经皮血管内治疗症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄

目的　研究对症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄进行血管内治疗的可行性和安全性。方法　 19例症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄患者接受了内支架成形术或球囊成形术治疗。结果　本组MoriA型病变 12例 ,B组病变 5例 ,C型病变 2例 ;狭窄位于大脑中动脉 11例、大脑前动脉 1例、颅内颈内动脉 1例、颅内椎基底动脉 6例。在球囊成形术 (3例 )和内支架成形术 (16例 )后 ,平均动脉狭窄率从 82 .9%下降到8.0 % (P <0 .0 1)。在围手术期内 ,除 1例 (左大脑中动脉MoriC型病变 )发生蛛网膜下腔出血、死亡外 ,余无严重并发症发生。存活的 18例平均随访 3.7个月 (1～ 9个月 ) ,未发生缺血性神经事件。结论　内支架成形术或球囊成形术是治疗症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄有效的方法 ,但安全性尚需进一步研究 ,C型病变应当视为禁忌证。     

复杂性椎-基底动脉重度狭窄介入治疗临床分析

目的 探讨支架置入血管成形术治疗复杂性椎-基底动脉狭窄的可行性、安全性及疗效.方法 2003年11月至2007年12月对5例复杂性多发椎-基底动脉重度狭窄患者进行了支架置入血管成形术治疗.结果 5例患者中,一侧椎动脉闭塞4例,另1例双侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄.治疗侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄合并椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄4例,另1例椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉多发重度狭窄.狭窄率80%～95%,狭窄段长度10～20 mm.支架植入手术全部成功,血管残余狭窄均小于20%,技术成功率为100%.术后全部患者椎-基底动脉供血不足症状均消失.本组5例患者术后6～12个月分别行DSA检查随访,均未发现再狭窄,近期疗效满意.结论 支架置入血管成形术是治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足,预防椎-基底动脉系统卒中的安全、有效方法,近期预后良好.     

血管内支架成形术治疗外科高危的复杂型颅外脑供血动脉狭窄

目的:探讨外科高危的复杂型颅外脑供血动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形术的安全性及有效性。方法:16例外科高危的颅外脑供血动脉狭窄的患者接受了血管内支架成形术治疗。结果:支架定位准确,12例患者血管狭窄完全消失,4例狭窄程度减少90%,临床症状明显改善,无手术并发症,随访12~36个月,均无TIA再发作或脑梗死发生。结论:血管内支架成形术治疗外科高危的复杂型颅外脑供血动脉狭窄是安全而有效的方法,长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

缺血性脑血管病304例血管造影分析

目的 分析缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞发生的特点.方法 回顾性分析304例ICVD患者的DSA资料,其中短暂性脑缺血(11A)188例,脑梗死116例,明确有无脑供血动脉的狭窄、狭窄的位置,判断责任血管.测量责任血管狭窄段长度及程度.结果 304例ICVD患者中发现脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞227例(74.7%),可判断责任血管193例(85.0%),其中单纯颅外血管病变104例(53.9%),单纯颅内血管病变70例(36.3%),颅内外串联病变19例(9.8%),TLA组的后循环颅外血管病变的发生率高于脑梗死组,脑梗死组的前循环颅内血管病变的发生率高于TIA组.两组责任血管狭窄的长度及严重程度均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 重症缺血性脑血管病患者脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞更多见,但责任血管狭窄的严重程度和长度与症状严重程度无关.     

颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的支架成形术治疗

目的　初步总结血管内支架成形术治疗颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的经验 ,探讨治疗的可行性、安全性及有效性 ,分析技术要点和围手术期处理。方法　 2 2例 2 3个颅内椎基底动脉狭窄进行了支架植入扩张成形治疗 ,其中颅内段椎动脉狭窄 10个 ,基底动脉狭窄 13个 ,术前平均狭窄程度 (72 .4±11.3 ) % (5 0 %～ 90 % ) ,平均狭窄长度 (6.8± 3 .1)mm(3～ 12mm) ,植入球囊扩张支架 2 3枚 ,作临床及造影随访。结果　 2 3个狭窄支架植入均成功 ,狭窄率降低到 (9.3± 5 .2 ) % ,无夹层动脉瘤、血管破裂、支架内急性闭塞并发症 ,手术造成缺血性小卒中 1例 (4.5 % ) ,无死亡。临床随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,无脑缺血性事件发生 ,血管造影随访 10例 ,无再狭窄发生。结论　症状性颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形治疗是一种有效、安全的方法 ,但远期结果仍需要进一步随访     

血管支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的研究血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法对27例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管腔内成形术。结果27例患者中,24例成功置入冠脉支架,术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度为(8±4)%,较术前(80±19)%改善明显。2例因支架置入困难改行经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)。平均随访18个月。25例患者术后短暂性脑缺血发作均未发生。无责任血管区新发脑梗死。1例支架置入后3h发生再灌注性脑出血。1例支架脱落后于颈内动脉虹吸部,后用抓捕器取出。1例支架置入术后6个月发生再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的一种较安全有效的方法。长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄

目的探讨经血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的适应证、疗效及安全性。方法应用经皮血管内支架成形术对13例经内科药物治疗无效的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄进行治疗。结果13例患者术前狭窄为(76.15±15.11)%,术后狭窄为(3.69±3.04)%。围手术期无并发症,术后无缺血性脑卒中发作,随访8~12个月,10例症状完全消失,2例症状较术前明显好转,偶尔有头晕,1例症状改善(DSA显示多段狭窄,左侧大脑后动脉闭塞,小脑后下动脉显影差)。结论症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者,内科治疗无效时,经皮血管内支架成形术是一种安全有效的微创治疗手段,可以缓解椎基底动脉狭窄患者的脑缺血症状,预防脑卒中的发生。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及疗效。材料和方法：对27例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行血管内支架成形术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄8例、大脑中动脉狭窄11例、基底动脉狭窄1例和椎动脉颅内段狭窄7处。结果：27例中,支架成形术成功26例(96．3%),狭窄程度从术前76．3±10．1%降至术后8．2±6．9%。其中1例因颈内动脉虹吸段过度迂曲导致支架植入失败,2例术后24h内发生颅内出血,1例术后发生支架内血栓再形成,无手术死亡。22例随访0．5～1a(平均7．5个月),无缺血性脑卒中发生。结论：血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的有效方法,具有较高的成功率及一定的安全性,但长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的内支架成形术

目的　研究内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的效果和安全性。方法　 2 0 0 1年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 4月间 ,16例症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者接受了成形术。结果　 7例为一侧椎动脉狭窄、对侧椎动脉狭窄或闭塞 ,7例为优势侧椎动脉狭窄或对侧椎动脉仅供血小脑后下动脉区域 ,1例为基底动脉狭窄 (孤立性后组循环 ) ,1例为狭窄的椎动脉直接与小脑后下动脉延续。狭窄段位于椎动脉开口部 10例 ,位于颅内段 6例 ,1例患者为椎动脉近端 2处狭窄。MoriA型病变 12例 ,B型病变 3例 ,C型病变 1例。全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,平均狭窄率从 73.2 % (5 0 %～ 95 % )下降到 5 .1% (0～ 30 % ) ,P <0 .0 1。在围手术期内无严重并发症发生。随访 1～ 12个月 (平均 4 .4个月 ) ,按Malek评分 ,疗效极好 15例 ,疗效较好 1例。结论　对症状性基底动脉狭窄进行内支架成形术是安全和有效的方法 ,但长期疗效需要进一步积累病例和随访研究。     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法对7例症状性颅内动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗。结果7例患者中6例成功置入8枚冠脉支架,1例因支架置入困难仅行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA),6例患者术后均未发生脑缺血发作,2例患者术后3～8个月复查经颅多普勒超声(TCD)血流通畅,未见内膜过度增生,1例单纯PTA患者术后症状明显改善,1例基底动脉支架成形术后出现动眼神经麻痹。结论腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期疗效还需进一步随防研究。     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄28例

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法 2006年7月—2010年12月,采用经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅内狭窄28例。结果治疗狭窄颅内动脉28支,其中置入冠脉球扩式支架16枚,Wingspan支架6枚,apollo支架6枚,支架不能到位,放弃手术1例。27支动脉狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(89.36±5.63)%下降至(4.23±1.57)%,无死亡病倒,术后27例患者症状均明显改善,1例基底动脉重度狭窄患者术后出现一侧肢体麻木的并发症,1例术后出现脑栓塞表现,3 d后恢复正常,其他26例患者无并发症,随访2～12个月,无短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发作,随访患者经颅多普勒超声(TCD)结果显示,原狭窄血管近端、远端血流速度和支架置入后24 h的TCD结果无明显差别。结论血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,临床效果好,并发症少。适应证的正确选择、术中熟练的导管导丝技术和围术期的专业处理是手术成功的关键,但其远期疗效还需要长期随访。     

Wingspan自膨式支架在症状性大脑中动脉狭窄中的应用

目的 探讨Wingspan支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉水平段(M1段)狭窄的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析32例经自膨式支架治疗的症状性大脑中动脉缺血反复发作、药物治疗无效的大脑中动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.本组男19例、女13例,平均年龄(49±19)岁.所有患者经过Gateway球囊预扩后,植入Wingspan自膨式支架.术后6个月对所有患者均进行电话或门诊随访,并建议所有随访患者进行经颅超声多普勒检查或血管造影检查,分析本组患者手术成功率、并发症以及临床疗效.结果 32例患者均成功植入支架,术前M1段狭窄率平均(76.5±15.4)%,支架植入后平均(19.3±9.2)%;球囊预扩引起1例颅内出血、1例M1段急性闭塞,无一例死亡.术后6个月随访无一例患者再发生缺血性神经事件;19例患者在术后6个月行经颅超声多普勒检查,结果显示血流速度正常;5例行血管造影.均显示支架段开通良好,8例患者拒绝影像检查.结论 采用自膨式支架对有症状的M1段狭窄进行成形术可行、安全,近期随访证实疗效确切,但长期疗效还需要进一步观察.     

Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenting in Surgically High-Risk Patients Using the Carotid Wallstent Endoprosthesis: Midterm Clinical and Ultrasound Follow-Up Results

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and midterm outcome of elective implantation of the Carotid Wallstent® in patients considered to be at high surgical risk. In a prospective study, 54 carotid artery stenoses in 51 patients were stented over a 24-month period. Three patients underwent bilateral carotid artery stenting. Institutional inclusion criteria for invasive treatment of carotid occlusive disease (carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting) are patients presenting with a 70% or more symptomatic stenosis and those with an 80% or more asymptomatic stenosis having a life-expectancy of more than 1 year. All patients treated by carotid artery stenting were considered at high risk for carotid endarterectomy because of a hostile neck (17 patients—31.5%) or because of severe comorbidities (37 patients—68.5%). No cerebral protection device was used. Of the 54 lesions, 33 (61.1%) were symptomatic and 21 (38.8%) were asymptomatic. Follow-up was performed by physical examination and by duplex ultrasonography at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the procedure. All 54 lesions could be stented successfully without periprocedural stroke. Advert events during follow-up (mean 13.9 ± 5.7 months) were non-stroke-related death in 6 patients (11.1%), minor stroke in 4 stented hemispheres (7.4%), transient ipsilateral facial pain in 1 patient (1.8%), infection of the stented surgical patch in 1 patient (1.8%) and asymptomatic instent restenosis in 4 patients (7.4%). The percutaneous implantation of the Carotid Wallstent®, even without cerebral protection device, appears to be a safe procedure with acceptable clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up results in patients at high surgical risk. But some late adverse events such as ipsilateral recurrence of non-disabling (minor) stroke or instent restenosis still remain real challenging problems.     

症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的Wingspan支架成形术

目的 评价Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性、可行性及近期疗效.方法 应用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗17例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者,观察支架置入前后症状、狭窄率改善、手术成功率及并发症发生情况,术后平均随访5个月.结果 17处病变,其中位于颈内动脉颅内段5处,大脑中动脉5处,椎动脉颅内段4处,基底动脉3处.16处病变经Gateway球囊预扩张后支架成功准确释放.1例因Gateway球囊无法到达靶病变,支架直接定位后释放.支架成功率100%.治疗前平均狭窄率为82%,治疗后残余平均狭窄率为43%.术后平均随访5个月,4例一过性缺血发作(TIA)患者未再次发作;12例卒中患者症状均有明显改善.1例发生并发症,考虑为对侧半球梗死.未发生出血性并发症.结论 采用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄有良好的安全性与短期疗效.     

Wingspan stent for symptomatic M1 stenosis of middle cerebral artery

Objective

Stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become an alternative treatment technique; however, stent placement for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis remains a technical and clinical challenge. Our purpose was to assess the safety and feasibility of Wingspan stent for patients with symptomatic M1 stenosis, and its initial effect on prevention of ischemic events.

Methods

Fifty-three cases with recurrent symptomatic MCA stenosis resistant to medical therapy treated by self-expanding stent were reviewed retrospectively (average 58 ± 18.5 years old, 19 women). All patients underwent angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway balloon–Wingspan stent system, and advised follow-up with DSA or TCD at 6th month.

Results

Patients had an average stenosis ratio of 76.5 ± 15.4% prior to the treatment. Of the 53 patients, the technical success rate was 98.1% as a whole (52/53). The mean degree of stenosis reduced from (76.5 ± 15.4)% to (18.2 ± 11.3)%. Complications associated with the procedure include subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.89%) and occlusion (3.78%) occurred. During a follow-up of 6 months, there was no recurrence of transient ischemic attack or stroke in 52 cases with successful stenting. Cerebral hemodynamics of MCA using transcranial Doppler monitoring were at normal level (<120 cm/s) in 41 follow-up patients. The follow up angiography at 6 month post-procedure was conducted in 32 patients and showed good patency in stented vessels.

Conclusions

Wingspan stent for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery is a safe and feasible procedure. It improves clinical outcome in the intermediate follow up, but its long-term effect remains to be further evaluated.     

Short-term arteriographic and clinical outcome after cerebral angioplasty and stenting for intracranial vertebrobasilar and carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safe performance of percutaneous transluminal cerebral angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic lesions requires that the risk of complications, such as acute occlusion or symptomatic dissection, and restenosis be reduced. Our purpose was to assess the effectiveness, safety, and short-term arteriographic and clinical outcome of cerebral angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for intracranial vertebrobasilar and distal internal carotid atherosclerotic occlusive lesions. METHODS: Between March 1998 and November 1998, 10 patients with 12 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions of the vertebrobasilar artery and the distal internal carotid artery underwent treatment with flexible balloon-expandable coronary stents. RESULTS: Although in two of the 10 patients CAS was not successful because of the inability to access the site of arterial stenosis, 10 lesions in eight patients were successfully dilated with stents. No complications occurred during or after the procedure and no neurologic ischemic events or restenoses occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: CAS appears to be a safe and effective means for treating intracranial atherosclerotic occlusive disease, yielding a favorable arteriographic and clinical outcome.     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging lesions after filter-protected stenting of high-grade symptomatic carotid artery stenoses

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical efficacy of filter devices in internal carotid artery (ICA) stent placement has been a matter of controversy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the number and extent of cerebral emboli, as represented by new lesions on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), in patients treated with filter-protected carotid stent placement. METHODS: Standard DWI (B0 = 1000) was performed within 48 hours before and 48 hours after filter-protected carotid stent placement in 50 patients with symptomatic, high grade (>70%), atherosclerotic ICA stenosis. Number, extent, and vascular territory of new DWI lesions after stent placement were assessed by consensus of 2 experienced neuroradiologists. Multifactorial statistical analysis was performed to determine risk factors associated with DWI lesions. RESULTS: New punctate DWI lesions with a median diameter of 2 mm were detected in 14 of 50 cases in the territory of the stented ICA and in 7 of 50 cases in other vascular territories. Median lesion load was 1 lesion (range, 1-15) per positive case in the stented ICA and 1 lesion (range, 1-7) in other vascular territories. All DWI lesions were clinically asymptomatic. Because of 1 hyperperfusion syndrome with temporary brain swelling, the 30-day stroke and death rate was 2%. Age >or =70 years was the only significant predictor for new DWI lesions, whereas sex, degree and site of stenosis, vascular risk factors, and stent and filter type showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS: New DWI lesions after filter-protected carotid stent placement are substantially more frequent in the ipsilateral ICA territory compared with other vascular territories. Therefore, intraluminal filters cannot completely protect the brain from procedure-related embolization. However, individual lesion load and the risk of clinically relevant ischemia is low.     

Initial experience of using the filter protection device during carotid artery stenting in Japan

PURPOSE: No filter protection devices for carotid artery stenting (CAS) have been formally approved for use in Japan; however, as of April 2008, the Angioguard XP (AGXP) was approved. This article describes our initial results using the AGXP during CAS for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 15 patients (14 men) with a mean age of 72.3 years (range 53-81 years) were treated by CAS using the AGXP. Among them, 10 were symptomatic with >50% stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery (ICA), and 5 were asymptomatic with >70% stenosis. The rates of technical success, periprocedural stroke, ICA flow impairment, filter movement, and development of new ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were assessed. RESULTS: CAS using the AGXP was successful in all cases. There was one minor stroke, and flow impairment occurred in six patients. Filter movement averaged 1.9 vertebral bodies. DWI showed new ipsilateral ischemic lesions in eight of the patients. CONCLUSION: Initial clinical experience using the AGXP for CAS has been generally sufficient. However, attention must be paid to three problems when using the AGXP: the filter may move after placement; the filter may disturb blood flow in the ICA; and debris may pass around the filter.     

Wingspan支架治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化严重狭窄的临床研究

目的 研究Wingspan支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性、可行性和中短期疗效.方法 113例症状性、颅内动脉粥样硬化性严重狭窄患者接受了Wingspan支架成形术,统计分析了手术成功率、手术前后狭窄程度变化、围手术期并发症、复诊临床疗效及再狭窄率,并通过χ2检验分析并发症发生率,与治疗该疾病的2项国际研究[药物疗效研究(WASID)和美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)多中心 Wingspan支架疗效研究]结果进行对比.结果 手术成功率为99.1%(112/113),血管狭窄程度由术前的(80.7±9.3)%降至术后的(27.7±9.7)%(χ2=9.397,P<0.05);随访1.0～28.0个月,平均随访14.5个月,总并发症率为4.4%(5/113),术后6个月再狭窄率为12.5%(5/40).WASID研究的终点事件、缺血性卒中率、病变区域缺血性卒中率分别为21.1%、20.4%、15.0%,该研究分别为4.5%、3.5%、3.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在WASID研究认为药物控制不良的狭窄程度≥70%、末次事件距治疗时间≤17 d和NIH神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)>1分3个亚组卒中率分别为19.0%、17.0%和19.6%,该组分别为4.5%、4.7%和2.0%,表明支架成形疗效优于WASID研究中的药物治疗疗效(P<0.05).与NIH研究结果(14.0%)相比,该组中期疗效(4.5%)明显提高(P<0.05).结论 Wingspan支架治疗症状性颅内动脉严重狭窄具有良好的安全性和可行性,围手术期内总的卒中率较低.主要终点事件、缺血性卒中事件的发生率低于药物治疗组;对于高危人群,支架成形术的疗效也明显优于药物.