重组免疫优势肽段为抗原的ELISA法在检测2型单纯疱疹病毒感染中的应用

目的 表达2型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)糖蛋白G免疫优势片段gG321-580,探讨重组gG321-580作为检测HSV-2特异性IgG诊断抗原的可行性,为进一步开发诊断试剂盒奠定基础.方法 整合有gG321-580基因的重组杆状病毒接种Sf9昆虫细胞,NTA-Ni2+纯化表达His-gG321-580融合蛋白.应用HSV-2感染Vero细胞,制备HSV-2病毒抗原.将gG321-580蛋白和HSV-2病毒抗原分别作为包被抗原,建立间接ELISA法(gG321-580-ELISA和病毒抗原-ELJSA).分别用gG321-580-ELISA和病毒抗原-ELISA检测105份临床样本,两者的检测结果以HerpeSelect 2 ELISA IgG试剂盒作为金标准,在特异性、灵敏性和符合率等方面进行比较.结果 SDS-PAGE和Western印迹结果显示,表达的gG321-580蛋白相对分子质量约为60000,具有良好的免疫学活性.与HerpeSelect 2 ELISA IgG试剂盒相比,gC321-580-ELISA的灵敏度、特异度、符合率分别为83.3％、81.8％、82.9％,病毒抗原-ELISA的灵敏度、特异性和符合率分别为20.8％、93.9％、43.8％.gG321-580-ELISA敏感度和符合率高于病毒抗原-ELISA.结论 表达的HSV-2重组gG321-580蛋白作为包被抗原的ELISA法是一种敏感、特异的方法,具有较大的应用价值.     

杆状病毒和分批补料发酵联用高效表达单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白D

目的利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统和分批补料式培养技术在草地夜蛾昆虫细胞(Sf9)中高效表达重组单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白D(HSV-2 gD2)。方法 以HSV-2基因组DNA为模板克隆全长gD2基因,利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统构建含目的基因的重组杆状病毒。同时采用分批补料式培养技术高密度培养Sf9细胞实现重组gD2蛋白的高效表达。构建豚鼠生殖器疱疹模型,研究重组HSV-2 gD2蛋白的免疫活性。结果在一个5 L生物反应器内,在15 mmol/L葡萄糖、0.4 g/L谷氨酰胺以及45%溶解氧的培养条件下,重组gD2蛋白的产量高达192 mg/L。此外,纯化后的重组gD2免疫能显著降低豚鼠生殖器疱疹模型的外阴皮损症状。结论 重组HSV-2 gD2蛋白利用杆状病毒和分批补料发酵联用得到高效表达,并表现出良好的免疫原性,为发展HSV-2疫苗奠定了基础。     

水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白I基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及纯化

目的 将北京水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)84-7株克隆糖蛋白I(gpI)基因在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统中表达,并对其表达产物进行纯化。方法 采用PCR方法从VZVDNA中扩增gpI全基因序列,并将其插入杆状病毒转移质粒pBacPAK9中,获得重组转移质粒pBacVZVgpI,对pBacVZVgpI中的插入基因进行测序。重组转移质粒与线性杆状病毒BacPAK6DNA(Bsu36Idigested)共转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组病毒BacPAK-gpI。通过亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,并检测其抗原性。结果 PCR扩增得到gpI基因,测序结果表明克隆的外源基因正确。经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)、免疫印迹(weotem-blot)方法证明gpI基因在昆虫细胞中获得表达,表达产物在培养72h达到高峰,重组蛋白的相对分子质量约为58000和70000,与理论值相符,蛋白质加工与天然蛋白类似。动物实验结果表明,重组蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,可刺激小鼠产生中和抗体。SDS—PAGE检测纯化的重组蛋白,纯度达80％。纯化蛋白经western-blot和ELISA检测后显示,具有特异的抗体结合活性。结论 应用昆虫细胞表达水痘-带状疱疹病毒gpI基因,可为水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗原定量分析、糖蛋白ELISA的研制和制备亚单位疫苗提供基础。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白D基因的原核表达及鉴定

[目的]构建单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（HSV-2）糖蛋白D原核表达载体并鉴定其表达产物。[方法]用PCR方法特异性扩增HSV-2糖蛋白D基因片断,经双酶切后将其克隆到融合蛋白原核表达载体pGEX-1λT中。将重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌后进行诱导表达,表达产物进行Western-blot鉴定。[结果]重组表达载体诱导表达产物用SDS-PAGE证明含有相对分子质量（Mr）约60kD的糖蛋白D/GST融合蛋白。Western-blot分析证实纯化之后表达产物在相对分子量为60kD处有明显的阳性杂交带。[结论]重组原核表达载体诱导表达出的HSV-2糖蛋白D具有较好的抗原性,为以后的HSV-2糖蛋白D基因工程亚单位疫苗研究打下了基础。     

单纯疱疹病毒2型糖蛋白G的表达、纯化及鉴定

目的 对pGEX-4T- 1/gG-2重组质粒进行诱导表达,并纯化、鉴定表达的目的蛋白.方法 用最佳诱导条件对重组质粒进行诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳检测验证后,对存在于超声离心上清液中的融合蛋白用亲和层析技术进行纯化,并用ELISA间接法对纯化的GST/gG-2融合蛋白的灵敏性和特异性等生物活性进行鉴定.结果 目的蛋白经诱导后表达于上清中,经鉴定纯化的目的蛋白保留了天然蛋白原有的生物活性.结论 GST/gG-2融合蛋白的获得,为研制以重组蛋白代替传统的全病毒作为检测抗原的新型HSV-2型特异性免疫学检测试剂盒奠定了基础.     

HIV多抗原位点串联基因的表达及活性鉴定

目的在原核表达载体系统中对HIV—1／2型外壳蛋白多个抗原位点串联基因进行表达、纯化并鉴定其活性。方法人工合成含HIVgp41的2个抗原位点、gp120的3个群的各3个抗原位点及gp36的2个抗原位点的串联基因，克隆到原核表达载体pRSETB中，构建重组表达质粒pRSETB-env，异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达，利用固化金属离子配体亲和层析技术纯化表达蛋白．利用逐渐降低尿素浓度透析法使目的蛋白复性。用免疫印迹和ELISA法分别对表达产物进行鉴定。结果目的基因在BL21中有较高表达率，纯化后表达蛋白经十二烷基硫酸钠．聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)可见一条约32KD的蛋白带．与设计分子量相符。免疫印迹、ELISA试验显示该表达蛋白可与HIV患者血清较好结合．而与其它患者血清无交叉反应。结论成功构建了由HIV外膜蛋白多个抗原位点串联基因片段的表达载体pRSETB-env，并在原核细胞中高效表达，表达蛋白经一步纯化后纯度较高．并具有良好特异性和活性。     

哺乳动物细胞西尼罗病毒样颗粒表达、纯化及其鉴定

目的利用哺乳动物细胞表达含有西尼罗病毒(WNV)prM和E蛋白,形成病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles,VLPs),为西尼罗病毒感染的免疫诊断试剂的研制奠定基础。方法筛选典型西尼罗病毒株,构建重组质粒,转染293T细胞,表达并纯化西尼罗病毒prM-E蛋白,利用透射电镜、免疫印迹试验、间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)和酶链免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对表达产物进行鉴定。结果重组质粒转染细胞后产生病毒样颗粒(viruslike particles VLPs),转染细胞上清纯化物中透射电镜观察到重组蛋白形成的球型颗粒,免疫印迹试验和间接免疫荧光试验表明,表达的病毒样颗粒蛋白能够与抗西尼罗病毒抗体特异结合,具有良好的抗原性;间接ELISA证实,重组蛋白可以作为抗原用于检测患者血清特异性抗体。结论在哺乳动物细胞中表达的西尼罗病毒样颗粒具有良好的抗原性,为西尼罗病毒感染快速特异诊断试剂研制奠定了基础。     

抗草胺膦bar基因原核表达和纯化及其免疫反应性分析

目的 实现抗草胺膦bar基因在原核表达系统中的高效表达及纯化,并分析其免疫反应性.方法 将携带bar基因的重组质粒pET28a-bar转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,确定最佳诱导表达条件.获得的重组蛋白经镍亲和层析纯化后,免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定抗体效价,以获得的抗BAR的抗血清作为一抗进行Western blot反应,检测蛋白的免疫反应性,分析该原核表达蛋白与转bar基因油菜中蛋白的等同性.结果 利用原核表达系统成功实现了BAR重组蛋白的高效表达,其最适表达条件为:0.5 mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)、20℃和120 r/min摇床转速诱导过夜.以纯化后的目的蛋白作为抗原免疫小鼠,得到抗BAR的抗血清.以间接ELISA法测定抗血清效价达1∶102 400,将其作为一抗进行Western blot反应,结果显示该抗体与原核表达的重组蛋白及转bar基因油菜中的BAR蛋白均能特异性结合.结论 获得了高纯度的BAR重组蛋白,制备了特异性抗BAR多克隆抗体.原核表达的重组蛋白与转bar基因油菜中的BAR蛋白具有相同的免疫反应性,为进行转bar基因产品的食用安全性评价提供实验依据.     

黄热病毒特异性抗原片段的筛选与鉴定

目的通过系统的生物信息学分析和实验验证,筛选黄热病毒的特异抗原片段,为免疫诊断试剂的研制奠定基础。方法分别利用DNAStar及ANTHEPROT软件对黄热病毒蛋白进行分析,参考亲水性、抗原性、可塑性、表面可及性及二级结构信息,对黄热病毒可能的共有及特异性抗原表位进行系统的预测分析,分析其在不同毒株中的保守性,并对预测得分值较高的抗原区域进行RT-PCR扩增,利用pMal-c2x原核表达系统进行原核表达,Western blot验证其免疫学反应原性,检测阳性抗原片段经亲和纯化后,包被ELISA微孔板,进一步验证其免疫学反应特异性及检测敏感性。结果其中27段抗原片段获高效表达,经Western blot筛选及ELISA进一步验证,原核表达抗原片段YFV22表现良好特异抗,可检测低至1∶12 800倍稀释的黄热病毒多克隆抗体,与所试其他参考病毒多克隆抗体无交叉反应。结论经系统筛选、验证,获黄热病毒特异性抗原片段1段,为其免疫学诊断试剂的研制奠定了基础。     

呼吸道合胞病毒融合蛋白第168～289氨基酸片段的表达与纯化

目的:利用杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统表达RSV融合蛋白中主要抗原性区域的片段(第168～289氨基酸)并纯化重组蛋白.方法:在人胚肺二倍体细胞2BS株上培养RSV Long株,从培养物中提取病毒总核酸.采用RT-PCR法从RSV基因组RNA中扩增出F基因546-881 bp片段(F'),F'插入到转移载体质粒pBacPAK9中再与线性杆状病毒BacPAK6 DNA(Bsu36I digested)共转染Sf9昆虫细胞.重组蛋白经镍离子柱螯合亲和层析纯化.经SDS-PAGE和Western-Blot鉴定重组蛋白.结果:外源基因在昆虫细胞中获得了表达,并通过其所带的信号肽分泌到了无血清培养基中.表达产物的分子量约为15×103,与理论值相符.结论:成功地用昆虫细胞表达系统表达了能分泌到培养基中的呼吸道合胞病毒F基因546-881 bp片段编码的融合蛋白第168～289氨基酸片段.     

Cross protective efficacy of the Non-Neurotropic live attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 vaccine VC-2 is enhanced by intradermal vaccination and deletion of glycoprotein G

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2 respectively) cause life-long latent infections resulting in recurrent orofacial and genital blisters or sores. Ensued disease can be painful and may lead to significant mental anguish of infected individuals. Currently, there are no FDA-approved vaccines for either prophylactic or therapeutic use, and recent clinical trials of subunit vaccines failed to achieve endpoints goals. Development of a safe live-attenuated herpes simplex vaccine may provide the antigenic breadth to ultimately protect individuals from acquiring HSV disease. We have previously shown that prophylactic use of the non-neurotropic live attenuated HSV-1 vaccine, VC-2, provides potent and durable protection from genital HSV-2 disease in the guinea pig model. Here, we investigated the effects of intradermal administration as well as the deletion of the viral glycoprotein G (gG) on the efficacy of prophylactic vaccination. Vaccination with either VC-2, VC-2 gG null, or gD2 MPL/Alum offered robust protection from acute disease regardless of route of vaccination. However, both the VC-2 gG-null and the ID vaccination route were more effective compared to the parent VC2 administered by the IM route. Specifically, the VC-2 gG-null administered ID, reduced HSV-2 vaginal replication on day 2 and day 4 as well as mean recurrent lesion scores more effectively than VC2 administered IM. Most importantly, only VC-2 gG null IM and VC-2 ID significantly reduced the frequency of recurrent shedding, the most likely source for virus transmission. Similarly, while all vaccinated groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of animals testing PCR-positive for HSV-2 in their dorsal root ganglia following challenge only VC2 ID vaccinated animals demonstrated a significant reduction in DRG viral load. All vaccinations induced neutralizing antibodies to HSV-2 MS when compared to unvaccinated guinea pigs. Therefore, further investigation of VC-2 gG null delivered ID is warranted.     

汉坦病毒G2糖蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及其在免疫诊断中的应用

目的构建汉坦病毒(HV）Z10株包膜糖蛋白G2基因的重组表达载体，探索其在昆虫细胞中的表达及在免疫荧光诊断中的应用。方法以质粒pUCm—Z10M为模板设计引物，用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增Z10株G2基因片段，将G2片段克隆入pUCm—T质粒载体，碱法提取质粒pUCm-Z10-G2，酶切后将回收片段插入杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTa，构建重组体pFastBacHTa-Z10-G2，重组体转化感受态细胞E．coli DH10Bac后，经2轮筛选，提取重组质粒转染昆虫细胞sf9，并用间接免疫荧光技术检测表达的G2蛋白。结果获得含有编码HV Z10株的包膜糖蛋白G2基因的重组质粒，转染昆虫细胞表达出G2蛋白，与肾综合征出血热(HFRS)阳性血清反应，昆虫细胞内呈现特异性环状荧光。检测40份HFRS血清，与全病毒细胞抗原片的符合率为95％。结论成功构建HV Z10株包膜糖蛋白G2基因的表达载体，并在昆虫细胞中表达。可利用重组G2蛋白检测HV感染。     

Vaccination with different HSV-1 glycoproteins induces different patterns of ocular cytokine responses following HSV-1 challenge of vaccinated mice.

We previously reported that vaccination of BALB/c mice with different baculovirus expressed HSV-1 glycoproteins induced varying degrees of protection against HSV-1 ocular challenge, ranging from complete protection to no protection, to exacerbation of eye disease. To correlate specific local immune responses with protection and exacerbation of corneal scarring, we examined immune cell infiltrates in the cornea after ocular HSV-1 challenge of vaccinated mice. Mice were vaccinated with gD, which completely protects against corneal scarring, gG, which produces no protection against corneal scarring, or gK, which exacerbates corneal scarring. Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. No corneal infiltrates were seen before challenge or 1 day after ocular challenge in any groups. By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses.     

An epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays.

A seroepidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) was performed on Japanese adults. Serum samples collected between 1985-9 from a total of 536 healthy adults, female prostitutes, males with sexually transmitted diseases (STD), homosexual men, and pregnant women were studied by immunodot assays using HSV type-specific antigens, glycoproteins G (gG1 and gG2). HSV-1 infections correlated mostly with age and was widely prevalent among subjects < 40 years. HSV-2 prevalence varied greatly among subgroups defined by sexual activity and was associated with risk behaviours for prostitution, infection with STD, and homosexual activity. HSV-2 seroprevalence was highest among prostitutes (80%), lowest among pregnant women (7%), and intermediate in STD patients (23%) and homosexuals (24%). Because HSV-1 infection during childhood has been decreasing, primary genital HSV-2 infection, with its higher frequency of clinical manifestations, will become a greater burden to the public health in Japan.     

Protection of cotton rats by immunization with the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion (F) glycoprotein expressed on the surface of insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus.

The antigenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of the human PIV3 fusion (F) glycoprotein expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus vector were studied. The results indicate that the PIV3 F glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus is antigenically authentic as determined using a panel of PIV3 F specific monoclonal antibodies. Only a low level of antibody was stimulated by immunization of animals with infected cells, but the antibody appeared to be of high quality. Immunized animals were also moderately protected against PIV3 challenge. These results indicate that the baculovirus expression system is a reasonable source of authentic PIV3 F protein for use in a subunit vaccine.     

Epidemiology of genital herpes (HSV-2) among brothel based female sex workers in Bangladesh

A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) in Bangladeshi female sex workers. Serum samples were collected from 463 female prostitutes and tested by ELISA using type specific antigens (gG1 and gG2). There were 405 (87.5%) samples seropositive for both HSV-1 and HSV-2, 24 (5.2%) samples were seropositive for only HSV-1, a further 33 (7.1%) samples were seropositive for HSV-2 only and one sample was found to be negative. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was also performed and all samples were found to be negative. Surveillance studies are needed for development and application of control and preventative measures. The prostitute population in Bangladesh is particularly at risk of acquiring and transmitting HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).     

四川省2013—2020年麻疹确诊病例标本中分离到的1型单纯疱疹病毒的基因特征

目的 从2013—2020年麻疹核酸阳性标本中分离获得单纯疱疹1型病毒(herpes simplex virus type1, HSV-1)，并分析其基因特征。方法 将2439份麻疹核酸阳性咽拭子标本接种到Vero/SLAM细胞上进行病毒分离培养，出现细胞病变后收获，提取核酸，并经实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）、PCR及测序进行分析。结果 共获得30株HSV-1，经系统发育分析，30株HSV-1序列gG区的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为95.58%~100%和90.57%~100%，均属于A基因型。结论 HSV-1在四川省广泛分布且可能来源于同一传播链。麻疹病毒感染增加了HSV-1的感染风险，或是麻疹病毒感染激活了潜伏的HSV-1感染还需进一步研究。     

重组表达HIV不同亚型gp41蛋白的抗原表位暴露情况分析

目的通过化学发光法检测原核重组HIV I型4种不同亚型gp41膜外区蛋白对阴阳性标本的反应性,间接反映重组表达gp41膜外区蛋白的抗原表位暴露情况,为科研、临床异常标本分析提供分析方法。方法选取HIV I型4个国内主流基因型(BC、AE、B、C)膜外区序列,克隆至pGEX4T-3载体中,优化目标蛋白的纯化工艺,制备出HIV I型gp41膜外区相应蛋白作为包被抗原,与商品化gp41-HRP酶结合物配对后,夹心法进行HIV I型阴阳性标本反应性的测试,从而判断相应蛋白抗原表位暴露情况。结果HIV I型4个亚型的gp41膜外区相同区段在pGEX4T-3原核载体中均能表达出符合预期大小的目的蛋白;纯化后分别作为包被抗原,按相同浓度包被后进行HIV I型阴阳性标本的测试,结果显示不同亚型的gp41表达蛋白与商品化gp41-HRP酶反应性存在较大差异。结论通过原核表达系统高效表达了HIV I型主流亚型gp41膜外区蛋白,化学发光法组建夹心法进行阴阳性标本测试,其反应性不一致,间接反映出不同基因型选取同一表达区域进行体外重组表达其结构折叠方式有区别,此研究为HIV科研、临床标本验证等提供了基础。