脾动脉的解剖学观察

对54例我国成人尸体的脾动脉进行观察,结果如下: 1.脾动脉行程位置:观察38例,其动脉全行程在胰上缘者7例,胰后者7例。余24例中在胰上段者16例,胰段者18例,胰前段者22例,脾门段无。 2.脾动脉形态:直型者24例(44.44％),轻曲型22例(40.74％),显著曲型8例(14.81％)。 3.脾动脉起始处:始自腹腔动脉者49例(90.74％),始自腹腔肠系膜上动脉者一例(1.85％),以肝脾共干或胃脾共干始自腹主动脉者各二例(共7.41％)。 4.脾动脉长度及管径:平均长103.00±37.73mm(直型平均长88.25±17.80mm,轻曲型100.63±19.46mm,显著曲型158.50±62.35mm)。管径平均粗5.21±1.21mm,其中显著曲型者平均粗6.21±1.06mm。 5.脾动脉脾支分型:二支型48例(88.88％),三支型4例(7.41％),多支型二例(3.7％)。7例二支型及二例三支型均有上、下极支。有上极支者共19例(35.18％),有下极支者18例(33.33％)。     

285例腹腔动脉X线解剖分析

本文对285例腹腔动脉的 X 线解剖进行了分析.发现腹腔动脉开口于腹主动脉的左、正前壁者占88.1%;起始高度在第十二胸椎下份至第一腰椎上份之间者占76.8%;腹腔动脉主干直接分为胃左、脾、肝总动脉三大分支者占80.0%;发现39条肝迷走动脉,并有91条腹腔动脉主要分支存在变异.     

腹腔干、肝总动脉特殊变异1例

我们在解剖一具成年男尸时 ,见腹腔干、肝总动脉有特殊变异 ,为积累资料及为临床提供参考 ,现报告如下。1　资　　料腹腔干粗 8.2ｍｍ ,长 2 .4ｃｍ。在第十二胸椎前方由腹主动脉前壁发出向左行 ,分为脾动脉和胃左动脉 ,这两支的走行和分布与正常无异。腹腔干在距起始处 0 .2ｃｍ和 0 .5ｃｍ处分别发出左膈下动脉和左肾上腺中动脉 ,左膈下动脉在行程中尚发出肾上腺上动脉和胃后动脉 (见附图 )。附图　肝总动脉自肠系膜上动脉示意图肠系膜上动脉在第十二胸椎前方、腹腔干下方 0 .3ｃｍ、肾动脉上方 0 .2ｃｍ处发自腹主动脉前壁 ,向右下越过左…     

腹腔动脉干分支的稀有变异一例

腹腔干分支的变异在肝、胃及胆道手术中具有一定的意义.我们在一例老年尸体的解剖中发现腹腔干分支的稀有变异,现整理报告如下.腹腔干自主动脉腹部发出后分为三支,即脾动脉、肝总动脉及胃左动脉.1.脾动脉发出后经胰腺下缘的后方,向左行达脾门,长118.18mm,起始部外径为6.38mm,在距起始部38.70mm处发出胃后动脉,经网膜囊后壁腹膜的深面向上走行,再经膈胃韧带到达胃体后壁的上部.胃后动脉长20.42mm,起始部外径为1.84mm.2.肝总动脉在网膜囊后壁腹膜深面,向右水平走行,长31.48mm,起始部外径为6.20mm,到达十二指肠T部的后下方,即分为胃十二指肠动脉和肝固有动脉.(1)胃十二指肠动脉发出后经十二肠上部的后方向下走行,起始部外径为5.38mm,到达十二指肠上部下缘平面分为胰十二指肠上动脉和胃网膜右动脉.     

腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉共干起始五例

本文在调查48例成人尸体中,发现有5例(10.4±0.4％)腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉共干起始于腹主动脉,其共干起始的状态都不尽相同,现报道如下。在5例共干变异中,有2例起始于第十二胸椎的下缘,2例起始于第十二胸椎与第一腰椎之间,另1例位于第一腰椎的中部。共干的起始部距膈肌主动脉裂孔的距离平均为0.96 0.32(0.7～1.5)cm,共干起始部分的长度在0.5cm～1.4cm之间,平均长为0.84±0.40cm。共干部分均以锐角自腹主动脉发出,其与腹主动脉的夹角平均为60°     

胃后动、静脉的解剖观察及临床意义

本文观察46具尸体的胃后动、静脉,其结果:一、胃后动脉出现率为71.7±6.6％,胃后动脉起于脾动脉23例占69.7±8.0％,起于脾动脉上极支6例占18.2±6.7％,双胃后动脉4例占12.1±5.7％。二、胃后动脉起始处外径成人平均为1.81±0.52mm,儿童平均为0.98±0.25mm;终末部外径成人平均为1.45±0.48mm,儿童平均为0.75±0.23mm;胃后动脉长度成人平均为32.89±7.37mm,儿童平均为14.8±5.6mm。 三、胃后静脉出现率为56.5±7.3％,胃后静脉汇入脾静脉23例占88.5±6.3％,汇入脾静脉上极支3例占11.5±6.3％;胃后静脉汇入处的外径成人平均为1.61±0.85mm儿童平均为1.14±0.40mm。四、胃后动脉距腹腔干平均为29.27±15.19mm,胃后动脉距贲门平均为14.59±7.23mm,胃后静脉汇人脾静脉或脾静脉上极支处距门静脉平均为22.49±12.6mm。胃后动脉多有胃后静脉伴行,静脉以1支为多见。     

胃后动脉和静脉的解剖观察

本文对41例成人尸体胃后动脉。胃后静脉进行了观察和测量。胃后动脉出现率为78.0±9.4％(33/41例)。胃后动脉由脾动脉或脾动脉上极支或脾动脉和脾动脉上极支发出,以及极个别由腹腔动脉根部发出,均经膈胃韧带至胃后壁贲门侧及胃底的小弯侧,胃后动脉大多数为1支型,93.6±4.3％(30/32例),其余为2支型,6.3±3.7％(2/32例),胃后动脉长度平均为4.8cm,其外径平均为2.3mm。胃后静脉出现率也32/41例,与胃后动脉伴行者93.6±4.3％(30/32例),不伴行者6.3±3.7％(2/32例),胃后静脉大多数为1支型30/32例,2支型为2/32例。     

国人腹腔动脉的观察

本文观察了70例成人腹腔动脉的分支,并予以分型。以腹腔动脉发出的胃在动脉、肝动脉和脾动脉为基础,将其分为三主支型与二主支型。Ⅰ.三主支型共65例,占92.86％。该型又分为四个亚型,即胃—肝脾动脉干型(60％),肝脾胃动脉干型(24.29％),脾—胃肝动脉干型(7.14％),肝—胃脾动脉干型(1.43％)。Ⅱ.二主支型共5例,占7.14％。此型又分成三个亚型,即肝脾动脉干型(5.71％)、胃脾动脉干型(1.43％)和肝胃动脉干型。本文未见有肝胃动脉干型。     

脾动脉起始异常一例

作者在一具日本男性72岁尸体上发现脾动脉起始异常。解剖所见如下: 腹主动脉行程正常,在膈肌裂孔处自腹主动脉右侧发出右膈下动脉,其下前发出胃肝动脉千,再下5mm自前面发出脾肠系膜动脉干。胃肝动脉干起始部外经4mm,其上5 mm处发出左膈下动脉(外经8 mm),再15mm处发出胃左动脉(外经8 mm)及肝     

胰腺血管的3D解剖结构研究

目的 探讨胰腺周围血管的3D解剖结构及临床应用意义.方法 应用GE64层CT对50例体检者进行扫描,采用Myrian系统对胰腺周围动脉、门静脉、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉及肠系膜下静脉进行3D重建,并测量相关数据.结果 腹腔干、肝总动脉、肝固有动脉、脾动脉、胃十二指肠动脉及肠系膜上动脉可完全显示;门静脉、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉及肠系膜下静脉可完全显示;门静脉干长度为(44.28±10.23)mm,胰后干长度为(32.13±7.08)mm;门静脉与脾静脉之间的夹角可分为3型:Ⅰ型,<90°;Ⅱ型,=90°;Ⅲ型,>90°.30％肠系膜下静脉汇入脾静脉,56％汇入肠系膜上静脉,14％汇入脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉交汇点.结论 术前可利用Myrian系统对胰腺周围血管行3D重建,为研究胰腺周围血管提供解剖学基础,并可减少胰腺手术风险.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.