Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Brazilian version of the Marijuana Expectancy Questionnaire

This study presents the translation and validation of the Marijuana Expectancy Questionnaire (MEQ-Brazilian Adaptation), which evaluates the expectancy of results in marijuana use, important for treatment and prognosis related to addiction to this substance. The sample consisted of 400 subjects, 217 males and 183 females, of whom 147 were marijuana users and 253 were non-users. In the user group, 90 subjects were marijuana-dependent. Semantic validation of the MEQ-Brazilian Adaptation was confirmed after evaluation and suggestions by an expert review panel. In the Brazilian sample, 78 items were applied; however, the decision was made for a statistical analysis using the reduced scale (55 items), with similar psychometric properties. For both scales, an alpha = 0.89 was obtained. Discriminant validation of the reduced scale was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Temporal stability was examined using a 123-subject sample with a one-week interval between test and retest, indicating that the instrument obtains a consistent response pattern over time (r = 0.990). MEQ-Brazilian Adaptation presented good psychometric results and can be used in studies that aim to evaluate expectancy of results related to marijuana use.     

Measurement properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory by cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

Background  

The impact of dizziness on quality of life is often assessed by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which is used as a discriminate and evaluative measure. The aim of the present study was to examine reliability and validity of a translated Norwegian version (DHI-N), also examining responsiveness to important change in the construct being measured.     

The Italian version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory: cross-cultural adaptation,factor analysis,reliability and validity

Purpose

To create an Italian version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory (PBAPI-I) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

The PBAPI was culturally adapted in accordance with international standards. The psychometric testing included factor analysis, investigating reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test/retest stability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC), and exploring construct validity by comparing the PBAPI-I with a pain numerical rating scale (NRS), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) and the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (Pearson’s correlation).

Results

One hundred and sixty-seven subjects with chronic low back pain (83 % compliance) completed the tool. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor (Time, Mystery and Self-Blame), 16-item solution (explained variance: 80 %). The questionnaire was internally consistent (α = 0.91–0.96), and its stability was good (ICCs = 0.73–0.82). As expected, the construct validity estimates indicated that the Time and Mystery subscales moderately correlated with the NRS (r = 0.33–0.54), RMDQ (r = 0.34–0.47), PCS (r = 0.37–0.49) and TSK (r = 0.30–0.43), whereas the correlations between the Self-Blame subscale and the same measures were poorer. The correlations with the HADS were moderate and poor (anxiety: r = 0.37–0.05; depression: r = 0.39–0.07). Maladaptive coping strategies were more related to pain beliefs than adaptive strategies.

Conclusion

The PBAPI-I has good psychometric properties that replicate those of other versions.     

Initial validation of the Swedish version of the London Handicap Scale

Objective: To adapt and evaluate the unweighted version of the London Handicap Scale (LHS) for use in Sweden. Materials & Methods: Respondent burden, linguistic validity and patient perceived relevance was assessed in 16 neurologically ill patients. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were evaluated among 89 stroke survivors six months after discharge. Results: Patients perceived the LHS as relevant and easy to understand and complete. Mean time to complete the questionnaire was 10 min. Cronbach’s alpha reliability was 0.85. The LHS differentiated between patients living at home and in special accommodations. As expected, scores correlated strongly and weakly with indices of related and more remote constructs, respectively. There were no floor-, but large ceiling effects. Conclusions: The observations reported here are in accordance with previous studies using the original British LHS and provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the instrument for use in Sweden. However, ceiling effects may limit its usefulness as an outcome measure.     

Development of the Italian version of the 42-item Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, CPCI-I: cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability and validity

Purpose

The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) and validate the translation in subjects with chronic non-specific pain of the locomotor system.

Methods

The questionnaire was developed following international recommendations. The psychometric analyses included factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation, ICC), and construct validity by calculating the correlations between the subscales of the CPCI with measures of pain (numerical rating scale, NRS), disability (SIP-Roland Scale) and depression (CES-D) (Pearson’s correlation).

Results

The CPCI was satisfactorily administered to 270 subjects with chronic non-specific pain. Results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, of the CPCI-I 8 subscales, 6 demonstrated good data-model fit (CFI and NFI ≥0.90, RMSEA ≤0.08). Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory in all of the subscales (0.71–0.80); the ICCs were good/excellent in all of the subscales (0.80–0.91). The correlations with the NRS, SIP-Roland and CES-D were poor in most cases as only the CPCI-Guarding subscale moderately correlated with disability (r = 0.31).

Conclusion

The CPCI was successfully translated into Italian and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties similar to the original and adapted versions. The use of the Italian version of the CPCI is recommended for clinical and research purposes.     

Translation, adaptation and validation of the American short form Patient Activation Measure (PAM13) in a Danish version

Background  

The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a measure that assesses patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self-management. This study validates the Danish translation of the 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM13) in a Danish population with dysglycaemia.     

Chinese version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey: cross-cultural instrument adaptation

Background  

Tobacco smoking poses public health concerns because of its high risk for many chronic diseases. Most smokers begin using tobacco in their teens and recent reports indicate that smoking prevalence is climbing among youth. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a worldwide, school-based, tobacco-specific survey, but cross-cultural differences limit its effectiveness in international studies. Specifically, the GYTS assesses not only the prevalence of smoking, but also tobacco-related attitudes, school curricula, and advertisements, which are culturally influenced. Therefore, we conducted this study to develop a Chinese version of the GYTS for both national surveillance and international comparison.     

Translation and adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Night Eating Questionnaire

The goal of this study was to translate and adapt the Night Eating Questionnaire to Portuguese and assess the reliability of the Portuguese-language version. The study included two phases. The first consisted of: (1) translation into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) correction and semantic adaptation; (4) content validation; and (5) assessment of the understanding of the questionnaire by means of 10 cm Visual Analogue Scales with 30 adult users of a nutritional support clinic. In the second phase, the questionnaire's reliability was assessed in 100 subjects with similar demographic characteristics to the first sample. In the fifth step, understanding of the instrument assessed by the visual analogue scales was 8.20+/-1.55 cm. The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach alpha of 0.78. The Portuguese version proved to be easily understandable, with good semantic validation and consistency, suggesting that the questionnaire may be a good instrument for screening the night eating syndrome. However, other psychometric characteristics of this instrument need to be assessed in samples with different social and educational levels.     

Translation and validation of the Dutch language version of the CDC Symptom Inventory for assessment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Background  

In a study by Wagner et al., the CDC Symptom Inventory was validated in a population selected from the inhabitants of a city in the USA, and proofed reliable for the assessment of the accompanying symptoms of CFS. The Dutch translation of the CDC Symptom Inventory is compared to the original and the psychometric properties are presented for patients in a tertiary care setting.     

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Mexican version of the kidney disease questionnaire KDQOL-SF36 version 1.3

Purpose

To translate the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-SF36) v1.3 questionnaire into the Spanish language, adapt it culturally, and validate it in the Mexican population.

Methods

The translation and transcultural adaptation were performed according to the recommendations of RAND Health (translation/pilot test/back-translation). We used coefficient alpha to determine the internal consistency, intra- and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to determine the test–retest reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients to confirm the construct validity.

Results

The questionnaires were applied to 194 Mexican on haemodialysis. In total, 37.6 % lived in the northern region of Mexico, 28.9 % lived in the southern region, and 33.5 % lived in the central region. The average age was 54 ± 16 years, and 54.6 % were male. The intra- and interobserver ICCs were ≥0.7 for most dimensions evaluated (range 0.5–0.9). The internal consistency was acceptable, with coefficient alpha values ≥0.7 for 12 of the 18 dimensions (range 0.4–0.9). The construct validity was acceptable, especially in the generic component SF36, with correlation coefficients >0.5 for most dimensions.

Conclusions

Psychometric testing indicated that the Mexican version of the KDQOL-SF36 provided valid and reliable scores that were similar to the results obtained with the original English version.

     

Empirical validation of the English version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory

Purpose

Cancer patients report that help in managing fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of their greatest unmet needs. Research on FCR has been limited by the very few validated, multi-dimensional measures of this construct. One exception is the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), originally developed and empirically validated in French. The present study validated the English version of the FCRI.

Methods

The FCRI was translated into English using a forward–backward translation procedure and pilot-tested with 17 English-speaking cancer patients. Cross-cultural equivalency of the French and English versions was established by administering both forms to 42 bilingual cancer patients. Last, 350 English-speaking breast, colon, prostate, or lung cancer patients were asked to complete the FCRI. A subsample (n = 135) was mailed the FCRI again one month later to evaluate test–retest reliability.

Results

The English translation of the FCRI was well accepted by participants. There was no item-bias when comparing bilingual participants’ answers on both versions. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized seven-factor structure. The English version has high internal consistency (α = .96 for the total scale and .71–.94 for the subscales) and test–retest reliability (r = .88 for the total scale and 56–.87 for the subscales).

Conclusions

The English version of the FCRI is a reliable and valid measure of FCR applicable to breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancer patients. Its multi-dimensional nature makes it an attractive research and clinical tool to further our knowledge of FCR.

     

The Spanish version of the "Nursing Stress Scale". A cross-cultural adaptation process

BACKGROUND: The cross-cultural adaptation of "The Nursing Stress Scale" used to gauge job stressors stress in hospital nursing staff members. METHODS: The translation-back translation method of translating this scale into Spanish and then back into English has been employed, rounded out with qualitative means and methods (focus groups). The original scale was translated in Spanish independently by two bilingual nurses born in Spain who had lived in the United States. In following, the text in question was translated back into English by two U.S.-born translators living in Spain. Two focus groups were formed, one comprised of male and female nurses and other of nurses aides from different units and hospitals. Lastly, a pilot survey was made of 20 professional nurses. RESULTS: The items were ranked by how difficult it was to come up with a phrase in Spanish which would be equivalent in concept to the original one. Fifteen (15) items entailed no problem, 13 entailing an average degree of difficulty and 6 a high degree. Following another translation of the problematical items and the inquiries made to one of the individuals who had written the original scale, a Spanish version was drafted in which 12 items showed two or more alternative versions, which were then assessed in the pilot survey. As a result of the groups, the conclusion was drawn that the types of job stressor perceived by nursing staff are comparable to those included on the original scale, with the exception of the "Break Down of computer" item, which is not applicable to our environment. CONCLUSION: An adapted Spanish version of The Nursing Stress Scale has been drafted, the subsequent assessment of its validity and reliability being required.     

The Insomnia Severity Index: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a Persian version

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to describe the cultural adaptation of a Persian version of the Insomnia Severity Index and to evaluate its psychometric properties by testing internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity.

Methods

Cross-cultural adaptation was carried out according to guidelines and included forward and backward translations, expert committee, and field test. A sample of 1,037 sleep clinic patients filled in a questionnaire package including the Persian version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-P), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, 624 of these patients were assessed by polysomnography (PSG). A group of 50 members of hospital staff responded to the ISI-P as the control group. Internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity with principal component analysis, discriminant validity with assessing the ISI-P’s ability to differentiate patients from control group and concurrent validity with exploring the spearman correlation with the PSQI, ESS, BDI, and corresponding parameters in PSG were followed to examine the psychometric properties of the ISI-P.

Results

The ISI-P showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78) and a 2-factor solution in factor analysis. The ISI-P discriminated well between patients and control group (15.90 ± 6.12 vs 10.10 ± 5.76, P value <0.001). Items and total score of the ISI-P showed a weak correlation with the corresponding parameters in PSG. The ISI-P total score was significantly correlated with total score of the PSQI (r = 0.74, P value <0.001) and the BDI (r = 0.42, P value <0.001), while it was not significantly correlated with total score of the ESS (r = 0.12, P value = 0.72).

Conclusions

Cross-cultural adaptation was successful, and the ISI-P has good psychometric properties. Using the ISI-P is recommended to evaluate insomnia in research and clinical settings in Persian-speaking people.     

Translation and validation of the Standard Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-C30

The majority of quality of life (QOL) questionnaires have been developed and used in English-speaking or Western European countries. The aims of this study were to provide the Standard Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 version 2.0), and evaluate its psychometric properties. The translation process included independent translation, back translation, a pilot test with gynecological cancer patients, and a review and approval by the original developers. Participants in the major study included gestational trophoblastic disease patients (n = 68), ovarian cancer patients (n = 105), and other types of gynecological cancer patients (n = 18). The average completion time of the Standard Chinese version was 8.1 ± 2.9 min. All item-subscale correlation coefficients exceeded the criterion of item-convergent validity (r > 0.40) except item 1, 5, 20, and 25, and all items correlated significantly higher with their own subscale than with other subscales except item 1, 20, and 25. The correlation coefficients among all subscales were significant but modest (r = 0.40–0.70). Seven out of nine subscales met the minimal standards of reliability (Cronbach's > 0.70). In conclusion, the Standard Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 is a valid instrument overall in assessing the QOL of Chinese gynecological cancer patients.     

Translation, cultural adaptation, initial reliability, and validation of Turkish 15D's version: a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument

This article describes the adaptation of the Finnish 15D standardized measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for use in Turkey and assesses its psychometric properties. The HRQoL is measured in a sample of 75 patients with Type 2 diabetes using both 15D and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) instruments. The internal consistency within the domains of 15D was high, with Cronbach's alpha values 0.89 for 15D scale and 0.89 for NHP. Significant correlations were observed between the scores of similar domains of 15D and the NHP in general health perception supporting the construct validity of the new 15D Turkish version. Overall, the results indicated that the adaptation of the 15D for use in Turkey was successful. The Turkish version was found to be a reliable and valid instrument. It is suitable and applicable to both clinical and population-based studies for the measurement of HRQoL in Turkey.