多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的转移性乳腺癌的临床观察

目的观察多两紫杉醇联合每培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的转移性乳腺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法28例既往接受过蒽环类、（其中7例接受过紫杉醇）等药物化疗的转移性乳腺癌患者,均有临床观察指标,采用多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨化疗2～4个周期,观察近期疗效。结果28例患者中,3例CR,16例PR,7例SD,2例PD,总有效率（CR＋PR）67．8％。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制及手足综合征。结论多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的转移性乳腺癌疗效确切,不良反应轻,耐受性好,值得临床推广。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的：观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：38例晚期乳腺癌患者,采用多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2,d1;卡培他滨1000mg／m^2,bid,d1-14,21天为1个周期。结果：38例乳腺癌患者中,CR4例,PR18例,SD11例,PD5例,有效率（CR＋PR）57．89％。不良反应主要为胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、脱发、手足综合症。结论：多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌疗效确切,不良反应可以耐受,可作为晚期乳腺癌的一个较理想方案。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌

目的：观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨方案治疗对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法：24例患者给予多西紫杉醇75mg/m^2静滴d1,卡培他滨1650mg/m^2.d,口服,d1-d14。21天为1周期,至少用2个周期,中位化疗周期数3个（2-4周期）。结果：总有效率41.7%,疾病控制率为83.3%,中位生存期16.5个月,主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制和脱发。结论：多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌疗效好,毒副作用轻,是治疗对蒽环类耐药晚期乳腺癌较好的方案。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌20例

目的观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨（XT）方案治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效及患者不良反应。方法20例晚期乳腺癌患者应用多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2,第1天静脉滴注1h,卡培他滨2000mg／m^2,分早晚两次餐后半小时口服,第1天至第14天。化疗前1天开始口服地塞米松8mg,2次／d,连服3d。3周为1个周期,治疗至少2个周期以上进行疗效评价。结果20例患者CR3例（15％）,PR9例（45％）,SD6例（40％）,PD2例（10％）,CR＋PR共12例,总有效（RR）率60％。不良反应主要有骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征等,无化疗相关死亡。结论多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨方案治疗晚期乳腺癌近期临床疗效确切,不良反应可以耐受。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的:观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨方案对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌患者的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法:36例既往接受过蒽环类(其中5例接受过紫杉醇)等药物化疗的晚期乳腺癌患者,均有临床观察指标,采用多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨化疗2-4周期,每3周重复一次,行2周期治疗后判定疗效。结果:36例中CR5例,PR 19例,NC 9例,PD 3例,总有效率为66.7%。主要不良反应为白细胞减少、脱发,其它毒副反应均较轻微可耐受,无化疗相关死亡。结论:国产多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌有较好疗效,不良反应轻,耐受性好,是治疗对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌较好的方案。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌

目的:观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨方案治疗对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法:24例患者给予多西紫杉醇75mg/m2静滴d1,卡培他滨1650 mg/m2*d,口服,d1-d14.21天为1周期,至少用2个周期,中位化疗周期数3个(2-4周期).结果:总有效率41.7%,疾病控制率为83.3%,中位生存期16.5个月,主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制和脱发.结论:多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌疗效好,毒副作用轻,是治疗对蒽环类耐药晚期乳腺癌较好的方案.     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类药物耐药性晚期乳腺癌的初步临床结果

目的观察多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)联合卡培他滨(capecitabine)治疗蒽环类耐药性晚期乳腺癌的疗效.方法2002年6月～2003年10月,以此方案治疗蒽环类药物耐药的晚期乳腺癌16例.全组化疗共52周期,中位周期数3周期(2～6周期).结果CR 2例,PR 7例,SD 4例,PD 3例,总有效率(CR PR)56.2%.全组中位缓解期5个月(2～14个月).主要剂量毒性为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和手足综合征,骨髓抑制以白细胞减少为主,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞减少发生率为18.7%.结论多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨对蒽环类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌有较好的疗效,且毒性可以耐受,可以考虑作为解救化疗方案.     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌22例的临床观察

背景与目的：对于复发转移性乳腺癌，卡培他滨和紫杉醇类药物均有确切肯定的疗效，由于紫杉醇类药物能增强肿瘤组织的TP活性，因而与卡培他滨有协同作用。本研究观察及评价多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗复发转移性乳腺痈的疗效和不良反应。方法：22例晚期乳腺癌患者均给予多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2，第1天；卡培他滨口服每日2次，餐后服用，1000mg／m^2／次，连续服用14天，治疗周期为21天，至少治疗2个周期。结果：本组完全缓解（CR）3例，部分缓解（PR）12例，稳定（SD）6例，疾病进展（PD）1例，总有效率68．2％，中位TTP6．5个月。不同转移部位或器官的有效率分别为：胸壁85．7％（6／7）；淋巴结80．0％（8／10）；肺脏75．0％（6／8）；骨骼40．0％（2／5）；肝脏30．0％（3／10）。Ⅰ／Ⅱ级不良反应为皮肤色素沉着16例，手足综合征14例，恶心呕吐12例，腹泻10例，白细胞下降16例。Ⅲ／Ⅳ级不良反应白细胞下降3例，恶心呕吐1例，贫血1例。结论：多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期乳腺癌疗效肯定，患者耐受性良好。     

多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的 观察多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨作为一线方案治疗晚期胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法 46例晚期胃癌患者采用多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2静脉滴注dl；卡培他滨每日1250mg／m^2,分2次口服，d1～14，21天为1个周期，连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果 CR4例，PR20例，SD 15例，PD7例，总有效率52．2％，毒副作用主要有Ⅰ～Ⅱ度恶心、呕吐、腹泻、口腔炎、手足综合征、末梢神经感觉异常及白细胞减少。结论 多西紫杉醇联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌疗效较高，安全性好，副作用可耐受，值得临床进一步观察。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌临床观察

目的：观察紫杉醇联合顺铂（TP方案）治疗蒽环类耐药的复发转移性晚期乳腺癌的疗效与安全性。方法：从2005年6月-2008年6月以TP方案治疗蒽环类耐药的复发转移性晚期乳腺癌28例,紫杉醇135mg／m^2静滴,第1天;顺铂75mg／m^2静滴,第一天,21天为1周期,2个周期末评价近期疗效及安全性。结果：28例患者中CR1例（3．5％）,PR13例（46．4％）,SD8例（28．5％）,PD6例（21．4％）,有效率50％,不良反应主要是骨髓抑制,恶心、呕吐、脱发。结论：TP方案治疗蒽环类耐药的复发转移性晚期乳腺癌疗效可靠,不良反应可耐受,可作为蒽环类耐药的复发转移性晚期乳腺癌的化疗方案。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.