Tile骨盆骨折分型在诊断后尿道损伤中的作用

目的 探讨Tile骨盆骨折分类与后尿道损伤有无相关性.方法 用Tile骨折分类法对78例后尿道损伤患者的骨盆骨折进行分类;用χ2检验对骨盆骨折类型与后尿道损伤的关系进行临床分析.结果 78例男性骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤病例中,C2/C3型骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的相对危险度(RR)为5.0,B1型RR为3.4,A2.2型RR为2.0.结论 骨盆骨折的类型与后尿道损伤密切相关,根据骨折类型可以初步判断尿道损伤的可能性.     

骨盆骨折类型与后尿道损伤的相关性研究

目的:探讨骨盆骨折的类型与后尿道损伤有无相关性。方法:用T ile骨折分类法对36例后尿道损伤患者的骨盆骨折进行分类;用F isher’s确切概率法对骨盆骨折类型与后尿道损伤的关系进行临床分析。结果:153例男性骨盆骨折病例中,C 2/C 3型骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的相对危险度(RR)为5.0;B1型RR为3.4;A 2.2型RR为2.0。结论:骨盆骨折的类型与后尿道损伤密切相关,根据骨折类型可以初步判断尿道损伤的可能性。     

后尿道损伤处理方式的选择(附79例报告)

目的 为探讨后尿道损伤选择最佳的处理方式。方法 对我院外科1990-01-2005—12间收治的79例后尿道损伤病人的治疗情况进行总结。结果 后尿道损伤为不完全性损伤,能够顺利地经尿道外口插入导尿管,不必进行复杂的手术;病情严重,如骨盆骨折,骨盆环不稳定,或合并下肢骨折、重要器官损伤等,采用截石位会加重病情,留置导尿管不成功,行尿道会师术或膀胱造瘘术;尿道完全断裂,病人全身情况好,无其他严重复合伤,宜采用工期吻合术。结论 应根据后尿道损伤病人的局部及全身情况选择合适的处理方式。     

骨盆骨折引起尿道损伤的早期处理

总结了骨盆骨折引起尿道损伤26例的治疗经验。5/26前尿道损伤,21/26后尿道损伤。伴复合伤20例。治疗效果优良15例(57.7％),较好4例(15.4%),较差7例(26.9％)。认为尿道吻合术和膀胱造瘘延期修复术效果最好,尿道会师加前列腺牵引术次之。强调早期处理休克的重要性,并根据复合伤的轻重缓急,灵活选择手术方法。     

骨盆骨折合并后尿道断裂22例临床诊疗分析

目的总结骨盆骨折合并后尿道断裂的诊疗经验。方法回顾总结骨盆骨折合并后尿道断裂22例患者的诊疗资料、手术方法与治疗结果。结果12例I期行尿道会师术;6例急诊行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术,Ⅱ期行后尿道吻合术;4例I期行后尿道吻合术;12例I期行尿道会师术后病人中,其中4例因瘢痕性尿道狭窄,Ⅱ期行后尿道吻合术2例,Ⅱ期行后尿道拖入术2例。术后22例患者均恢复满意。结论骨盆骨折合并后尿道断裂的患者表现病情轻重不一,应结合患者的生命体征等情况,根据个体化原则选择合适的手术方式治疗。     

骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的早期治疗

目的探讨骨盆骨折引起后尿道损伤早期的合理处理方法。方法对57例成年男性骨盆骨折并发后尿道损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中4例尿道部分断裂患者行留置尿管。尿道完全断裂者31例行尿道会师加牵引术,22例行膀胱造瘘二期尿道吻合。结果所有患者术后回访9个月～4年,4例尿道部分断裂留置尿管患者拨管后排尿通畅,但均尿线变细,经定期尿道扩张后排尿正常。31例尿道会师加牵引术者,拔除尿管后排尿顺畅23例,8例尿线变细,定期扩张后好转,1例排尿不畅。22例单纯膀胱造瘘者,分别于伤后4～8个月行尿道吻合术治疗。其中5例尿线变细,定期扩张后好转。结论尿道会师加牵引术在早期治疗骨盆骨折致后尿道断裂是一种有效的方法。     

Traumatic female urethral avulsion

Traumatic female urethral avulsion in the absence of a pelvic fracture is an exceedingly rare entity, with no consensus on its management. Here, we present a 35-year-old pregnant woman with severe anterior vaginal wall laceration and complete urethral avulsion secondary to straddle injury. Management consisted of primary urethral and vaginal repair.Complete circumferential rupture of the female urethra is extremely rare, and represents a challenging management situation.1 As the entire posterior length of the urethra is closely adherent to the anterior wall of the vagina; it is subsequently prone to simultaneous injury. Most reported cases were associated with pelvic bone fractures, but there is no current consensus on management.2 The diagnosis should be considered in cases of deep vaginal lacerations, with an inability to void with unsuccessful catheterization.3 Our objective in presenting this particular case is to highlight that early recognition and strict adherence to the principles of reconstructive surgery are necessary to maximize the results and prevent subsequent risks of morbidity.     

腔镜下尿道成型术治疗后尿道断裂2例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨腔镜下尿道会师术治疗男性尿道损伤的手术时机、方法和疗效。方法：2006年3月至6月男性骨盆骨折创伤失血性休克并后尿道完全断裂2例，均经一期耻上膀胱造瘘，一周后自尿道外口、耻上膀胱造瘘孔行膀胱镜下后尿道断裂会师术。结论：2例均获得成功。结论：腔镜下尿道会师术治疗男性尿道损伤，只需膀胱造瘘单孔辅助。手术器械简便，手术方法简单，伤后一周手术，获得与一期手术同样效果。     

Stoppa入路手术治疗骨盆前环骨折合并后尿道断裂

目的 探讨Stoppa入路手术Ⅰ期治疗骨盆前环骨折合并后尿道断裂的可行性和疗效。 方法 选取2012年1月至2015年7月采用Stoppa入路手术治疗骨盆前环骨折合并后尿道断裂患者16例。均急诊Ⅰ期行尿道会师牵引、尿道会师吻合或部分吻合,骨盆骨折重建钢板内固定术。术后随访6~36个月,应用Tometta评估和Majeed评分评价骨折复位和术后功能情况。根据临床检查及患者的主观感受评价尿道修复效果。 结果 手术部位平均切口长度12 cm,手术平均时间136 min。骨折复位Tometta评估:优11例,良3例,可2例。术后功能Majeed评分:优12例,良3例,可1例。尿管拔除后,12例排尿通畅,最大尿流率平均18.5 mL/s;4例出现不同程度的尿道狭窄,6例阴茎勃起困难,2例尿失禁发生。 结论 Stoppa入路手术视野清晰,操作安全,可Ⅰ期直视下实现对尿道断裂修复并骨盆前环骨折的复位和固定,是治疗骨盆前环骨折合并后尿道断裂理想入路。     

重症骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤的早期处理(附78例报告)

目的:探索重症骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤的安全、有效治疗方法。方法:对78例重症骨盆骨折伴后尿道损伤患者采用食指引导下,直接放置带有铁芯的三腔导尿管行简化的尿道会师加牵引术,术后适时行尿道扩张。结果:全组随访75例,其中64例可正常排尿,治愈率为85.3％,阳萎5例。结论:在多脏器损伤合并后尿道损伤时,正确应用尿道会师加牵引术,拔管后及时做尿道扩张可作为首选治疗方法。     

骨盆骨折致后尿道狭窄行腔内钬激光术与开放手术的对比研究

摘要：目的：研究分析骨盆骨折致后尿道狭窄行腔内钬激光术与开放手术的疗效对比。方法：选取我院2012年2月~2014年2月收治的80例骨盆骨折致后尿道狭窄患者作为研究对象,结合研究的需要,随机分为对照组和观察组,对观察组的36例患者采用腔内钬激光术治疗,对对照组的44例患者行开放手术治疗,术后对2组进行15个月的随访,继而对2组患者术中出血量、手术用时及术后尿道扩张次数等进行对比分析。结果：结合我院的统计分析得出,在治愈率方面,对照组为86.3%,观察组为83.3%,2组的对比无显著意义（P＞0.05）,在术中出血量、手术用时以及并发症发生率、住院时间等的对比方面。观察组均少于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：经我院研究得出,在对骨盆骨折致后尿道狭窄患者的手术治疗方面,相比于开放手术,腔内钬激光术具备了操作简便、手术用时短及并发症少等诸多优势,应当推广使用,对于复杂性尿道狭窄患者的治疗,则应当用开放手术。     

64例骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤的早期治疗

目的探讨骨盆骨折合并后尿道损伤的安全、有效治疗方法。方法对64例后尿道损伤的早期治疗回顾性分析,单纯后尿道挫伤者行尿道插管16例,尿道部分破裂或完全断裂者行尿道会师牵引术或会师牵引加固定术28例,一期尿道吻合术12例,病情危重者仅行耻骨上膀胱造瘘8例。结果留置尿管16例,排尿通畅13例,排尿接近正常3例。22例(78.6%)行尿道会师术者得到治愈,10例(83.3%)行尿道吻合术者得到治愈,耻骨上膀胱造瘘者均形成尿道闭锁,阳痿12例。结论尿道损伤的预后与早期诊治是否恰当有关,在多脏器损伤合并尿道损伤中,条件许可者应行一期尿道吻合术,其疗效好,病程短;不适合一期吻合者,尿道会师加牵引术可作为首选方法,对病情危重者以耻骨上膀胱造瘘术为宜。     

尿道会师术后尿道支架的应用

目的预防及治疗尿道狭窄.方法对骨盆骨折后尿道断裂患者,尿道会师术后应用尿道支架.结果明显地减少了术后尿道狭窄.防止因会阴部切开尿道修复所致的医源性勃起神经和血管的副损伤.结论本术式操作简单、安全、有效,有推广应用的价值.     

Managing urethral injuries in suburban India—general surgeon's perspective

Although, urethral injuries are relatively uncommon, their incidence has been increasing due to increasing incidence of road traffic accidents. Initial management of urethral injury depends upon the degree and location of the injury, patients'' haemodynamic status, and any associated injuries. Besides these factors, availability of clinical infrastructure and clinical expertise also play a significant role in making appropriate management decisions at the time of injury.Key Words: haematuria, pelvic injury, urethral disruption, urethral injury, urethral stricture, urethral trauma     

骨盆骨折并膀胱、尿道损伤的护理对策

目的：探讨骨盆骨折并膀胱、尿道损伤患者的临床特点及护理对策。方法回顾分析27例骨盆骨折并膀胱、尿道损伤患者的临床、护理资料。结果27例患者中合并膀胱损伤9例,男性尿道损伤18例;24例患者行相关手术治疗;因失血性休克死亡1例,3例合并尿道损伤患者出现尿道狭窄定期行尿道扩张术,余23例患者均顺利康复出院无远期并发症发生。结论个体化的综合护理方案,可以提高骨盆骨折并膀胱、尿道损伤患者的治愈率,减少并发症的发生。     

A case study of a new technique for the primary percutaneous endoscopic realignment of a complete urethral injury

The male urethra is vulnerable to injury with multisystem trauma, especially those that include pelvic fractures. Controversy exists regarding the optimal time to repair urethral injuries and different modalities exist for the treatment. We report the first documented case of percutaneous endoscopic realignment of a urethra using a previous cystostomy site that has been dilated using a balloon dilator.     

改良尿道拖入术治疗骨盆骨折后尿道狭窄或闭锁的临床观察

目的探讨尿道拖入术中采用Foley管经腹壁作牵引固定的方法,总结经验,提高治疗效果。方法用该方法治疗骨盆骨折后尿道狭窄或闭锁患者56例,对其临床资料进行总结。结果随访6～24个月,52例排尿通畅,无需尿道扩张;4例术后近期需行尿道扩张。结论改良尿道拖入术操作简单,效果满意。     

改良尿道会师牵引术治疗后尿道断裂的探讨

目的提高后尿道断裂手术治疗效果。方法对72例骨盆骨折后尿道断裂患行改良尿道会师牵引术,采用Foley氏尿管牵引固定于腹壁,改变传统牵引方向,增加牵引力等。结果72例患按排尿情况区分,治愈69例,好转2例,失败1例;阳痿21例;无尿失禁。结论改良尿道会师牵引术简便易行,安全有效,可显降低并发症的发生。     

Reconstruction of urethral injuries

OBJECTIVES: To highlight the complexity of urethral injuries and to emphasise their prevention. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Coast Province General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Twenty two male patients operated between 1997 and 2007. RESULTS: Surgery for urethral injuries was done on 22 patients; 16 were of the posterior urethra, five bulbar urethra and one proximal penile urethra. The posterior urethral injuries were due to: pelvic fracture in 14, penetrating stick in one, and one animal injury by a buffalo. The bulbar urethral injuries were due to straddle injuries in four and one gunshot injury. The penile urethral injury was by compression of the subject by a motor vehicle against a wall. Anastomotic urethroplasty was performed in 20 patients, of whom 16 had complete recovery. Surgery for all bulbar and the penile urethral injuries was successful. Failure of repair with restenosis occurred in four patients with posterior urethral injuries. Bouginage was done in one patient who subsequently required no further treatment. Eventual total obliteration occurred in three patients. Reoperation was done in two of these with complete recovery in one and failure in the other who had two further urethroplasties, optical urethrotomy and is currently on clean intermittent self catheterisation. The fourth patient awaits reoperation. Sutureless membranous urethroplasty was done in two patients with posterior urethral injuries in whom sutures could not be inserted into the proximal prostatic urethra. One developed stenosis a year later, had optical urethrotomy and commenced on clean intermittent self catheterisation for a while, without further trouble. The other developed total obliteration. At repeat surgery enhanced scarring with urethral shortening were found and the operation was abandoned. The Mitrofanoff principle was applied with an appendicovesicostomy; one form of urinary diversion with a continent catheterisable conduit. On follow up, now nine years, the diversion is continent, has no catheterisation difficulties, and no urinary calculi. CONCLUSION: Urethral injuries are difficult to manage. A two pronged approach is advanced; prevention and competent repair. Surgeons managing these injuries are encouraged to acquire the needed reconstruction skills. Emphasis on prevention is paramount. Appropriate road, industrial and occupational safety measures should be enforced. Iatrogenic injuries can be avoided by due care during catheterisation and urethral instrumentation.     

骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的早期处理

目的探讨骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤的早期处理方案。方法分析33例骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤病例的临床资料,在病情允许的情况下,急诊行尿道端端吻合术及膀胱造瘘术或尿道会师牵引固定术;若病情危重,仅行单纯膀胱造瘘术。结果31例患者经过1～7年随访,平均3．3年,尿道损伤早期治愈21例,并发尿道狭窄8例,尿失禁2例,阳痿6例。1例死于难以控制的大出血,1例死于晚期深部难以控制的感染。结论早期尿道端端吻合术及膀胱造瘘术治愈率高,尿道狭窄发生率较低,但阳痿发生率较高;尿道会师牵引固定术后多引起瘢痕性尿道狭窄,但缩小了尿道断端对合不良和错位距离,减小延期手术难度,为后期进行微创手术创造了有利条件;单纯膀胱造瘘术后必然遗留尿道狭窄,仅适用于病情危重的患者。