胃癌根治术后早期复发的临床病理特点及预后分析

目的:探讨胃癌根治术后早期复发的相关因素及预后分析。方法:回顾性分析235例胃癌根治术后复发患者的临床病理资料,对相关参数进行单因素和多因素分析。Kaplan-Meier法进行预后的生存分析。结果:235例患者平均复发时间为术后24.3个月,其中早期复发145例（≤2年）,晚期复发90例（＞2年）。单因素分析显示手术方式、肿瘤大小、脉管侵犯、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、术后化疗与早期复发相关（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示肿瘤大小（P=0.001）、淋巴结转移（P=0.007）、术后化疗（P=0.011）是早期复发的独立影响因素。生存分析显示肿瘤大小（P=0.013）、TNM分期（P<0.01）是预后的独立影响因素。结论:肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、术后化疗是胃癌早期复发的独立影响因素,且预后与肿瘤大小、TNM分期密切相关。     

Determining of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients who underwent D2 dissection for gastric cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine outcome of the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of dissected lymph nodes (MLR) in patients with gastric cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 111 patients who underwent D₂ lymph node dissection. The prognostic factors including UICC/AJCC TNM classification and MLR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. The MLR was significantly higher in patients with a larger tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion and perineural invasion, and advanced stage. Moreover, the MLR was significantly associated with the depth of invasion and the number of lymph node metastasis. The univariate analysis revealed for overall survival (OS) that stage of disease, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis (UICC/AJCC pN stage) and MLR were relevant prognostic indicators. Furthermore, both UICC/AJCC pN stage and MLR were detected as prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, as was perineural invasion. Our results indicated that MLR and UICC/AJCC pN staging system were important prognostic factors for OS of patients with D₂ lymph node dissection in gastric cancer in a multivariate analysis. MLR may be useful for evaluating the status of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.     

Risk of Lymph Node Metastases from Early Gastric Cancer in Relation to Depth of Invasion: Experience in a Single Institution

Background: An accurate assessment of potential lymph node metastasis is important for the appropriate treatment of early gastric cancers. Therefore, this study analyzed predictive factors associated with lymph node metastasis and identified differences between mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 early gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were reviewed in this study. Clinicopathological features were analyzed to identify predictive factors for lymph node metastasis. Results: The rate of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer was 15.3% overall, 3.3% for mucosal cancer, and 23.5% for submucosal cancer. Using univariate analysis, risk factors for lymph node metastasis were identified as tumor location, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, histological type and lymphovascular invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size >2 cm, submucosal invasion, undifferentiated tumors and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. When the carcinomas were confined to the mucosal layer, tumor size showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, histological type and lymphovascular invasion were associated with lymph node metastasis in submucosal carcinomas. Conclusions: Tumor size >2 cm, submucosal tumor, undifferentiated tumor and lymphovascular invasion are predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Risk factors are quite different depending on depth of tumor invasion. Endoscopic treatment might be possible in highly selective cases.     

Prognostic factors in patients with advanced gastric cancer with macroscopic invasion to adjacent organs treated with radical surgery

Background. The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer with invasion to adjacent organs is poor. The prognostic factors of patients with advanced gastric cancer with macroscopic invasion to adjacent organs (T4) who were treated with radical surgery was determined in the present study. Methods. A total of 86 consecutive patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical (potentially curable) gastrectomy with combined resection of other organs for macroscopic invasion to adjacent organs during surgery, were investigated. The organs invaded macroscopically were the pancreas in 43 patients, mesocolon in 29, liver in 7, transverse colon in 5, adrenal gland in 3, spleen in 1, diaphragm in 1, and other organs in 5. The prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. The cumulative 5-year survival rate of the patients treated by radical surgery with the combined resection of invaded organs was 35.0%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that location of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, histological depth of invasion, and extent of lymph node dissection were significant prognostic factors in advanced gastric cancer patients treated by radical surgery with combined resection of adjacent organs for macroscopic invasion. Conclusion. For patients with macroscopic T4 gastric cancer located in the middle- or lower-third of the stomach, aggressive resection of invaded adjacent organs with extended lymph node dissection should be performed to improve long-term outcome. Received: July 21, 2000 / Accepted: November 28, 2000     

Long-Term Outcomes after D2 Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer: Survival Analysis of a Single-Center Experience in China

Background: Early gastric cancer (EGC) is well accepted as having a favorable prognosis, but some patients experience an ominous outcome after curative resection. This study was aimed at evaluating predictive factors associated with prognosis of D2 gastrectomies in patients with early gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomies were reviewed in this study. The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The survival rate was estimated using theKaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The 5-year survival rate was 90.3%. Tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors for survival. Gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, macroscopic type and histological type were not significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis was an independent poor prognosis factor. Conclusions: Earlygastric cancers with lymph node metastasis have a relatively poor prognosis after standard surgery. Even after curative resection, patients with EGC with positive lymph nodes should be closely followed and be considered as candidates for comprehensive therapies.     

淋巴结转移阴性早期胃癌的临床病理特点及预后分析

目的:探讨淋巴结转移阴性早期胃癌的临床病理特点及其预后因素,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析1983年1 月～2003年12月河北医科大学附属邢台人民医院肿瘤外科收治132 例淋巴结转移阴性早期胃癌患者的临床病理特征与预后的关系。结果:淋巴结转移阴性与淋巴结转移阳性早期胃癌在肿瘤直径和浸润深度组间有显著性差异（P<0.05）。 两者在性别、年龄、家族史、肿瘤数目、肿瘤部位、大体类型和组织学类型分组中有显著性差异（P>0.05）。 本组获随访126 例,6 例失访,随访率为95.5% 。3 年生存率为91.3%（115/126）,5 年生存率为84.9%（107/126）。 单因素分析经Kaplan-Merier 分析筛选出浸润深度与淋巴结转移阴性早期胃癌预后关系密切（P=0.001）。 结果表明浸润深度是淋巴结阴性早期胃癌的独立预后因素。黏膜内癌患者的生存率与黏膜下癌者比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论:浸润深度是淋巴结转移阴性早期胃癌的独立预后因素。术前或术中正确评估早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状态是选择合理的治疗方案和改善预后的重要条件。      

早期胃癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的分析早期胃癌的临床病理特征与预后之间的关系。方法回顾性分析1994年1月至2005年10月间,在我院实施D2根治术且资料完整的255例早期胃癌患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Logrank检验进行统计学比较,Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果 255例患者的5年生存率为91.4%。单因素分析显示,肿瘤浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存率有关;而性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、大体类型、分化程度与术后生存率无关。多因素分析显示,区域淋巴结转移是影响预后的独立危险因素。结论伴有区域淋巴结转移的早期胃癌患者预后较差,标准胃癌根治性手术后应接受综合治疗并严密随访。     

新疆306例老年胃癌患者临床病理特征及预后分析

目的：探讨老年胃癌的临床病理特点及影响预后的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析306例老年胃癌患者临床病理资料,采用Kaplan-meier法计算患者的生存率,Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,Cox多因素回归分析与胃癌相关指标的预后意义。结果：随访的306胃癌患者中,存活123例,死亡183例,1、3、5年总体生存率分别为78.9％、43.2％、28.6％;单因素分析显示年龄、性别、民族、合并症、组织学分级、浸润深度、脉管及神经受侵、淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤标志物与胃癌的预后相关（ P＜0.05）;吸烟史、肿瘤家族史、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染史、肿瘤部位、甲胎蛋白（AFP）与胃癌的预后无显著影响（P＞0.05）。Cox多因素分析结果显示年龄、合并症、饮酒史、脉管侵犯、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、pTNM分期、根治性手术是影响胃癌预后的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、合并症、饮酒史、脉管侵犯、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、pTNM分期、根治性手术是影响老年胃癌预后的独立危险因素;而pTNM分期反映肿瘤的生物学特性和进展状况,临床应用价值较高。     

603例胃癌根治术的预后因素分析

背景与目的：胃癌在消化道肿瘤的发病率中居首位,总体疗效尚不理想,因此本研究对胃癌患者预后的影响因素做一分析。方法：回顾性分析我院603例行根治性切除术的胃癌患者的临床和病理资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算患者的生存率,用Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,应用Cox模型进行预后的多因素分析。结果：性别和年龄对胃癌的预后无显著影响（P〉0.05）。胃癌的组织学类型、大体分型（Borrmann分型）、肿瘤所处的部位、浸润深度和淋巴结转移度与胃癌的预后相关（P〈0.01）。胃癌的Cox模型多因素分析发现,胃癌的组织学分型、肿瘤所处的部位、浸润深度和淋巴结转移度是影响胃癌预后独立的危险因子。结论：影响胃癌预后的因素较多,以肿瘤的TNM分期与预后的关系最密切,其中淋巴结转移度对预后的影响比肿瘤浸润深度更大。     

早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律及预后分析

目的 分析早期胃癌的临床病理特征与预后之间的关系及早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律.方法 对1994年1月～2005年10月手术治疗并有完整资料的255例早期胃癌的临床病理学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 255例患者的总5年生存率为91.4%.单因素分析显示,肿瘤浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存率有关;而性别、年龄...     

Prognostic role of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Objective： To clarify the relationship between clinicopathological features and lymph node metastasis and to propose the potential indications of lymph node metastasis for prognosis in early gaswic cancer （EGC） patients. Methods： We retrospectively observed 226 EGC patients with lymph node resection, and analyzed the associations between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological parameters using the chi-square test in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis in multivariate analysis. Overall survival analysis was determined using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. We conducted multivariate prognosis analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results： Of all the EGC patients, 7.5% （17/226） were histologically shown to have lymph node metastasis. The differentiation, lymphovascular invasion and depth of invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without and the patients also had shorter progress-free survival time. Lymph node metastasis and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for EGC. The status of the lymph nodes was a significant factor in predicting recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Conclusions： The undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphovascular and/or submucosal invasion were associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis in EGC patients, whom need to perform subsequent D2 lymphadenectomy or laparoscopic lymph node dissection and more rigorous follow-up or additional chemotherapy/radiation after D2 gastrectomy for poor prognosis and high recurrence/metastasis rate.     

Prognostic significance of the ratio between metastatic and dissected lymph nodes (n ratio) in patients with advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic significance of the ratio between metastatic and dissected lymph nodes (n ratio) in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 777 advanced gastric cancer patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy at our hospital. RESULTS: The n ratio was significantly greater in cases with a large tumor, undifferentiated tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, or blood vessel invasion. Furthermore, the n ratio was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, level of lymph node metastasis, and number of lymph node metastases. The prognosis for gastric cancer patients correlated well with the n ratio. Multivariate analysis indicated that the n ratio, but not the number of lymph node metastases, was an independent prognostic indicator. Moreover, the n ratio was an independent prognostic factor in N1, N2, and N3 patients defined by the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer (JCGC). CONCLUSIONS: The n ratio is useful for evaluating the status of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Therefore, the addition of the n ratio to the N (nodal) category defined by the JCGC may be a useful strategy in the N-staging classification of gastric cancer.     

结肠癌根治术后复发转移的单因素和多因素分析

背景与目的:目前国内外有关结肠癌根治术后复发转移的预后报道尚不多,且研究结果不一。本研究旨在探讨结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素。方法:选择1999年1月至2000年12月在中山大学肿瘤医院行结肠癌根治术患者152例,Cox模型分析临床病理因素与复发转移的关系。结果:全组复发转移率为19.74%,肝转移率为9.87%。单因素分析显示,有无输血、病程、肿瘤大小、肿块活动度、分化程度、Dukes@分期、淋巴结转移与结肠癌术后复发转移有关,有无输血、术前血清CEA水平、肿块活动度、分化程度、Dukes@分期、淋巴结转移与术后肝转移有关;多因素分析显示,肿块活动度、分化程度、淋巴结转移与结肠癌术后复发转移有关,术前血清CEA水平、分化程度、淋巴结转移与术后肝转移有关。结论:肿块活动度、分化程度和淋巴结转移是影响结肠癌患者根治术后复发转移的重要预后因素,术前血清CEA升高、肿瘤分化不良、淋巴结转移的患者术后肝转移的风险增大。     

左半结肠癌第253组淋巴结转移的临床意义

  目的  探讨左半结肠癌第253组淋巴结转移及清扫的临床价值。  方法  回顾性收集2009年1月至2015年12月于海南医学院第二附属医院和海南医学院第一附属医院收治的629例左半结肠癌患者的临床病理资料,分析影响第253组淋巴结转移的临床病理因素及其与预后的关系。  结果  629例患者中58例（9.2%）有第253组淋巴结转移。肿瘤部位、pT分期、pN分期、癌结节、脉管癌栓和术前CA19-9水平与第253组淋巴结转移独立相关。分层分析显示,第253组淋巴结转移对pN1、pN2a和pN2b期患者预后影响均具有统计学意义。单因素生存分析显示,Ⅲ期左半结肠癌第253组淋巴结转移和未转移患者5年生存率分别为25.9%和65.0%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。倾向匹配后进行多因素生存分析,证实第253组淋巴结转移是Ⅲ期左半结肠癌患者的独立预后因素（HR=1.474,95%CI:1.072～2.498;P=0.037）。  结论  第253组淋巴结转移是Ⅲ期左半结肠癌患者的独立预后因素,第253组淋巴结状态对肿瘤分期、预后评估具有重要意义,存在该组淋巴结转移的患者预后不良。      

结直肠癌根治术后复发转移的多因素分析

复发转移是结直肠癌术后非常重要的预后因素,而复发转移的相关因素是大肠癌根治术后个体化随访和辅助治疗的依据。本文旨在探讨结直肠癌根治术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素。     

Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and p53 is a marker for an unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and p53 on the prognosis of human gastric cancer, the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumors and the clinical outcome were analyzed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expressions of HIF-1alpha and p53 proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry in 216 specimens of primary gastric cancer. RESULTS: HIF-1alpha(+)/p53(+) tumors more frequently showed an undifferentiated type, an infiltrative growth appearance, and an invasive lymphatic involvement compared with HIF-1alpha(-)/p53(-) tumors. HIF-1alpha(+)/p53(+) tumors also had more lymph node metastasis compared with HIF-1alpha(-)/p53(-) tumors. When stratified for HIF-1alpha and p53 positivity, the patients who were p53-negative and HIF-1alpha-negative had the most favorable prognosis, whereas patients who were p53-positive and HIF-1alpha-positive had the worst prognosis (P=0.0018). Using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and HIF-1alpha positivity were all found to be independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Thus, HIF-1alpha is considered to be a useful independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer, and the combination of a HIF-1alpha protein overexpression with nonfunctional p53 tends to indicate a dismal prognosis.     

Significance of Thrombocytosis in Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Purpose: We aimed to study the relationship between thrombocytosis and clinical features of gastric cancerfocussing on platelet counts and gastric cancer progression through different TNM stages. Methods: According to the normal range of platelet count in our institution, 1,596 patients were divided to two groups:a thrombocytosis group (120 patients, >400×1000/μL) and a control group (1,476 patients, ≤400×1000/μL). Results: The incidence of thrombocytosis was 7.5%. Higher platelet counts were observed in patients with older age, larger tumor size, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced TNM stage. In multivariate logistic regression, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were independent risk factors for thrombocytosis of gastric cancer patients. On prognostic analysis, age, tumorsize, tumor location, histologic type, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage and platelet count were important factors. Tumor size, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and the platelet count were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Thrombocytosis is associated with clinical features of gastric cancer patients and correlates with a poor prognosis.     

Validity and Necessity of Sub-classification of N3 in the 7thUICC TNM Stage of Gastric Cancer

Background: The 7th TNM staging is the first authoritative standard for evaluation of effectiveness oftreatment of gastric cancer worldwide. However, revision of pN classification within TNM needs to be discussed.In particular, the N3 sub-stage is becoming more conspicuous. Methods: Clinical data of 302 pN3M0 stagegastric cancer patients who received radical gastrectomy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute andHospital from January 2001 to May 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Location of tumor, depth ofinvasion, extranodal metastasis, gastric resection, combined organs resection, lymph node metastasis, rate oflymph node metastasis, negative lymph nodes count were important prognostic factors of pN3M0 stage gastriccancers. TNM stage was also associated with prognosis. Patients at T2N3M0 stage had a better prognosis thanother sub-classification. T3N3M0 and T4aN3aM0 patients had equal prognosis which followed the T2N3M0.T4aN3bM0 and T4bN3aM0 had lower survival rate than the formers. T4bN3bM0 had worst prognosis. Inmultivariate analysis, TNM stage group and rate of lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions: The sub-stage of N3 may be useful for more accurate prediction of prognosis; it should thereforebe applied in the TNM stage system.     

Prediction of survival time after curative surgery for advanced gastric cancer.

This study was carried out to define independent prognostic factors influencing survival time and to examine the survival time of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated by curative resection. Six hundred and forty-eight patients were identified of whom 275 patients died of tumor recurrence during follow-up. Univariate analysis using Mantel-Cox analysis, indicated that tumor size, tumor location, gross appearance, degree of gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and operative procedures were significant factors related to survival time (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for sex, age and other factors, suggested that tumor size (P less than 0.01, relative risk = 1.79), degree of gastric wall invasion (P less than 0.01, rr = 1.24) and lymph node metastasis (P less than 0.01, rr = 2.39) were the most independent prognostic factors statistically, although these three prognostic factors were inter-related. When the tumor is less than 5 cm and there is no serosal invasion or lymph node metastasis, then a longer survival time can be expected (88.7% at 5-years). If the tumor size exceeds 10 cm and there is invasion into neighboring structures and lymph node metastases, then survival time will be short (11.9% at 4-years).     

Borrmann Ⅳ型胃癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的探讨BorrmannⅣ型胃癌患者的临床病理特征和预后生存情况。方法采用队列性回顾性分析2386例行根治性手术治疗的胃癌患者,筛选出BorrmannⅣ型的患者,分析其临床特征及影响预后的因素。结果2386例胃癌患者中BorrmannⅣ型者363例(15.21%)。与非BorrmannⅣ型胃癌相比,BorrmannⅣ型患者的同时性肝转移率、异时性肝转移率、淋巴结转移率、脉管浸润发生率更高,同时发病年龄更趋于年轻化,病理类型更趋于低分化-未分化类型(均P<0.05)。全组患者5年总生存率为49.32%,5年无病生存率为44.61%,其中BorrmannⅣ型患者5年OS、DFS和非BorrmannⅣ型患者比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。亚组分析显示,同为pT2-pT4a或pN0~pN3a期时BorrmannⅣ型与非BorrmannⅣ型胃癌患者5年OS、DFS差异有统计学意义(均P<0.005)。多因素分析显示,肿瘤组织学类型为低分化-未分化类型、肿瘤浸润深度pT分期为T4a~pT4b期、存在淋巴结转移、肿瘤pTNM分期为ⅢA~ⅢC期、术后出现肝转移及术后发生腹膜转移(均P<0.05)是影响BorrmannⅣ型胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论BorrmannⅣ型胃癌具有易发生肝转移、淋巴结转移、腹膜转移且预后差的特点,其预后受多种独立危险因素影响。