结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除对端吻合重建手术

目的 探讨结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行右半结肠根治切除(right hemicolectomy,RH)联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)血管端端吻合的可行性.方法 总结2004-2011年吉林大学普通外科疾病诊疗中心、吉林大学第二医院普通外科行右半结肠根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除、联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除术后血管进行端端吻合5例患者的临床资料.结果 5例患者手术过程均顺利,肿瘤完全切除,无严重术后并发症及围手术期死亡,5例患者均康复出院.结论 结肠肝曲癌极易侵犯胰头十二指肠及(或)门静脉,行右半结肠癌根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除,联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除后均未间置人工血管进行端端吻合是一项安全可行的技术.     

联合脏器切除治疗局部进展期结肠癌

目的探讨对局部进展期结肠癌患者行联合脏器切除的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析1988～1998年对47例结肠癌患者进行联合脏器切除治疗的临床资料,对其肿瘤复发模式及患者生存率进行统计分析。结果本组患者有7例(14.9%)术后出现并发症,无死亡病例。病理证实周围组织器官有肿瘤侵犯30例(63.8%);局部复发8例(17.0%),远处转移16例(34.0%);5年生存率为40.4%。多因素分析,肿瘤UICC分期及淋巴结转移是影响预后的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论对于局部进展期结肠癌累及周围组织脏器的患者,应力争联合脏器切除治疗。     

结肠癌侵犯十二指肠的手术方式探讨

目的探讨结肠癌侵犯十二指肠的手术方式,评估临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析第四军医大学附属西京医院2013年1月至2014年12月收治的结肠癌侵犯十二指肠患者共26例,结合患者不同的临床特点及手术方式进行生存分析。 结果根治性右半结肠切除术8例,根治性右半结肠切除术+十二指肠壁缺损间断全层缝合术10例,右半结肠切除、空肠十二指肠端侧吻合+空肠Roux-en-Y吻合、空肠营养管造瘘术4例,右半结肠切除、胰十二指肠切除术1例,根治性右半结肠切除、胃窦及球部切除、胃空肠吻合术1例,横结肠-回肠侧侧吻合术2例。术后除1例发生横结肠回肠吻合口瘘,未发生十二指肠瘘、胰瘘等严重并发症,12个月生存率84.6%,30个月生存率76.9%。 结论结肠癌侵犯十二指肠时,术前影像学评估、合理的手术方式选择和积极的外科处理将有助于减少术后并发症,提高临床疗效,改善预后。     

局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除术：附15例报告

目的探讨局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌行胃癌或结肠癌切除联合胰十二指肠切除术的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析2004年5月—2010年12月15例侵犯胰头十二指肠区域的局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中原发或复发胃癌12例,结肠癌3例。结果中位手术时间6 h(4～12 h),中位术后住院时间21 d(7～63 d)。并发症发生率为46.7%(7/15),再手术率为6.7%(1/15),病死率为6.7%(1/15)。中位生存期为23个月;1,2,3年累积生存率分别为62.2%,44.4%,22.2%。结论联合胰十二指肠切除术可作为局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌侵犯胰头十二指肠区域患者的治疗选择。该术式可延长部分患者的生存期。     

以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月河南省肿瘤医院普外科采取以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线人路法行肝曲结肠癌(T4b)右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术13例患者的临床病理资料,以肠系膜上静脉为标识向上延伸作为肿瘤切除的内侧界。结果本组13例患者均顺利完成手术。平均手术时间(249±27)min,平均术中出血量(442±129)ml,平均清扫淋巴结(20±4)枚。术后发生胰漏2例,胃瘫1例,无吻合口狭窄、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、肠系膜损伤等并发症。术后平均住院时间(23.2±9.4)d。结论以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线人路法行右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术符合无瘤原则和结肠系膜完整切除原则,并且安全、可行。     

右半结肠肿瘤侵犯十二指肠的外科治疗

目的探讨右半结肠肿瘤侵犯十二指肠的外科处理方法及疗效。方法右半结肠肿瘤侵犯十二指肠患者26例,根据肿瘤浸润十二指肠程度,行十二指肠局部切除后直接修补6例、带蒂补片十二指肠浆肌层修补7例、扩大胰头十二指肠联合切除5例和姑息性手术8例。结果 6例十二指肠局部切除后直接修补者,1例术后发生修补处狭窄;7例带蒂补片修补十二指肠缺损者中,6例采用带蒂回肠瓣修补,1例采用胃浆肌层瓣修补,其中1例带蒂回肠瓣修补患者术后发生十二指肠修补处漏,经充分引流后痊愈,1例胃浆肌层瓣修补患者术后发生胃梗阻,2周后加作胃空肠吻合后康复;5例扩大胰头十二指肠联合切除者,1例围手术期因呼吸衰竭死亡;8例姑息性手术包括4例回肠横结肠侧侧吻合和4例十二指肠浸润旷置的结肠姑息性切除。结论合理的术式选择和积极的外科处理将有助于改善结肠肿瘤侵犯十二指肠患者的症状和预后。     

全结肠系膜切除应用于腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术的安全性及疗效分析

目的探讨全结肠系膜切除在腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中的安全性及短期疗效。方法回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤微创外科2009年4月至2011年11月连续收治的70例右半结肠癌患者的临床资料。结果共有65例行腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除右半结肠癌切除术患者纳入研究,全组患者手术时间120～285（中位时间185）min,术中出血量30～150（中位50）ml;中位淋巴结清扫数24枚／例;术后并发症发生率9．2％（6／65）,术后中位排气时间3d,术后住院时间7d。无30d内再住院患者及死亡患者。全组患者的2年总生存率为98．5％,2年无病生存率为83．1％。结论在腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中应用全结肠系膜切除技术．可以达到肿瘤的根治性完整切除：且可发挥腹腔镜手术术中出血少、术后恢复快的优势,并未增加手术风险,术后短期随访疗效良好。     

结肠癌侵犯十二指肠的外科治疗（附16例报告）

总结近５年１６例结肠癌侵犯十二指肠外科治疗经验。手术探查：除十一指肠侵犯外，多数病人还合并多脏器受累，本后病理组织学检查，４例肿瘤仅浸润肌层，７例区域淋巴结未见转移，右半结肠切除并十二指肠粘连松解４例，十二指肠部分切除空肠侧侧双Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ空肠浆膜瓣或吻合共５例，十二指肠成形术５例及胰头十二指肠切除２例。结果近期十二指肠瘘２例，因器官衰竭死亡３例，２年内二次手术探查５例，以局部复发为主。认为重视初     

胃癌根治联合胰十二指肠切除治疗局部进展期胃癌疗效分析：附11例报告

目的：探讨联合行胃癌根治及胰十二指肠切除治疗局部进展期胃癌的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2005年5月—2012年6月期间11例因侵及胰头或十二指肠而联合行胃癌根治及胰十二指肠切除术的胃癌患者的临床资料。 结果：行远端胃联合胰十二指肠切除术6例,行远端胃联合胰十二指肠切除加右半结肠切除5例,全组无手术死亡病例。术后并发症4例,其中胆瘘1例,胰瘘1例,腹腔感染1例,切口感染1例。患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别为68.2%,34.1%,22.7%。 结论：对能达到R0切除的胃癌侵犯胰头或十二指肠患者,行胰十二指肠切除术是积极有效的治疗方法。     

应用联合脏器切除术治疗进展期胃癌的临床分析

目的：总结联合脏器切除术治疗进展期胃癌的经验。方法：对1994年8月至2001年11月施行联合脏器切除的137例进展期胃癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：联合肝切除11例，脾切除25例，横结肠切除13例，胆囊切除15例，副肾上腺切除4例，脾、胰体尾切除38例，胰十二指肠切除13例，其他手术18例。手术死亡率为0。随访1年、3年和5年生存率分别为60.2％、26.3％和16．6％。结论：严格选择手术适应证，联合切除受累脏器可提高胃癌的根治性和患者的生存率。     

对局部晚期结直肠癌患者行联合脏器切除术的临床价值

目的探讨对局部晚期结直肠癌患者行联合受累脏器整块切除的临床价值。方法回顾分析182例局部晚期结直肠癌患者的临床资料。将97例行联合脏器切除治疗患者的疗效与同期85例未行联合脏器切除治疗者进行对比分析。结果97例患者切除的相关脏器为165个,经病理组织学证实51例(52.6%)的50个相关脏器(30.3%)有癌浸润,另外46例(47.4%)的115个(69.7%)相关脏器为炎性浸润,受累脏器以小肠最为常见,占28.9%(28/97)。经联合脏器切除后,97例患者1、3、5年生存率分别为83.5%、67.1%和49.4%;而同期85例仅行肿瘤局部切除或姑息切除治疗者1、3、5年生存率分别为81.1%,58.8%和10.5%。结论对于局部晚期的结直肠癌患者,积极施行周围联合脏器切除术,是提高5年生存率的一项重要措施。     

Long-term results of surgical resection of locally advanced colorectal carcinoma

This study was undertaken to review the long-term results of multivisceral resection of locally advanced colorectal carcinoma. Between 1964 and 1980, 1042 patients underwent exploratory surgery for colorectal cancer. Of these, 58 patients (5.5%) underwent curative multivisceral resection for suspected contiguous invasion by the primary tumor. Follow-up was complete for all patients. The primary tumors were located in the rectum (38 patients), sigmoid (9 patients), left colon (6 patients), and right colon (5 patients). En bloc resection of other viscera included uterus, adnexa, bladder, vagina, small intestine, abdominal wall, liver, stomach, kidney, and ureter. The operative morbidity and mortality rates were 31% and 1.7%, respectively. Resection margins were free of tumor in 54 patients. In the four patients with tumor-positive resection margins, recurrence of disease was evident between 8 and 22 weeks after surgery (mean survival time, 8.2 months). Carcinomatous invasion of the resected contiguous organ was confirmed in 49 patients (84%). The mean survival time for patients without lymph node metastases was 100.7 months, but it was only 16.2 months (p less than 0.01) for patients with lymph node metastases. Actuarial 5-year disease-free survival rate for patients without lymph node metastases was 76% (36 of 47 patients). None of the patients (0 of 11) with lymph node metastases survived for 5 years. Three of 36 of the 5-year survivors experienced recurrence of disease before the seventh postoperative year; no cancer-related deaths occurred between 7 and 25 years. These data suggest that survival in locally advanced colorectal carcinoma is more dependent on lymph node status than on the extent of local invasion. Effective disease control associated with survival in the long term can be achieved by multivisceral resection.     

Extended resection in locally advanced colon cancer

Colorectal malignant tumors with a mono o multivisceral involvement have a poor prognosis and surgery is the only treatment with a hope to be curative. Aggressive surgical management of locally advanced colo-rectal cancer seems to be justified by good oncological results. At the Institute of Clinica Chirurgica of the University of Trieste 58 extended resections were performed for advanced tumors of colon and rectum. The specific morbidity rate was 24% for standard and 24.1% for extended resections. Operative morality was 15.2%; hystological specimen confirmed in 31 cases neoplastic infiltration of contigous structures. The 5 year survival rate was 38.5% in right colonic tumors and 53.3% in left colonic tumors. The literature favors an aggressive approach when the tumor adhesions are suspected. The excision of adjacent organs, whether or not they are microscopically involved by the tumor, is necessary to avoid leaving potentially curable disease The authors, analyzing their results, have also reported good results by management including resection of the colon and contigous organs if involved. Palliative therapy must be performed only if liver metastases are detected or in those cases when primary resection is not thecnically feable or in patients not able to tolerate the procedure.     

Multivisceral resections for locally advanced rectal cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of en bloc multivisceral resection of organs involved by locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Method A total of 312 patients with primary rectal cancer underwent surgery between January 1994 and April 2005. Of these, 57 patients (18.3%) had macroscopically direct invasion of an adjacent organ or structure, and underwent multivisceral resection with curative intent. Survival analyses were made by the Kaplan–Meier and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The postoperative mortality was 3.5%. The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 96.4%, 81.6% and 49.0%. Age (≥65 years), depth of tumour invasion (pT3 stage), lymph node status (pN0), tumour stage (III A–B), grading (G1), vascular and neural invasion (not extensive), type of adhesion (inflammatory) and type of resection (R0) were significant factors favouring survival in the univariate analysis. Only two factors, lymph node status pN0 (P = 0.007) and R0 resection (P = 0.005) were independently significant factors in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion R0 resection and pN0 status influence overall survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma.     

机器人辅助多脏器切除在治疗结直肠癌中的应用

目的探讨机器人辅助多脏器切除治疗结直肠癌的安全性及可行性。 方法回顾分析2014年11月至2017年12月吉林省肿瘤医院收治的13例结直肠患者的临床资料,选择机器人辅助联合多脏器切除术作为治疗策略。分析患者的一般资料、手术结果及肿瘤学结果。 结果全组患者中男7例、女6例,中位年龄60岁,其中直肠癌5例、乙状结肠癌8例;行整块切除7例,联合肝部分切除2例、小肠部分切除3例、子宫切除3例、卵巢切除4例、膀胱及输尿管部分切除1例、右半结肠切除1例。全组中位手术时间为225 min(90～360 min)、中位出血量50 ml(15～600 ml),无术中输血。全组共中转手术5例,其中计划性中转手术3例、非计划性中转手术2例。所有患者均达到R0切除,无围手术期死亡,发生术后并发症2例。 结论机器人辅助多脏器切除治疗结直肠癌是安全、可行的。     

浸润其他器官及局部复发结、直肠癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨浸润其他器官及局部复发大肠癌手术治疗的效果及手术治疗的要点。方法：回顾性分析本院１９７５年～１９９８年收治的浸润其他器官及局部复发大肠癌的局部浸润情况及合并切除率,直接法统计生存率。结果：①联合切除情况： １１６６例结肠癌中属Ｄｕｋｅｓ Ｄ期者１２３例,占１０．６％,行联合切除者４１例,占全部病例的３．５％,Ｄｕｋｅｓ Ｄ期病例的３３．３％;２ ３５６例直肠癌中属Ｄｕｋｅｓ Ｄ期者３０５例占１２．９％,行联合切除者１１７例,占全部病例的５．０％,Ｄｕｋｅｓ Ｄ期病例的３８．３％。②４１例结肠癌病人合并切除后的５年生存率为５３．８％。③１１７例直肠癌病人合并全盆腔器官切除者２７例,５年生存率为３３．３％（９／２７）,９０例联合部分器官切除后病人的５年生存率为４６．７％（４２／９０）。结论：对浸润其他器官及局部复发大肠癌病人,不论初发或复发,只要病人全身条件具备,应积极采用手术治疗的方法,对延长病人的生存期有重要意义。     

Results of multivisceral resection of primary colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: In about 10 % of all patients with colorectal cancer, the primary invention already discloses adhesions or infiltration of adjacent organs. En bloc resection of the tumor-bearing bowel segment with adjacent organs is done to give patients a chance for curation, since intraoperative differentiation is not possible. The aim of this study is characterization of the patient population as well as evaluation of the morbidity and mortality associated with this type of extensive intervention. METHOD: Between 1/95 and 6/04, we analyzed all patients with progressive primary colorectal cancer, who underwent multivisceral surgery with en bloc resection of at least one other organ. The target parameters were tumor characteristics as well as postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1 001 patients with colorectal cancer underwent surgery. 101 patients (10 %) required multivisceral resection. In 17 % the indication was exigent. About 70 % of the interventions involved the colon. Tumor perforation was seen in 17 % of patients with colon cancer and 16 % with rectal cancer. Resection of the inner genitals was most frequent in both colon and rectal cancer (26 and 84 %) followed by small bowel resection (21 %) and partial bladder resection (19 %). Other organs play a secondary role in rectal cancer while partial bladder resection (20 %) and abdominal wall resection (14 %) is observed more frequently in colon cancer. Resection of parenchymatous organs (kidney, suprarenal gland, spleen, pancreas, liver) and others like the stomach is quite rare in colon cancer. Actual tumor infiltration (T4 situation) was observed in 51 % of patients with colon cancer and in 64 % of those with rectal cancer. Local R0 resection (97 vs. 96 %) was successfully performed in nearly all colon and rectal cancer patients. The surgical major complication rate was 9 % in colon cancer and 19 % in rectal cancer. The mortality rate was 4 %. CONCLUSION: Multivisceral en-bloc resection enables local R0 resection in the majority of cases with primary colorectal cancer. Despite sometimes extensive surgery, this type of procedure is associated with an acceptable morbidity and mortality. Since long-term survival is comparable to that in the T category (T3 or T4), multivisceral en-bloc resection is not only justified but also absolutely required in interventions with curative intention.     

Gastrocolonic excision of cancer. Retrospective analysis of the immediate postoperative course and long-term survival in 18 patients

Eighteen patients underwent gastrocolic resection for cancer. Thirteen had primary gastric cancer and 5 had primary colon cancer (two of these 5 patients had local-regional recurrence after right hemicolectomy). Twelve resections were curative and 6 palliative. Twelve patients had more than 2 organs resected. Involvement of adjacent tissues or organs was present in 15 patients (11/13 gastric cancer and 4/5 colon cancer: 83%). All patients had immediate colonic anastomosis. The mean duration of postoperative stay was 22 +/- 8 days (SD). Mortality was 5.6% (1/18). Seven patients had post-operative complications (41%; 7/17); 3 of these 7 patients had anastomotic leakage (one colonic and two pancreatic fistulae; 3/17: 17.6%); the mean duration of postoperative stay for these three patients was 27 +/- 4 jours, (p less than 0.004). One colonic fistula complicated the 18 colonic anastomoses (5.5%). There was no reoperation in this series. The estimated 2-year survival for the entire group was 20%. The median survival was 9.5 mois; the median survival was 13.5 months after curative resections and 5 months after palliative procedure (p less than 0.01). The median survival was 8 months for gastric adenocarcinoma and 36 months for colon adenocarcinoma (p less than 0.05). Despite the poor results in gastric cancer extending to adjacent organs, complete excision is still recommended whenever feasible. Complete excision of advanced colon cancer may lead to prolonged disease-free survival depending on the lymph node status. With an acceptably low mortality, resection remains a better procedure than palliative diversion or exclusion for these advanced tumours.     

Results of the surgical therapy in advanced colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTION: In every 7th patient with colorectal cancer tumor has already spread beyond intestinal wall into surrounding organs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 01. 01. 1990 and 31. 12. 1998 763 patients with colorectal cancer were treated at our surgical department. 166 patients (23 %) presented with tumor contiguous or adherent to adjacent organs (cT4). RESULTS: In most cases tumor was localized in colon (109 patients, 66 %), in 57 patients (34 %) tumor was found in rectum. Potenzial curative resection (R0) was possible in 67 patients (40 %). 66 patients (40 %) had microscopic (R1) or gro beta residual disease (R2) and in 33 patients only palliative surgery was possible. Extended resection of adjacent organs was performed in 97 % in the group with curative resection. 11 patients (8 %) died after multivisceral resection. The 5-year survival for curative resection was 57 %, for patients with microscopic or gro beta residual disease 9 months and for palliative surgery only 4 months. CONCLUSION: Optimistic longterm results in advanced colorectal cancer can only be achieved after curative resection. After incomplete resection or palliative surgery median life expectancy is extremely poor.