Amplatzer封堵器治疗成人巨大房间隔缺损

目的　评价Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗巨大ASD的安全性和可行性。方法　 12例住院患者 ,均经临床及超声心动图证实为继发孔型ASD ,以充盈球囊最大伸展直径加 2～ 4mm为原则选择封堵器型号 ,应用左上肺静脉法及经胸超声心动图监测放置Amplatzer封堵器。结果　 12例全部封堵成功 ,手术成功率 10 0 % ;术后即刻及一天、三天、三个月、六个月、一年复查经胸超声心动图观察无残余分流及影响周围瓣膜及静脉功能 ,无血栓栓塞事件发生 ,一例发生频发房性心率失常 ,经心律平 4 5 0mg/日治疗一个月后消失 ,无其他并发症发生。结论　Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗成人巨大ASD是一种安全、有效的治疗方法 ,经胸超声心动图监测封堵器放置可以提高手术成功率。     

多普勒超声心动图在Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸多普勒超声心动图（TTE）在引导Amplatzer封堵器介入封堵房间隔缺损（ASD）治疗中的应用价值。方法对106例先天性心脏病Ⅱ孔中央型ASD患者,经右心导管在TTE和X线实时引导下置入Amplat—zer封堵器,观察封堵器腰部卡于房缺处、左右心房面的两伞平行、稳定地夹于房间隔两侧,同时TTE检测无残余分流和周围结构的功能障碍。结果106例Ⅱ孔中央型ASD患者,4例封堵失败,101例一次性封堵成功。术后24h、1、5、6个月随访复查TTE,均无残余分流和其他并发症。结论TTE在Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗ASD中作用显著,具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性房间隔缺损

目的应用国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性房间隔缺损(ASD)并评价其疗效。方法12例ASD患者行Amplatzer封堵术,均在经胸超声心动图(UCG)及透视监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗。结果12例均获成功,技术成功率100%。术后即刻UCG显示2例存在少量残余分流,分别于1个月后、3个月后UCG显示残余分流消失,即刻完全封堵率达83.3%。随访2个月至1年,无残余分流及封堵器脱落,肺多血及右心房室增大较术前有不同程度的改善。结论在UCG指导下应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效的介入治疗方法。     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)经心导管封堵治疗中的应用价值。方法应用TTE选择适于行Amplatzer式封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者27例，在TTE监测引导下经右心导管应用房间隔封堵器关闭ASD。结果26例ASD获成功封堵，术后即刻、1天、1个月和3个月TTE检查显示封堵器位置稳定良好，无残余分流。结论在TTE引导下行ASD封堵术是一种简便、可靠和安全的方法。     

介入治疗巨大房间隔缺损的临床研究

目的:评价应用Amplatzer ASD封堵器介入治疗巨大房间隔缺损(ASD)的疗效。方法:所有患者均在X线透视和经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下,按照TTE所测的ASD最大伸展直径加4~8mm或者按所选封堵器周径﹥ASD周径的1/8~1/10选择Amplatzer ASD封堵器,操作采用"心房法"。术后随访行TTE、胸X片线及心电图检查,观察Amplatzer ASD封堵器的位置、形状及与相邻瓣膜的关系,了解肺血及心胸比例的情况,以评价其疗效及安全性。结果:63例ASD中,60例封堵成功,成功率为95.2%。术后即刻行TTE检查有6例存在少量残余分流,均于术后72h~3个月内消失;18例合并肺动脉高压患者术后3个月肺动脉压力均有不同程度下降;52例合并三尖瓣关闭不全及16例合并二尖瓣关闭不全患者术后3个月均有不同程度好转;早期有7例患者出现阵发性室上性心律失常,于出院前全部自行消失;术前8例心房颤动者术后有4例转为窦性心律;术前13例患者合并有完全或不完全性右束支传导阻滞,9例消失于术后6个月内,其余4例成为永久性。所有患者X线平片显示:肺血不同程度减轻,心胸比例不同程度缩小。所有成功封堵患者术后封堵器无组织反应、无金属反应,封堵器位置准确稳定,装置无变形及折断,无血栓形成及溶血等严重并发症的发生。结论:应用Amplatzer ASD封堵器封堵巨大ASD是安全的,有效的,但在操作中应注意防止封堵器脱落并发症的发生。     

40岁以上继发孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗的评价

目的 :评价 40岁以上继发孔型房间隔缺损 （ ASD）介入治疗的效果。方法 :全组 45例 ,年龄 40～ 65 （ 4 9土 7）岁。术前超声心动图检查 ASD最大直径 8～ 3 8（ 2 7土 7） mm。并发高血压 13例 ,糖尿病 2例 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 2 9例 ,二尖瓣关闭不全 8例 ,心房纤颤 4例 ,频发房性早搏 9例。所有病例均经导管置入 Amplatzer ASD封堵器。 1例大小紧邻的两个 ASD,采用一个封堵器关闭两个缺损。 1例两个 ASD相距较远 ,用两个封堵器分别关闭。术后 48h,1～ 3月分别行经胸超声心动图 （ TTE）、心电图及 X线检查。结果 :44例选择的封堵器直径为 10～ 40 （ 3 1土 7）m m。 1例双孔 ASD（分别 8m m和 16mm） ,分别采用 12 mm和 2 0 mm两个封堵器。封堵器置入均获得成功 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急诊手术病例。术后即刻 ,TTE显示 3例 （ 7% ）存在微量至少量残余分流 ;术后 48h TTE显示 2例 （ 4 .4% ）存在微量至少量残余分流 ;术后 3月无 1例残余分流。术后右心房、室缩小 ,心功能明显改善。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器适合于 40岁以上继发孔型 ASD的介入治疗 ,具有操作简便、安全、技术成功率高及封堵效果好等优点     

用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭(附23例报告)

目的　探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病心房间隔缺损 (atrialseptaldefect,ASD)及动脉导管未闭 (patentductusarteriosus ,PDA)的方法并评价其疗效。方法　 2 3例患者 (ASD 19例 ,PDA 4例 )。所有病例均在X线透视、造影及食道超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗ASD及PDA。结果　全组技术成功率 10 0 %。 2 3例患者术后 2 4h、1周行经胸超声心动图 (TTE)检查 ,有 2例存在残余分流 ,术后即刻完全封堵率 91 2 %。术后 6个月随访TTE检查示所有病例均封堵完全 ,无残余分流 ;X线检查全部显示肺血减少 ,心胸比例不同程度缩小。结论　经导管置入Amp latzer封堵器是治疗ASD和PDA的一种操作简便、技术成功率高、疗效可靠的介入方法。     

经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值. 方法全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者,均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器. 结果18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术;16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器,即刻完全堵闭,术后随访3个月至2年,TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭,未见残余分流.随访期间无任何并发症. 结论在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行,具有一定实用价值.     

经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的：评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值。方法：全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者，均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器。结果：18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术；16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，即刻完全堵闭，术后随访3个月至2年，TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭，未见残余分流。随访期间无任何并发症。结论：在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行，具有一定实用价值。     

超声心动图引导下经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术34例临床观察

目的 探讨彩色超声心动图（TTE）在经胸微创房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术中的应用价值.方法 对34例ASD患者行经胸微创封堵术,并于术前采用TTE测量各切面ASD长度及周缘情况,术中采用TTE监测封堵过程,术后采用TTE观察心房水平有无残余分流、封堵伞有无脱落及右心系统回缩情况.结果 TTE测量ASD长度为（14.54±7.05）mm,所选封堵器型号大于TTE测量值4～6 mm;33例经胸微创ASD封堵术成功,1例因ASD长度大、一侧无残端组织而无法牢固放置封堵器改开胸手术缝补;术后随访1周、1个月均无残余分流,封堵器封堵牢固、无脱落;右心系统回缩明显.结论 TTE用于经胸微创ASD封堵术能于术前准确测量ASD大小、术中及时监测与引导封堵过程、术后准确观察有无残余分流并评价疗效.     

经食管超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵治疗的研究

目的探讨经食管超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵术的方法。方法122例房间隔缺损患者,年龄10～65岁,男性36例,女性86例,在超声和X线共同监测引导下,用CardioSEAL和Amplatzer封堵器进行房间隔缺损封堵治疗。122例均经食管超声监测引导。结果经胸超声测定的房间隔缺损直径范围7.5～27mm,平均(16.5±4.3)mm,经食管超声测定的直径6～33mm,包括7例大于30mm,所有患者均有不同程度的右心房和右心室扩大。114例封堵治疗成功,无并发症发生。结论采用Amplatzer或CadrioSEAL封堵器,在经食管或经胸超声和X线共同监测引导下,可以安全有效地封堵治疗房间隔缺损。     

Transcatheter closure of interatrial communications with Amplatzer device: results, unfulfilled attempts and special considerations in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: We report our clinical experience with the Amplatzer device in transcatheter closure of 80 atrial septal defects (ASD) in children. METHODS: Among 99 patients (mean age: 7.2+/-3.8 years) with ASD selected by transthoracic echocardiography, procedures were performed in 80 patients under general anesthesia with fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) guidance. Optimal device size was selected after stretched balloon sizing of the ASD's. The patients were discharged at 24 hours after an evaluation with X-ray, electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period (FUP) was 38+/-14 months. Mean ASD size was 11.5+/-3.7 mm at TEE (stretched size: 17.6+/-3.9 mm). The mean size of the device was 18.6+/-4.0 mm. Procedure and fluoroscopy time were 52.1+/-17.8 minutes and 11.0+/-4.9 minutes, respectively. Immediately after the procedure 35 patients (43.8%) had residual shunts. Trivial shunt remained in only 2 of them (2.5%) after FUP. None of the patients had major complications. Minor and transient rhythm abnormalities were observed in 5 patients and trivial mitral regurgitation was seen in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: Amplatzer is an effective and safe device for transcatheter closure of ASD especially in pediatric patients.     

Closure of Atrial Septal Defects With the Amplatzer Occlusion Device: Preliminary Results

Objectives. This study reports our clinical experience with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in children, using the Amplatzer, a new occlusion device.Background. None of the devices previously used for transcatheter closure of interatrial communications has gained wide acceptance.Methods. We examined the efficacy and safety of the Amplatzer, a new self-centering septal occluder that consists of two round disks made of Nitinol wire mesh and linked together by a short connecting waist. Sixteen patients with secundum ASD met established two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization criteria for transcatheter closure. The Amplatzer’s size was chosen to be equal to or 1 mm less than the stretched diameter. The device was advanced transvenously into a 7F long guiding sheath and deployed under fluoroscopic and ultrasound guidance. Once its position was optimal, it was released.Results. The mean ASD diameter by transesophageal echocardiography was 14.1 ± 2.3 mm and was significantly smaller (p < 0.001) than the stretched diameter of the ASD (16.8 ± 2.4 mm). The mean device diameter was 16.6 ± 2.3 mm. No complications were observed. After deployment of the prosthesis, there was no residual shunt in 13 (81.3%) of 16 patients. In three patients there was trivial residual shunt immediately after the procedure that had disappeared in two of them at the 3-month follow-up.Conclusions. The Amplatzer is an efficient prosthesis that can be safely applied in children with secundum ASD. However, a study including a large number of patients and a longer follow-up period are required before this technique can be widely used.     

Usefulness of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the characterization of atrial septal defects in adults

In this report we present 12 adult patients in whom surgical or percutaneous intervention was considered for repair of atrial septal defect (ASD). Location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy of the ASD were assessed prior to intervention in all patients with standard and live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE). In the four patients in whom intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic reconstruction (3D TEE) was done, 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with 3D TEE. In the seven patients who underwent transcatheter closure device insertion, live 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with the sizing balloon. Additionally, since the sizing balloon measures a stretched diameter and area, a live 3D TTE stretched ASD diameter and area (derived from the actual live 3D TTE maximum circumference) were calculated and demonstrated improved agreement with the sizing balloon measurements. In all patients, > or =5 mm of atrial tissue was visualized surrounding the ASD. Further, with the addition of contrast enhancement, characterization of a small patent foramen ovale (<5 mm) was possible in one patient. Live 3D TTE accurately defined ASD location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy in all patients studied by us. ASD characterization by live 3D TTE agreed well with 3D TEE and sizing balloon measurements.     

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects under echocardiographic guidance without X-ray: initial experiences.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects is performed under fluoroscopy, but echocardiography has gained an important role in the procedure. With the new Amplatzer Septal Occluder a device has become available which is easy to implant with minimal fluoroscopy time. We developed an interventional procedure with this device under transesophageal echocardiography alone without fluoroscopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four patients (3 to 16 years of age, bodyweight 14 to 60 kg) with atrial septal defects centrally located in the oval fossa were elected for transcatheter closure. After sedation with midazolam and propofol a diagnostic and interventional catheterization was performed in all cases without fluoroscopy. Oxymetric shunt was Qp: Qs = 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1). Under transesophageal echocardiography, the defects were sized over the wire with a balloon catheter. Mean balloon stretched diameter was 10 mm (7 to 14 mm). Under transesophageal echocardiography an Amplatzer Septal Occluder was placed into the defect. In two patients this was achieved with a 5 MHz monoplane pediatric transducer, in two patients a 10mm 5 MHz multiplane probe was used. Complete closure was achieved in all patients and no complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in selected cases with an atrial septal defect located in the oval fossa and clear-cut echocardiographic findings, an Amplatzer Septal Occluder can be safely deployed under echocardiographic guidance alone.     

Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect with the Amplatz device: initial result and mid-term follow-up

OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous device occlusion of atrial septal defects (ASD) is, although with some limitations, an alternative to surgical closure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ASD closure using the Amplatz device. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to March 2000, 25 children underwent transcatheter closure of ASD at a mean +/- SD age of 8.7 +/- 3.1 years (range 3-15 years) and a mean weight of 31.8 +/- 16.7 kg (range 11-84 kg). Device selection was based on the stretched diameter of the ASD using the PTA OS balloon. The device was implanted under ultrasonographic and radiological guidance. All patients showed signs of volume-overload of the right ventricle. The ASD was single (n = 21), with two separate holes (n = 2), or cribiform (n = 2). RESULTS: The median +/- SD size of the device used was 21.7 +/- 5.4 mm (range 15-36 mm). In twenty-two patients (88%) the device was successfully implanted. A repeat echocardiogram was performed the next day before discharge. Two patients underwent surgery after deployment of the device due to mitral valve dysfunction (n = 1) or residual leak (n = 1). In a patient with a two-hole ASD, another device was percutaneously withdrawn, while still attached to the delivery cable due to incomplete occlusion. CONCLUSION: a) Transcatheter occlusion with the Amplatzer device is an effective treatment for ostium secundum atrial septal defects; b) the low complication rate and the short hospitalization period makes this procedure the treatment of choice in these patients, and c) ASD which are too large, cribiform or with deficient rims may require a different approach.     

老年房间隔缺损患者经导管封堵治疗的可行性及疗效

目的　探讨经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者的可行性及疗效。方法　 19例年龄≥ 6 0岁的老年房间隔缺损患者 ,术前经胸超声测量房间隔缺损直径为 10～ 34(2 4 .4± 8.2 )mm ,其中 3例患者为双孔型房间隔缺损。 11例患者合并心房颤动或阵发性心房颤动。X线胸片示心胸比例均 >0 .5 (0 .5 2～ 0 .70 )。术前心功能 (NYHA分级 )Ⅱ级8例 ,Ⅲ级 9例 ,Ⅳ级 2例。所有患者均在局麻下 ,应用X线透视和经胸心脏超声引导行房间隔缺损封堵术。结果术中测肺动脉平均压力 2 1～ 4 7mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ,其中肺动脉平均压力 >2 5mmHg者 16例。所有患者均用Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器或国产双盘状封堵器一次封堵治疗成功。所用封堵器直径为 14～ 38mm。 3例双孔型缺损 ,2例用 2 8mm和 32mm封堵器一并封堵 ,另 1例用直径 14mm和直径 2 6mm的封堵器封堵成功。所有患者于术后 5～ 7d行经胸心脏超声检查 ,无残余分流。术后患者心功能明显改善 ,随访 1～ 30个月 ,无封堵器相关的并发症。结论　经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者是一种安全有效的方法。     

房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用Amplatzer伞封堵房缺后心房纤颤的电复律治疗

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损后心房纤颤的电复律疗效。方法 :2例患者 （5 1～ 5 3岁 ）。在透视及食管超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损。术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h,和 1,3,6月 ,分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果。术后 6月行电复律。结果 :2例患者疗效均佳 ,房间隔未见残余分流 ,电复律成功 ,患者转为窦性心律 ,复律后无并发症及 Amplatzer伞移位。结论 :应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者 ,电复律易成功 ,是一种安全有效的复律方法。