丹参注射液对大鼠酒精性肝损伤组织学影响观察

目的：观察丹参注射液对大鼠酒精性肝损伤病理组织学的影响。为临床治疗酒精性肝损伤提供实验依据。方法：选取大鼠采用白酒灌胃造模；以正常饮食，饮水组为对照；以丹参注射液治疗后，于各组大鼠肝脏取材，常规HE染色，光镜观察，结果：模型组肝正常组织结构消失，小叶界限不清，细胞素紊乱，大部分肝窦消失，肝细胞呈中到重度水肿，多数细胞核体积缩小，深染，核膜轻度皱缩；丹参注射液治疗组小叶结构清淅，细胞索排列整齐，肝细胞损伤较轻，或仅有轻度浊肿及胞浆疏松。结论：丹参注射液对大鼠酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

扶正化瘀中药体外对大鼠纤维肝肝细胞蛋白合成、分泌的影响

目的：观察扶正化瘀中药体外对大鼠纤维肝肝细胞白蛋白合成、分泌的影响。方法：苦杏仁甙,丹参水溶性提取物,冬虫夏草,秋水仙碱作用于体外原代单层培养的大鼠纤维肝肝细胞,用ELISA方法检测。结果：除水仙碱外,苦杏仁甙＋冬虫夏草,冬虫夏草,丹参水溶性提取物具明显提高大鼠纤维肝肝细胞合成、分泌白蛋白的作用（P＜0．05）,以苦杏仁甙＋冬虫夏草作用最明显。病因是否去除,对大鼠纤维肝肝细胞合成、分泌白蛋白功能和药物对其作用有明显影响（P＜0．05－0．01）。结论：苦杏仁甙＋冬虫夏草,冬虫夏草,丹参水溶性提取物能促进大鼠纤维肝肝细胞合成、分泌白蛋白。     

挽肝Ⅰ号抗大鼠急性肝损伤血浆TNF、血清FP动态观察研究

观察挽肝Ⅰ号保护肝细胞，抗肝损伤作用。方法应用Ｄ－氨基半乳糖诱发大鼠急性肝损伤模型，动态观察血浆肿坏死因子，血清Ｆ蛋白以及总胆红素的含量变化，并与中药挽肝Ⅰ号保护组相比较。     

蒙药花锚醇提物对化学性急性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用及机制分析

目的:观察蒙药花锚醇提物对化学性急性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法:采用D-氨基半乳糖胺(DGLa N)致大鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平及肝细胞凋亡和肝组织病理学变化。结果:蒙药花锚醇提物能降低D-Gla N致急性肝损伤大鼠血清ALT、AST水平及肝细胞凋亡率,提高血清及肝组织中GSH-Px活性,有效减轻D-Gal N所致的肝组织病理学改变。结论:蒙药花锚醇提物的保肝护肝作用与抑制肝细胞凋亡和抗氧化有关。     

红花混悬液抗D-氨基半乳糖致大鼠肝细胞凋亡的机理研究

目的初步探讨红花混悬液对D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用机理。方法以D-GalN诱导建立大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察红花混悬液对血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、肝细胞凋亡及肝组织病理作用变化。结果红花混悬液明显降低急性肝损伤大鼠血清ALT、AST活性,提高血清和肝组织GSH-Px含有量,降低细胞凋亡程度,有效减轻D-GalN所致的肝组织病理改变。结论抑制肝细胞凋亡是红花抗急性肝损伤的作用机制之一。     

肝复康滴丸对四氯化碳损伤大鼠原代肝细胞的保护作用

目的:研究肝复康滴丸含药大鼠血清对CCl₄损伤原代肝细胞的保护作用。方法:采用酶消化法分离大鼠肝实质细胞进行体外培养并建立CCl₄肝损伤模型,以AST和ALT为指标,并采用MTT法对细胞活性和增殖进行检测,观察肝复康滴丸含药血清对肝损伤原代细胞的保护作用。结果:肝复康滴丸含药血清可使肝损伤大鼠原代细胞的增殖率明显提高,AST和ALT的含量明显降低。结论:肝复康滴丸具有很好的肝细胞保护作用。     

挽肝Ⅱ号对大鼠急性肝损伤的防护作用

探讨中药挽肝Ⅱ号对大鼠急性肝损伤的防护作用。以Ｄ－氨基半乳糖（Ｄ－ＧＬａＮ）诱发大鼠急性肝损伤模型，动态观察血浆肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、血清Ｆ蛋白（ＦＰ）、总胆红素（ＴＢ）、凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）和谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）５项指标（简称“五指标”）的含量变化；并与挽肝Ⅱ号保护组相比较。结果，实验急性肝损伤动物“五指标”含量明显升高，与正常对照组相比（Ｐ＜０．０１）；肝病理特点为点、片状坏死，而中药挽肝Ⅱ号保护组大鼠“五指标”含量显著低于非保护组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），肝组织仅有少数肝细胞坏死。结论，挽肝Ⅱ号具有十分明显的保护肝细胞，抗急性肝损伤的作用     

大黄、赤芍对术后肝衰竭大鼠肝组织PCNA的影响

目的:探讨大黄、赤芍对90%肝叶切除后肝衰竭大鼠肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的影响。方法:SPF级Wistar大鼠300只随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组、大黄注射液组、赤芍注射液组、大黄与赤芍联合组、促肝细胞生长素组。采用90%肝叶切除术构建大鼠肝衰竭肝再生模型,在高倍光镜下,每张切片随机选取10个高倍视野,每个视野内观察100个细胞,记录1000个肝细胞中PCNA标记阳性的肝细胞数量,并观察大鼠术后96 h内存活率。结果:大黄、赤芍可以提升大鼠肝组织中增殖细胞核抗原水平,提高术后大鼠存活率。结论:大黄、赤芍具有促进肝细胞再生作用。     

逍遥散药理研究及临床应用进展

1．1 抗氧化反应 吕氏等观察了“肝气郁结”大鼠模型肝组织，血浆丙二醛(MNA)和肝组织、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平及肝细胞超微结构变化，并从逍遥散治疗作反证。结果提示：肝郁模型大鼠过氧化作用增强，消除自由基能力下降，肝细胞受损。逍遥散能抗脂质过氧化，对肝郁大鼠模型肝细胞及脂质过氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

大黄、赤芍对术后肝衰竭大鼠血清IL-6的影响

目的:探讨大黄、赤芍对90%肝叶切除后肝衰竭大鼠肝再生指标IL-6的影响。方法:SPF级Wistar大鼠300只随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组、大黄注射液组、赤芍注射液组、大黄与赤芍联合组、促肝细胞生长素组。采用90%肝叶切除术构建大鼠肝衰竭肝再生模型,ELISA法测定血清IL-6,并观察大鼠术后96h内存活率。结果:大黄、赤芍可以增高血清IL-6水平,提高术后大鼠存活率。结论:大黄、赤芍具有促进肝细胞再生作用,其机理可能与其诱导血清IL-6的水平上升有关。     

丹参对新生期大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤神经肽Y1-36和降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的：观察丹参对新生期大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBI）后不同时间血浆,桥延脑神经肽Y1－36和降钙素基因相关肽免疫活性物质（ir-NPY,ir-CGRP)含量的影响。方法：7日龄大鼠随机分为HIBI组（A组）,HIBI加丹参治疗组（B组）和假手术组（C组）,每组按不同时间各分成4个小组。在新生期大鼠HIBI后即刻及其后每12h向腹腔注射丹参注射液,每次0.5ml。采用放射免疫分析法观察HIBI后即刻,12,24,48h血浆和桥延脑ir-NPY,ir-CGRP含量的变化。结果：HIBI后不同时间血浆ir-NPY,ir-CGRP含量均显著升高;桥延脑ir-CGRP,ir-NPY含量不同程度升高或降低。应用丹参注射液后血浆,桥延脑ir-NPY水平的上升被部分逆转。结论：中枢及外周神经肽Y1－36和降钙素基因相关肽参与HIBI的病理生理过程;丹参部分逆转新生大鼠HIBI后ir-NPY水平的异常升高,可能是丹能促进损伤后脑功能恢复的作用途径之一。     

Protective effects of electroacupuncture and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits

The aim of present study was to observe the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae (SM) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Acute ischemia/reperfusion of myocardium was set up by ligating left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in 24 rabbits which were divided randomly into control, EA, SM, and EA+SM group. Changes of plasma myocardial zymogram were found after ischemia in these groups. EA and SM were observed to decrease plasma IL-8 and epinephrine concentration and to increase 99mTc-MIBI intake ratio of myocardial mitochondrial, but enhancing or antagonistic effect between EA and SM was negligible. There was positive correlation between concentrations of plasma epinephrine and IL-8. The results indicated that EA and SM could reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protect myocardial mitochondrial by reducing concentrations of plasma epinephrine and IL-8. EA and SM could reduce the release of endogenic epinephrine, which was one of the mechanisms of lowering plasma IL-8.     

Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Fraxinus excelsior and Silybum marianum in an animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Fraxinus excelsior (FE) seed and Silybum marianum (SM) aerial part was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. After a single dose or 15 daily doses, oral administration of the aqueous extracts (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease of blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ diabetic rats (P < 0.001). From the first week, the body weight was increased in normal rats (P < 0.05) and decreased in STZ rats (P < 0.01) after FE administration. In addition, no changes were observed in basal plasma insulin concentrations after both FE and SM treatments in either normal and STZ diabetic rats indicating that these plants exert their pharmacological activity without affecting insulin secretion. We conclude that the aqueous extracts of FE and SM exhibit potent hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activities in normal and STZ rats, respectively, without affecting basal plasma insulin concentrations.     

板蓝根提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察板蓝根提取物Fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose(FG)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法连续灌胃FG10 d后,处死小鼠,测定体质量、脾脏及胸腺重量,计算脾指数与胸腺指数,观察小鼠免疫器官重量的变化;采用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验测试FG对小鼠非特异性免疫的影响;采用血清溶血素形成实验测试FG对小鼠体液免疫的影响。结果 FG能够增加小鼠免疫器官重量,提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能及增加B细胞产生抗体能力。结论 FG具有调节免疫功能,对非特异性免疫和体液免疫均有一定的增强作用。     

Protective effects of keishibukuryogan on the kidney of spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats

Keishibukuryogan, one of the traditional herbal formulations, is used clinically to improve blood circulation. It consists of the following five crude drugs: Cinnamomi Cortex, Poria, Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen and Paeoniae Radix. In this study, the effects of keishibukuryogan against renal damage in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats were examined. Oral administration of keishibukuryogan significantly attenuated urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine levels. It did not affect body weight loss and blood glucose levels, but it suppressed renal and hepatic weights of WBN/Kob rats. Keishibukuryogan also reduced fibronectin and transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) protein expression in the renal cortex. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation levels in both kidney and liver were significantly lower than those of untreated control WBN/Kob rats. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine was suppressed by keishibukuryogan treatment. These results suggest that keishibukuryogan reduces oxidative stress by hyperglycemia, and that it protects renal function and suppresses fibronectin deposition induced by TGF-beta(1) production in WBN/Kob rats.     

丹参等活血化瘀药物对实验性肝再生的影响

临床应用丹参等活血化瘀药物治疗慢性肝炎取得良好效果,我们实验也证明丹参对实验性急、慢性肝损伤均具有防治作用。此防治作用是否与促进肝再生有关,我们进行了如下实验观察。     

姜黄素对高脂血症大鼠血浆和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响

观察了姜黄素对高脂模型大鼠的降脂作用，同时还观察了其对血浆和肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果显示，口服姜黄素40mg／kg·d共10周，可使高脂模型大鼠血清胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量下降（P＜0．05），血浆及肝脏的MDA含量下降（P＜0．05）。姜黄素可使血浆和肝脏的SOD活性略有升高，但统计学意义不明显（P＞0．05）。结果提示，姜黄素对高脂模型大鼠具有降低血脂和抗脂质过氧化的双重作用。这一作用可在抗动脉粥样硬化中产生有利影响。     

水红花子对免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝功能的影响

目的:观察人用口服剂量40倍的水红花子20g/(kg.d)对免疫性肝损伤小鼠的影响。方法:观察水红花子20g/(kg.d)对BCG/LPS致免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果:水红花子20g/(kg.d)肝脏病理损伤明显,血清ALT、AST均显著升高(P<0.01),肝组织SOD值明显下降(P<0.05),MDA明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:人用口服剂量40倍的水红花子20g/(kg.d)可提高免疫性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏损伤程度,具有肝毒性。其肝损伤的作用环节可能与诱导肝脏自由基的生成,降低自由基清除酶的功能,破坏自由基代谢的动态平衡有关。     

Aqueous garlic extract attenuates hepatitis and oxidative stress induced by galactosamine/lipoploysaccharide in rats

Injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (DGaIN/LPS) is useful as an experimental model of acute hepatic damage. Juvenile rats were used for investigation. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract (AGE) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, intraperitoneal (i.p.) prior to the induction of DGalN/LPS, was investigated against DGalN/LPS-induced hepatitis in rats. DGalN/LPS (300 mg/kg body weight/30 microg/kg body weight, i.p.), induced hepatic damage that was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT)], bilirubin, lipid peroxides (LPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity level in serum. Also, the lipid profile in serum and liver homogenate including total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were significantly deteriorated. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; reduced glutathione, GSH; catalase, CAT and glutathione peroxidase, GPX) in liver homogenate were significantly decreased in the DGalN/LPS. Pretreatment of rats with AGE reversed these altered parameters near to normal control values. Results of this study revealed that AGE could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of DGalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage.     

青香丸(浓缩丸)对大鼠乳腺增生的影响

目的：观察青香丸(浓缩丸)对大鼠实验性乳腺增生的影响。方法：给雌性未孕大鼠注射苯甲酸雌二醇复制乳腺增生病理模型，造模的同时灌胃给药，测定乳房直径、乳腺体积及重量、脏器系数、血清性激素水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量，同时镜下观察乳腺组织病理形态学变化。结果：青香丸(浓缩丸)明显减小大鼠增生乳房直径、乳腺体积和重量，减少乳腺小叶数、腺泡数和腺泡腔直径；并且明显抑制胸腺系数的减少，显著降低血清雌二醇(E2)和MDA含量，对血清孕酮(P)水平有升高趋势。结论：青香丸(浓缩丸)具有调节性激素水平、抑制脂质过氧化、减轻乳腺组织增生性病变的作用。