Synergistic effects of electrospun PLLA fiber dimension and pattern on neonatal mouse cerebellum C17.2 stem cells

Topographical features, including fiber dimensions and pattern, are important aspects in developing fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study aligned poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) fibers with diameters of 307 ± 47, 500 ± 53, 679 ± 72 and 917 ± 84 nm and random fibers with diameters of 327 ± 40, 545 ± 54, 746 ± 82 and 1150 ± 109 nm were obtained by optimizing the electrospinning parameters. We cultured neonatal mouse cerebellum C17.2 cells on the PLLA fibers. These neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibited significantly different growth and differentiation depending upon fiber dimension and pattern. On aligned fibers cell viability and proliferation was best on 500 nm fibers, and reduced on smaller or larger fibers. However, on random fibers cell viability and proliferation was best with the smallest (350 nm) and largest (1150 nm) diameter fibers. Polarized and elongated cells were orientated along the fiber direction on the aligned fibers, with focal contacts bridging the cell body and aligned fibers. Cells of spindle and polygonal morphologies were randomly distributed on the random fibers, with no focal contacts observed. Moreover, longer neurites were obtained on the aligned fibers than random fibers within the same diameter range. Thus, the surface topographic morphologies of fibrous scaffolds, including fiber pattern, dimensions and mesh size, play roles in regulating the viability, proliferation and neurite outgrowth of NSCs. Nevertheless, our results indicated that aligned 500 nm fiber are most promising for fine tuning the design of a nerve scaffold.     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的分离培养及分化研究

研究新生大鼠海马区脑组织中神经干细胞体外培养方法,为治疗神经系统疾病寻找合适的细胞来源。取新生SD大鼠的海马区脑组织,采用accutase结合机械分离法获取神经干细胞,在含有B－27、碱性成纤维生长因子和表皮生长因子的DMEM／F12无血清培养液中培养;Accutase酶消化后传代培养,取第3代细胞行抗巢蛋白免疫荧光染色鉴定并以含10％胎牛血清培养液诱导分化,神经元特异烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫荧光染色检测NSCs向神经元及胶质细胞分化的能力。分离的新生大鼠海马区脑组织中细胞,在无血清培养液中形成大量的神经球,部分神经球出现融合及贴壁分化现象,细胞呈典型NSCs 形态。经巢蛋白染色鉴定,大部分为阳性细胞。神经细胞球经含有胎牛血清培养液培养后,可分化为神经元特异烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达阳性的细胞。从新生大鼠海马组织分离培养的NSCs具有自我更新和增殖能力,在含胎牛血清培养液中具有向神经元和神经胶质细胞分化的潜能。     

The effect of topology of chitosan biomaterials on the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into three principle central nervous system cell types under specific local microenvironments. Chitosan films (Chi-F), chitosan porous scaffolds (Chi-PS) and chitosan multimicrotubule conduits (Chi-MC) were used to investigate their effects on the differentiation and proliferation of NSCs isolated from the cortices of fetal rats. In the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum most NSCs cultured on Chi-F differentiated into astrocytes, NSCs cultured on Chi-MC showed a significant increase in neuronal differentiation, while Chi-PS somewhat promoted NSCs to differentiate into neurons. However, in serum-free medium with 20 ng ml^?1 basic fibroblast growth factor NSCs cultured on Chi-F showed the greatest proliferation, NSCs cultured on Chi-MC showed moderate cell proliferation, but NSCs cultured on Chi-PS exhibited the least cell proliferation. These observations indicate that chitosan topology can play an important role in regulating differentiation and proliferation of NSCs and raise the possibility of the utilization of chitosan in various structural biomaterials in neural tissue engineering.     

胎鼠脊髓神经干细胞与颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞联合培养的研究

目的研究颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞(GCT细胞)对脊髓神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖分化的影响。方法取胎鼠脊髓NSCs原代和传代培养,取成年雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞原代和传代培养,实验分为3组:NSCs和GCT细胞联合培养组;雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞培养上清液与NSCs培养液混合后培养NSCs;NSCs培养液组为对照组;免疫荧光细胞化学方法进行细胞鉴定,MTT法对比各组NSCs增殖活力。结果NSCs与GCT细胞联合培养7 d后Nestin阳性神经球数多于单独培养,雄性大鼠GCT细胞混合培养液组NSCs增殖活力最强,对照组NSC最弱,雌性混合培养液组介于两者之间。鉴定细胞球Nestin阳性,各组均有少量贴壁分化细胞。结论大鼠GCT细胞分泌物促进NSCs增殖,抑制分化,雄性大鼠GCT细胞作用比雌性大鼠显著。     

Effect of fiber diameter on spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic cells on electrospun poly(lactic acid) substrates

Electrospinning is a promising method to construct fused-fiber biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, but the efficacy of this approach depends on how substrate topography affects cell function. Previously, it has been shown that linear, parallel raised features with length scales of 0.5-2 microm direct cell orientation through the phenomenon of contact guidance, and enhance phenotypic markers of osteoblastic differentiation. To determine how the linear, random raised features produced by electrospinning affect proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) diblock copolymers were electrospun with mean fiber diameters of 0.14-2.1 microm onto rigid supports. MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitor cells cultured on fiber surfaces in the absence of osteogenic factors exhibited a lower cell density after 7 and 14 days of culture than cells cultured on spin-coated surfaces, but cell density increased with fiber diameter. However, in the presence of osteogenic factors (2 mM beta-glycerophosphate, 0.13 mM L-ascorbate-2-phosphate), cell density after 7 and 14 days of culture on fiber surfaces was comparable to or exceeded spin-coated controls, and alkaline phosphatase activity after 14 days was comparable. Examination of cell morphology revealed that cells grown on fibers had smaller projected areas than those on planar surfaces. However, cells attached to electrospun substrates of 2.1 microm diameter fibers exhibited a higher cell aspect ratio than cells on smooth surfaces. These studies show that topographical factors designed into biomaterial scaffolds can regulate spreading, orientation, and proliferation of osteoblastic cells.     

The role of lipase and alpha-amylase in the degradation of starch/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fiber meshes and the osteogenic differentiation of cultured marrow stromal cells

The present work studies the influence of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase or lipase) on the degradation of fiber mesh scaffolds based on a blend of starch and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (SPCL) and the osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic medium-expanded rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and subsequent formation of extracellular matrix on these scaffolds under static culture conditions. The biodegradation profile of SPCL fiber meshes was investigated using enzymes that are specifically responsible for the enzymatic hydrolysis of SPCL using concentrations similar to those found in human serum. These degradation studies were performed under static and dynamic conditions. After several degradation periods (3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days), weight loss measurements and micro-computed tomography analysis (specifically porosity, interconnectivity, mean pore size, and fiber thickness) were performed. The SPCL scaffolds were seeded with rat MSCs and cultured for 8 and 16 days using complete osteogenic media with and without enzymes (alpha-amylase or lipase). Results indicate that culture medium supplemented with enzymes enhanced cell proliferation after 16 days of culture, whereas culture medium without enzymes did not. No calcium was detected in groups cultured with alpha-amylase or without enzymes after each time period, although groups cultured with lipase presented calcium deposition after the eighth day, showing a significant increase at the sixteenth day. Lipase appears to positively influence osteoblastic differentiation of rat MSCs and to enhance matrix mineralization. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the enzymes did not have a deleterious effect on the three-dimensional structure of SPCL fiber meshes, meaning that the scaffolds did not lose their structural integrity after 16 days. Confocal micrographs have shown cells to be evenly distributed and infiltrated within the SPCL fiber meshes up to 410 microm from the surface. This study demonstrates that supplementation of culture media with lipase holds great potential for the generation of bone tissue engineering constructs from MSCs seeded onto SPCL fiber meshes, because lipase enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of the seeded MSCs and promotes matrix mineralization without harming the structural integrity of the meshes over 16 days of culture.     

EPO对体外培养的神经干细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响

为探讨促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)对大鼠神经干细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响,本研究采用显微解剖、机械吹打和无血清悬浮培养方法分离培养大鼠神经干细胞,向培养基中添加不同剂量的EPO,通过计数干细胞克隆形成率、四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测法检测神经干细胞的增殖情况,用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测细胞凋亡率;向有血清分化培养基中加入不同剂量的EPO,以神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibril-lary acidic protein,GFAP)免疫荧光染色检测神经干细胞的分化情况。结果显示:与对照组相比,加入>5U/mlEPO后神经干细胞克隆形成率和MTT检测OD值明显增高,而凋亡率显著下降,分化培养后NSE阳性细胞较对照组明显增多。结果提示:EPO可促进大鼠神经干细胞的增殖,抑制其凋亡,促进其向神经元方向分化。     

Effect of fiber diameter and orientation on fibroblast morphology and proliferation on electrospun poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) meshes

Engineered ligament tissues are promising materials for the repair of tears and ruptures, but require the development of biomaterial scaffolds that not only support physiologically relevant loads, but also possess architectures capable of orienting cell adhesion and extracellular matrix deposition. Based on evidence that micron-scale topographic features induce cell orientation through a contact guidance phenomenon, we postulate that oriented micron-scale fiber meshes-formed by the electrospinning process-can regulate cell morphology. To test this, fused fiber meshes of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were electrospun onto rigid supports under conditions that produced mean fiber diameters of 0.14-3.6 microm, and angular standard deviations of 31-60 degrees . Analysis of the morphology of adherent NIH 3T3 fibroblasts indicated that projected cell area and aspect ratio increased systematically with both increasing fiber diameter and degree of fiber orientation. Importantly, cell morphology on 3.6 microm fibers was similar to that on spincoated PLGA films. Finally, cell densities on electrospun meshes were not significantly different from spincoated PLGA, indicating that cell proliferation is not sensitive to fiber diameter or orientation.     

Flow Perfusion Enhances the Calcified Matrix Deposition of Marrow Stromal Cells in Biodegradable Nonwoven Fiber Mesh Scaffolds

In this study, we report on the ability of resorbable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nonwoven scaffolds to support the attachment, growth, and differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) under fluid flow. Rat MSCs were isolated from young male Wistar rats and expanded using established methods. The cells were then seeded on PLLA nonwoven fiber meshes. The PLLA nonwoven fiber meshes had 99% porosity, 17 m fiber diameter, 10 mm scaffold diameter, and 1.7-mm thickness. The nonwoven PLLA meshes were seeded with a cell suspension of 5 × 10⁵ cells in 300 l, and cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor and under static conditions. Cell/polymer nonwoven scaffolds cultured under flow perfusion had significantly higher amounts of calcified matrix deposited on them after 16 days of culture. Microcomputed tomography revealed that the in vitro generated extracellular matrix in the scaffolds cultured under static conditions was denser at the periphery of the scaffold while in the scaffolds cultured in the perfusion bioreactor the extracellular matrix demonstrated a more homogeneous distribution. These results show that flow perfusion accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, seeded on nonwoven PLLA scaffolds, toward the osteoblastic phenotype, and improves the distribution of the in vitro generated calcified extracellular matrix.     

叶酸通过调节p53/p21(waf1/cip1)信号途径促进小鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化

目的:研究叶酸对体外培养小鼠神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖和分化的影响及作用机制。方法:采用无血清悬浮培养方法分离培养新生小鼠脑NSCs,通过MTT法检测叶酸对NSCs增殖的影响;撤除生长因子后,用含10%胎牛血清的培养基诱导分化培养6 d后,采用Tuj1(神经元标记物)和GFAP(胶质细胞标记物)免疫荧光双标记法检测叶酸对NSCs分化的影响;并应用流式细胞术、RT-PCR法检测给予叶酸对NSCs细胞周期、p53和p21(waf1/cip1)mRNA水平的影响。结果:与对照组相比,MTT法测定结果显示,叶酸组NSCs增殖能力明显增强;分化后免疫荧光双标法测定显示,叶酸组Tuj1阳性细胞的比率明显增加,且差异具有显著性(P<0.01);流式细胞仪测定结果显示,叶酸组NSCs在G0/G1期细胞数量明显减少(P<0.01),而G2/M期细胞数量明显增多(P<0.01);RT-PCR结果显示,叶酸组NSCs中p53和p21 mRNA表达量明显降低。结论:叶酸能促进NSCs增殖及向神经元分化;叶酸对NSCs增殖和分化的影响与调节NSCs细胞周期及p53/p21(waf1/cip1)信号转导途径相关。     

无血清培养新生Wistar大鼠神经干细胞及免疫荧光鉴定

目的在无血清条件下,分离培养新生1d的Wistar大鼠神经干细胞,观察其生长及分化情况,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。方法取新生1d的大鼠海马组织,机械分离法分离神经干细胞,加入含有表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子、B27的DMEM/F12无血清培养基中培养、增殖。倒置显微镜下观察神经干细胞的增殖分化情况,采用免疫荧光染色鉴定其生物特性。结果从新生大鼠海马组织分离培养的神经干细胞在无血清培养基中不断增殖,免疫荧光染色显示巢蛋白呈阳性表达。诱导分化后,免疫荧光染色可见高分子量神经丝蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达细胞。结论无血清条件分离培养的神经干细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力,能分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。     

促红细胞生成素促进体外鼠胚脑皮质神经干细胞增殖

目的检测体外培养SD大鼠胚脑皮质神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖和分化的生物学特性,为NSCs研究提供适宜的细胞模型;探讨促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)对NSCs增殖的影响,为NSCs的相关研究提供实验依据。方法本研究对孕14d(E14)SD大鼠取鼠胚脑皮质悬浮培养、贴壁诱导分化。采用光电镜观察,以nestin免疫荧光染色鉴定NSCs,微管相关蛋白2(microtubule associated protein2,MAP2)和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glia fibrillary acid protein,GFAP)检测NSCs分化。取第三代(P3)NSCs向悬浮培养基中添加不同剂量的EPO,通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测法检测NSCs的增殖情况。结果分离E14dSD大鼠胚脑皮质,在添加B27、bFGF、EGF的无血清培养基中培养,可形成大量悬浮的神经球并可进行体外扩增传代,神经球内的细胞均呈Nestin阳性、BrdU阳性。在添加10%胎牛血清的培养基中,神经干细胞可自然分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。与对照组对比,加入≥5U/mlEPO后MTT检测NSCsOD值明显增高。结论 SD大鼠胚脑皮质体外培养可得到大量增殖的神经干细胞并能分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,EPO可促进体外NSCs的增殖。     

Characterization of neural stem cells on electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) submicron scaffolds: evaluating their potential in neural tissue engineering

Development of biomaterials with specific characteristics to influence cell behaviour has played an important role in exploiting strategies to promote nerve regeneration. The effect of three-dimensional (3D) non-woven electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds on the behaviour of rat brain-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) is reported. The interaction of NSCs on the randomly orientated submicron (PCL) fibrous scaffolds, with an average fibre diameter of 750 +/- 100 nm, was investigated. The PCL scaffolds were modified with ethylenediamine (ED) to determine if amino functionalisation and changes in surface tension of the fibrous scaffolds affected the proliferation and differentiation characteristics of NSCs. Surface tension of the fibrous scaffold increased upon treatment with ED which was attributed to amine moieties present on the surface of the fibres. Although surface treatment did not change the differentiation of the NSCs, the modified scaffolds were more hydrophilic, resulting in a significant increase in the number of adhered cells, and increased spreading throughout the entirety of the scaffold. When the NSCs were seeded on the PCL scaffolds in the presence of 10% FBS, the stem cells differentiated primarily into oligodendrocytes, indicating that electrospun PCL has the capacity to direct the differentiation of NSCs towards a specific lineage. The data presented here is useful for the development of electrospun biomaterial scaffolds for neural tissue engineering, to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.     

Mechano-morphological studies of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds of polycaprolactone fabricated by electrospinning

Mechanical and morphological studies of aligned nanofibrous meshes of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) fabricated by electrospinning at different collector rotation speeds (0, 3000 and 6000 rpm) for application as bone tissue scaffolds are reported. SEM, XRD and DSC analyses were used for the morphological characterization of the nanofibers. Scaffolds have a nanofibrous morphology with fibers (majority) having a diameter in the range of 550-350 nm (depending on fiber uptake rates) and an interconnected pore structure. With the increase of collector rotation speed, the nanofibers become more aligned and oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Deposition of fibers at higher fiber collection speeds has a profound effect on the morphology and mechanical properties of individual fibers and also the bulk fibrous meshes. Nanoindentation was used for the measurement of nanoscopic mechanical properties of individual fibers of the scaffolds. The hardness and Young's modulus of aligned fibers measured by nanoindentation decreased with collector rotation speeds. This reveals the difference in the local microscopic structure of the fibers deposited at higher speeds. The sequence of nanoscopic mechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of three fibers is PCL at 0 rpm > PCL at 3000 rpm > PCL at 6000 rpm. This may be explained due to the decrease in crystallinity of fibers at higher uptake rates. However, uni-axial tensile properties of (bulk) scaffolds (tensile strength and modulus) increased with increasing collector rotation speed. The average ultimate tensile strength of scaffolds (along the fiber alignment) increased from 2.21 +/- 0.23 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of zero rpm, to a value of 4.21 +/- 0.35 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of 3000 rpm and finally to 9.58 +/- 0.71 MPa for PCL at 6000 rpm. Similarly, the tensile modulus increased gradually from 6.12 +/- 0.8 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of zero rpm, to 11.93 +/- 1.22 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of 3000 rpm and to 33.20 +/- 1.98 MPa for PCL at 6000 rpm. The sequence of macroscopic mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) of three fibers, from highest to lowest, is PCL at 0 rpm < PCL at 3000 rpm < PCL at 6000 rpm. This is attributed to the increased fiber alignment and packing and decrease in inter-fiber pore size at higher uptake rates.     

胰岛素对大鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的探讨胰岛素对大鼠神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖和分化的影响。方法培养大鼠大脑皮层NSCs,用胰岛素作用于培养的NSCs,3H-TdR掺入检测NSCs的增殖,免疫细胞化学和流式细胞仪检测NSCs的分化。结果胰岛素能明显促进NSCs对3H-TdR的摄入,明显促进细胞的增殖,并且胰岛素促细胞增殖作用具有一定的量效关系;免疫细胞化学和流式细胞仪结果显示,胰岛素对NSCs向神经元的分化有明显促进作用,并且NSCs分化后多巴胺能神经元数目明显增加。结论胰岛素可能具有促进NSCs增殖和向神经元包括多巴胺能神经元分化的作用。     

Effect of the fiber diameter and porosity of non-woven PET fabrics on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was investigated in three-dimensional non-woven fabrics prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber with different diameters. When seeded into the fabrics of cell scaffold, more MSC attached in the fabric of thicker PET fibers than that of thinner ones, irrespective of the fabric porosity. The morphology of cells attached became more spreaded with an increase in the fiber diameter of fabrics. The rate of MSC proliferation depended on the PET fiber diameter and porosity of fabrics: the bigger the fiber diameter of fabrics with higher porosity, the higher their proliferation rate. When the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin content of MSC cultured in different types of fabrics was measured to evaluate the ostegenic differentiation, they became maximum for the non-woven fabrics with a fiber diameter of 9.0 microm, although the values of low-porous fabrics were significantly high compared with those of high porous fabrics. We concluded that the attachment, proliferation and bone differentiation of MSC was influenced by the fiber diameter and porosity of non-woven fabrics as the scaffold.     

Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanometer diameter carbon fibers

The present in vitro study investigated select functions (specifically, proliferation, synthesis of intracellular proteins, alkaline phosphatase activity, and deposition of calcium-containing mineral) of osteoblasts (the bone-forming cells) cultured on carbon fibers with nanometer dimensions. Carbon fiber compacts were synthesized to possess either nanophase (i.e., dimensions 100 nm or less) or conventional (i.e., dimensions larger than 100 nm) fiber diameters. Osteoblast proliferation increased with decreasing carbon fiber diameters after 3 and 7 days of culture. Moreover, compared to larger-diameter carbon fibers, osteoblasts synthesized more alkaline phosphatase and deposited more extracellular calcium on nanometer-diameter carbon fibers after 7, 14, and 21 days of culture. The results of the present study provided the first evidence of enhanced long-term (in the order of days to weeks) functions of osteoblasts cultured on nanometer-diameter carbon fibers; in this manner, carbon nanofibers clearly represent a unique and promising class of orthopedic/dental implant formulations with improved osseointegrative properties.     

Effect of fibronectin- and collagen I-coated titanium fiber mesh on proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fibronectin and collagen I coatings on titanium fiber mesh on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow cells. Three main treatment groups were investigated in addition to uncoated titanium fiber meshes: meshes coated with fibronectin, meshes coated with collagen I, and meshes coated first with collagen I and then subsequently with fibronectin. Rat bone marrow cells were cultured for 1, 4, 8, and 16 days in plain and coated titanium fiber meshes. In addition, a portion of each of these coating treatment groups was cultured in the presence of antibodies against fibronectin and collagen I integrins. To evaluate cellular proliferation and differentiation, constructs were examined for DNA, osteocalcin, and calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity. There were no significant effects of the coatings on cellular proliferation as indicated by the DNA quantification analysis. When antibodies against fibronectin and collagen I integrins were used, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in cell proliferation was observed for the uncoated titanium meshes, meshes coated with collagen, and meshes coated with collagen and fibronectin. The different coatings also did not affect the alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells seeded on the coated meshes. However, the presence of antibodies against fibronectin or collagen I integrins resulted in significantly delayed expression of alkaline phosphatase activity for uncoated titanium meshes, meshes coated with collagen, and meshes coated with collagen and fibronectin. Calcium measurements did not reveal a significant effect of fibronectin or collagen I coating on calcium deposition in the meshes. Also, no difference in calcium content was observed in the uncoated titanium meshes and meshes coated with fibronectin when antibodies against fibronectin or collagen I integrins were present. Meshes coated with both collagen I and fibronectin showed significantly higher calcium content when cultured in the presence of antibodies to collagen and fibronectin integrins. A similar phenomenon was also observed for collagen-coated meshes cultured in the presence of antibodies to fibronectin integrins. No significant differences in osteocalcin content were observed between the treatment groups. However, all groups exposed to antibodies against fibronectin integrins showed a significant decrease in osteocalcin content on day 16. These results show that a fibronectin or collagen I coating does not stimulate the differentiation of rat bone marrow cells seeded in a titanium fiber mesh.     

Human bone marrow stromal cell responses on electrospun silk fibroin mats

Fibers with nanoscale diameters provide benefits due to high surface area for biomaterial scaffolds. In this study electrospun silk fibroin-based fibers with average diameter 700+/-50 nm were prepared from aqueous regenerated silkworm silk solutions. Adhesion, spreading and proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on these silk matrices was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT analyses demonstrated that the electrospun silk matrices supported BMSC attachment and proliferation over 14 days in culture similar to native silk fibroin (approximately 15 microm fiber diameter) matrices. The ability of electrospun silk matrices to support BMSC attachment, spreading and growth in vitro, combined with a biocompatibility and biodegradable properties of the silk protein matrix, suggest potential use of these biomaterial matrices as scaffolds for tissue engineering.     

米非司酮对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞存活、增殖及分化的影响

 目的 观察米非司酮处理后大鼠胚胎神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖、凋亡和分化变化,分析其对神经发育的可能影响。方法 以不同浓度米非司酮处理体外培养的NSCs,通过活细胞计数、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及线粒体膜电位、免疫细胞化学染色等方法检测NSCs存活、增殖、凋亡及分化情况。结果 10-5 mol/L米非司酮处理后NSCs存活和增殖明显下降（P＜0.05）,10-6 和10-8 mol/L对细胞无明显影响,而10-7 mol/L处理第4天后细胞增殖明显,但其对NSCs线粒体膜电位及增殖指数影响不大;处理后NSCs仍保持多向分化能力,神经元和胶质细胞分化比例与对照组相比无差异。结论 大剂量米非司酮抑制NSCs增殖,小剂量则促进细胞增殖、不影响NSCs命运决定。