应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(摘要)

目的　评价Amplatzer封堵器 (深圳先健公司 )治疗动脉导管未闭 (Patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的初步疗效。方法　经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA共 7例 ,平均年龄为 2 0 .93± 15 .3 3 (3 .5～ 5 2 )岁。术中造影测PDA最窄处平均直径为 6.3 3± 3 .45 (2 .9～ 9.1)mm ,PDA均为漏斗型 ,经 7F～ 10F输送鞘管置入Amplatzer封堵器封闭PDA。术后 10min行左侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4～ 72小时行彩色多谱勒超声心动图检查 ,分别观察有无残余分流及有无PDA再通。结果　 7例封堵器均一次性放置成功 (10 0 % ) ,无并发症发生。术后 10min造影示分流完全消失6例 (85 .71% ) ,少量分流 1例 (14 .2 9% ) ,术后 2 4～ 72小时彩色多谱勒超声示原 1例少量分流者仍有微量分流 ,但无溶血。结论　应用Amplatzer封堵器 (国产 )治疗PDA是一种安全有效的介入性治疗方法 ,近期疗效可靠 ,成功率高 ,操作简便。     

经导管封堵婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的疗效观察

目的 :评价经静脉途径用 Amplatzer和自行研制的动脉导管未闭 (PDA )封堵器封堵婴幼儿 PDA的可行性和疗效。方法 :2 1例患儿 ,年龄 1.1～ 6 .0 (3.8± 1.6 )岁 ,体质量 9～ 30 (18.4± 8.2 ) kg,均经临床和心脏超声诊断为 PDA。全麻下经股静脉插入 6～ 8F输送鞘管 ,导入 Am platzer(6例 )或自行研制的 PDA封堵器 (15例 ) ,术前、术后测定肺动脉压力 ,术后 3d复查心脏超声。 结果 :2 1例患儿 ,PDA呈漏斗状 15例、管型 6例 ,PDA最窄径 2～ 12 (6 .7± 3.5 ) mm ,选用的封堵器直径为 6～16 m m,全部患儿均通过股静脉途径一次封堵成功。术后即刻心脏听诊杂音消失 ,肺动脉压均有不同程度下降。结论 :经股静脉途径应用 Amplatzer和自制的 PDA封堵器都能安全地封堵婴幼儿各种类型 PDA,成功率高 ,对动脉的损伤小 ,疗效可靠     

国产蘑菇伞封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效分析

目的　为评价国产蘑菇伞封堵器经导管封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)疗效及并发症,对我院用国产蘑菇伞行PDA封堵治疗的67例患者的临床疗效进行总结。方法　PDA患者,男15例,女5 2例;年龄3～66岁,平均年龄(2 1.3±12 .7)岁。术前超声心动图PDA直径2 .5～17mm ,平均(5 .7±2 .8)mm。经胸超声肺动脉压18～67mmHg ,平均(2 8.2±10 .4)mmHg ,左心室舒张末径(5 2 .3±1.7)mm。术中造影显示PDA最小直径2～14 (平均4.6)mm ,经导管测量肺动脉压18～68mmHg ,平均(3 2 .3±11.8)mmHg。应用F7～F9长鞘管输送国产蘑菇伞封堵器,行PDA封堵术。术后12个月临床随访。结果　66例(98.5 % )成功行经导管PDA封堵治疗,1例3岁患儿因其造影直径过大(14mm) ,而放弃封堵治疗。66例封堵成功的患者使用的蘑菇伞大小4/6～16/18mm(平均9.5 /11.6mm)。1例(1.5 % )患者在术后18h发生机械性溶血。1例(1.5 % )术后6个月出现再通。其余患者(97.0 % )在以后随访期间无残余分流或再通,未发现封堵器造成肺动脉和降主动脉狭窄。术后12个月经胸超声心动图显示平均肺动脉压(19.9±5 .9)mmHg ,左心室舒张末径(5 1.7±10 .5 )mm ,与术前比较变化有显著差异(t=8.2 71,P =0 .0 0 0和t =5 .0 3 8,P =0 .0 0 0 )。结论　国产蘑菇伞封堵器治疗PDA其疗效可靠     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的　应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性动脉导管未闭 (PDA)并评价其即刻及短期疗效。方法　 5例患者 ,男 2例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 6-2 7(18.40± 7.2 3 )岁 ,经临床、X线、超声心动图初诊为PDA ,并经术中造影证实 ,测量PDA最窄处内径 ,选择适当型号的输送鞘及封堵器 ,封堵缺损处。术后即刻杂音听诊及 2 4小时后超声心动图复查以评价疗效。结果　造影测量PDA最窄直径为 4-7(5 .2 0± 1.16)mm ,选择封堵器直径为 8-18(12 .80± 3 .2 5 )mm。手术全部获得成功。 4例杂音当场完全消失 ,术后 2 4小时及 1月复查超声心动图亦未见分流 ;1例存留不足 2级的收缩期杂音 ,术后超声心动图见微量残存分流 ,1月后复查残存分流消失。结论　Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭安全、有效、创伤小 ,可避免开胸治疗     

自制封堵器经导管闭合膜部室间隔缺损的临床应用研究

目的 :探讨用自制双盘状室间隔缺损 (室缺 )封堵器经导管闭合膜部室缺的可行性和临床疗效。方法 :6例先天性心脏病膜部室缺患者 ,男、女各 3例 ,年龄 6～ 2 2 (14 .0± 5 .6 )岁 ,均经体检、心脏超声和左心室造影确诊。用 7F输送鞘管从右心系统送入自制双盘状封堵器 ,封堵后 10 min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查 ,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后连续心电监护 5 d。 结果 :左心室造影测量室缺直径 3～ 5 (3.6 7± 0 .82 ) m m,所用封堵器直径为 6～ 10 (7.5± 1.38) mm ,6例患者封堵均获成功。术后左心室造影、经胸心脏超声检查显示无残余分流 ,心电监护无心律失常发生。结论 :应用自制封堵器经导管闭合膜部室缺是一种安全有效的方法     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的临床观察

目的探讨Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效、安全性及可靠性。方法治疗 1 2例经临床、心电图、X线和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查确诊的PDA患者 ,年龄 2～ 1 7( 6 .2± 3)岁 ,体重 8～ 6 2 .5( 2 3.1± 2 .3)kg。其中2例经外科行“动脉导管结扎术”后再通患者。采用美国AGA公司生产的Amplatzer自膨性蘑菇状封堵器 ,选择封堵器的型号较PDA最窄径大 2mm ,用 6F传送鞘经静脉置入 ,术后即刻行胸主动脉造影。手术前、后均行血液动力学监测 ,术后 2 4h、3个月、6个月、1 2个月行心脏彩色多普勒超声及X线检查。结果PDA最窄径 1 .8～ 6 .3( 3.7± 1 .4 )mm ,手术成功率 1 0 0 % ,术后即刻听诊杂音消失者 1 1例 ,轻度收缩期杂音者 1例。 1 5min后胸主动脉造影显示 1 1例完全闭塞( 91 .6 % ) ,仅 1例有极少量残余分流 ,术后 72h彩色多普勒超声复查分流消失。全组患者无任何导管及临床并发症发生 ,随访 3～ 1 2 ( 7.3± 2 .7)个月 ,所有患者无PDA再通及封堵器移位。结论Amplatzer封堵器操作简便 ,安全有效 ,成功率高 ,适用于各种类型PDA ,患者也容易接受 ,是目前介入治疗PDA最理想的方法。在临床上具有广泛应用前景     

蘑菇伞封堵器封堵动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的　探讨经皮经股静脉途径蘑菇伞封堵器封堵治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的即刻及短期疗效。　方法　 4 6例单纯 PDA患者 (男性 2 0例 ,女性 2 6例 ,年龄 10 .3± 10 .6岁 ,体重 2 4 .1± 14 .7kg,X线主动脉造影测量PDA最窄处的直径 6 .0± 2 .1mm ,长度 7.6± 1.6 mm。采用蘑菇伞动脉导管封堵器经皮经股静脉封堵治疗 PDA,应用 X线造影术观察即刻疗效 ,并以超声心动图观察短期疗效、随访半年。　结果　 4 6例患者封堵治疗的成功率为 95 .7% ,其中 1例发生急性溶血予手术取出封堵器 ,1例因选用最大封堵器未能完全封堵 PDA而予收回封堵器。即刻及 6个月内随访未发生封堵器脱落及其他严重并发症 ;术后即刻、30 m in、1天、1个月、6个月分流完全阻断率为 5 6 .8% ,86 .4 % ,88.6 % ,95 .5 %和 97.7%。最终所选择的封堵器尺寸 (D2 )与 X线造影测量的 PDA最小直径 (D1 )之间呈线性相关关系 :D2 =1.6 D1 - 0 .1(r=0 .96 ,SE=1.0 4 )。　结论　蘑菇伞动脉导管封堵器治疗 PDA痛苦少、安全性高、短期疗效好 ,长期疗效尚需多中心大规模临床验证。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭效果评价

目的 :评价 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 ( PDA)的疗效。方法 :6例患者经静脉使用 6 F输送鞘管置入 Amplatzer封堵器。术后 2 4 h和 6个月行超声心动图检查。结果 :PDA平均最小直径为 4 .4± 1.6 mm( 3～8m m) ,6例封堵均获成功。造影示无残余分流 5例 ,微量残余分流 1例 ,2 4 h超声心动图检查残余分流消失。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管封堵动脉导管未闭安全简便、疗效可靠 ,是治疗动脉导管未闭的理想方法     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭疗效观察

目的　应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭 (patentductusarteriosus ,PDA)并评价其临床疗效。 方法　 7例患者 ,女 2例 ,男 5例 ,年龄 2 .5～ 5 6岁 ,体重 10 .0～ 73 .5kg ,均经超声心动图确诊。术中行右心导管测压后 ,进行主动脉弓降部造影 ,以确定PDA的位置、形状及最窄直径。选择大于所测PDA最窄直径 3～ 6mm的封堵器 ,于透视下经输送鞘管将其封堵于PDA处。 10分钟后重复造影 ,若封堵器形状、位置满意 ,无或仅有微～少量残余分流时 ,可释放封堵器。术后 1周 ,1～ 6个月行超声心动图、心血管摄片检查 ,观察残余分流情况、封堵器位置及心脏大小的变化。结果　主动脉弓降部造影显示PDA均呈管型 ,PDA最窄直径平均为 5 .5± 3 .1mm ( 3 .0～ 11.8mm )。均有肺动脉高压 ,其中轻度 6例 ,重度 1例。 7例封堵器均放置成功。造影示 6例即刻完全封堵 ,1例有微量残余分流 ,此患者术后 18小时发生急性溶血 ,经内科保守治疗治愈 ,术后 1个月彩色多普勒超声心动图示残余分流消失 ,随访 6个月 7例患者心脏均有不同程度缩小。结论　应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA是一种方法简便 ,成功率高 ,近期疗效可靠的介入方法     

应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗先天性心脏病17例临床报告

目的:探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病心房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect ASD)及动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus PDA)的方法并对其疗效进行评价。方法:全组17例,其中男性4例,女性13例;ASD13例,PDA4例,年龄6—63岁,平均33.75±19.35岁。体重14—64kg,平均47.51±19.62kg。所有病例在透视、造影及食道超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器封堵ASD及PDA。术后24小时,一周分别行经胸超声心动图(TTE)及X线检查评价疗效。结果:全组技术成功率100％。术中未发生任何重要并发症。13例ASD直径的球囊测量值为12—36(29.75±7.13)mm,选择封堵器直径为14—38(29.75±7.15)mm;4例PDA最窄径3—11(5.3±2.07)mm,选择封堵器8—6mm2例,10—8mm1例,10—12mm1例,17例患者术后“小时行TTE检查,无一例存在残余分流,术后即刻完全封堵串100％,X线检查:全部显示肺血减少,心唐比例不同程度缩小。结论:经导管置入Amplatzer封堵幂治疗ASD及PDA是一种操作简便,技术成功率高、疗效可靠的介入方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.