赤酵母中Textilinin-1基因拷贝数的荧光定量PCR法检测

 目的 利用荧光定量PCR法检测重组毕赤酵母外源纤溶酶抑制剂Textilinin-1基因的拷贝数。方法 采用双标准曲线法,以甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH）基因为内源参照基因,分别利用含有GAPDH和Textilinin-1基因的质粒,进行荧光定量PCR反应,建立标准曲线。对重组毕赤酵母基因组进行荧光定量PCR反应,通过标准曲线计算出外源Textilinin-1基因在毕赤酵母基因组中的拷贝数。结果 GAPDH和Textilinin-1基因的扩增效率分别95.04%和96.36%,两条标准曲线的决定系数均为0.999,且均具有良好的重复性,共检测10个单菌落,均得到Textilinin-1基因拷贝数为2。结论 建立的方法能够鉴定重组毕赤酵母中Textilinin-1基因的拷贝数。     

Cytochrome P450 expression and testosterone metabolism in the liver of deer

Cytochrome P450 expression in cervine liver was investigated using chemical probes and Western blot analysis, and compared with the rat. Deer liver, when compared with rat liver, was characterised by high ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, coumarin 7-hydroxylase and, to a lesser extent, erythromycin N-demethylase activities; in contrast, deer liver exhibited low debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase and, particularly, lauric acid hydroxylase activities. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in deer was markedly inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, but was relatively resistant to inhibition by furafylline. Coumarin 7-hydroxylase was inhibited by 8-methoxypsoralen. Western blot analysis using antibodies to rat CYP1A recognised a single, highly expressed protein. Kinetic analysis indicated that a single enzyme is likely to be responsible for the high ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in deer liver. Probing of cervine hepatic microsomes with antibodies to rat CYP2A2 showed that apoprotein levels were higher in the deer compared with the rat. Eadie-Hofstee plot analysis indicated that more than one enzyme catalyses the 7-hydroxylation of coumarin. Western blot analysis using antibodies to rat CYP2B, rat CYP2C11, human CYP2D6, rat CYP3A and rat CYP4A1 revealed in each case the presence of single, poorly expressed, proteins in deer liver. In contrast, when antibodies to rat CYP2E1 were used, a highly expressed single protein was observed. Cervine hepatic microsomes metabolised testosterone to generate androstenedione and a number of hydroxylated products, the major hydroxylation sites being the 2beta-, 6beta- and possibly the 12-position. In summary, this is the first study showing that deer liver expresses all xenobiotic-metabolising cytochrome P450 families, but the level of expression differs from that of the rat.     

基于基因芯片探索鼻咽癌的分子靶标

目的 在分子水平探索鼻咽癌的发病机制,筛选鼻咽癌诊断或治疗的潜在分子靶标。方法 在GEO公共数据库中下载编号为GSE12452和GSE13597的基因芯片数据（包含鼻咽癌和对照鼻炎黏膜组织数据）,利用R编程语言的相关工具包对原始芯片数据进行预处理和差异表达基因的筛选。利用DAVID数据库对差异表达基因进行基因GO功能分析和KEGG信号通路分析。取我院鼻咽癌石蜡标本和对照鼻炎黏膜组织新鲜标本各5例,利用realtime PCR和Western blot分别检测18个细胞周期相关基因和4种蛋白在两组织中的表达,进一步验证基因芯片的结果。结果 生物信息学分析得到了260个差异表达基因,涉及16个GO条目和4条信号通路。18个细胞周期相关的基因中,real-time PCR和Western blot进一步确定鼻咽癌组织中有12个基因在mRNA水平表达上调,4个基因在蛋白水平表达上调。结论 通过对两套鼻咽癌表达谱芯片数据的综合生物信息学分析与分子生物学验证,发现CDC6、CDK1、MCM2和CCNB1这4个可能是鼻咽癌恶性进展相关的关键基因,可作为潜在靶点作进一步的功能研究。