516例非意愿妊娠者紧急避孕知识调查

分析非意愿妊娠人群紧急避孕知识态度及相关因素，对516例非意愿妊娠者进行问卷调查。结果，紧急避孕知识知晓率35.5％，知道在无避孕措施的性行为或避孕套破裂滑脱72h内可服用紧急避孕药来防止妊娠；63．2%的调查对象表示使用紧急避孕药。应加紧对紧急避孕知识的宣传，尤其是对紧急避孕法的安全性、有效性以及正确使用时间的宣传。     

非意愿妊娠妇女避孕与终止现况的调查与分析

目的了解因意外妊娠实施人工流产妇女所采用的避孕方法、紧急避孕知识的掌握和应用，以及人工流产的原因，为计划生育提供参考依据。方法随机选择在泰山医学院附属医院妇产科门诊做人工流产的妇女200例，进行问卷调查。结果有1次以上流产史的为46％；使用避孕措施的为96％；采用紧急避孕措施的为24％；其中6％的妇女认为如果再次妊娠会再次实施人工流产。结论调查人群中，意外妊娠率高并把人工流产作为控制生育的方法，紧急避孕知识的知晓率低。应加强计划生育教育及对避孕方法的咨询和指导，特别是未婚青年，从而降低意外妊娠率。     

品管圈活动提高非意愿妊娠女性避孕知识知晓的作用

<正>流产仅是计划生育的补充手段,重复人工流产严重危害女性健康[1]。重复人工流产不仅可能带来出血、感染、穿孔和慢性盆腔炎等并发症,还会大大增加女性将来发生不孕的概率[2-3]。因此,减少非意愿妊娠、降低人工流产率,尤其是重复人工流产率,对保障女性身心健康具有重要意义。健康教育是流产后关爱     

品管圈活动在提高非意愿妊娠女性避孕知识知晓率中的应用

目的 提高非意愿妊娠女性对避孕知识的知晓率。方法 组成品管圈,首先在传统健康教育后,对非意愿妊娠的女性对避孕知识的知晓率进行调查作为基础数据。然后通过要因分析,针对性制作了视频和文字资料,并结合使用集体宣教和一对一指导等进行改进。改进措施实施后,对非意愿妊娠女性对避孕知识的知晓率进行再评价。结果 通过品管圈活动,改进后的健康教育措施显著提高非意愿妊娠女性对避孕知识的知晓率。对反复非意愿妊娠危害的知晓率由66.2%提高到93.2%,短效口服避孕药的优点知晓率由40.9%提高到93.8%,安全期避孕的缺点知晓率由44.1%提高到99.0%,紧急避孕药缺点的知晓率由42.3%提高到93.8%,避孕套正确使用方法的知晓率由89.3%提高到97.6%（均P=0.000）。结论 品管圈活动显著改善健康教育效果,有效提高了非意愿妊娠女性对避孕知识的知晓率,可望降低重复流产率。     

非意愿妊娠妇女对紧急避孕知识接受程度的调查

目的了解非意愿妊娠妇女对紧急避孕知识接受的程度 ,以制定相应的咨询策略 ,预防意外妊娠 ,降低人工流产率。方法采用自行设计的问卷 ,随机对 2 2 0名非意愿妊娠妇女进行了调查。结果 6 4 .5 5 %的妇女完全不了解紧急避孕方法 ,在对紧急避孕知识的了解程度、使用情况上 ,病人的婚育状况不同 ,差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )而文化程度不同 ,差异有显著性或极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 ) ,在表示了解的病人中 ,仅 38.4 6 %的病人所叙述的方法是完全正确的 ,曾经使用过紧急避孕方法的病人为 1 9.5 5 % ,经过指导 ,79.5 5 %的病人今后愿意选择紧急避孕。结论迫切需要加强紧急避孕知识的宣传教育工作 ,以降低非意愿妊娠的发生     

北京市妊娠少女避孕知识态度和行为调查分析

目的了解北京市妊娠少女避孕知识、态度和行为现状。方法采用自行设计的避孕知识、态度、行为问卷对2007年4-6月在北京市城区4所妇幼保健院因非意愿妊娠而要求终止妊娠的53名16～19岁少女进行避孕知识、态度和行为调查。结果调查对象对避孕知识掌握在较差水平占70%;避孕态度上,89%的少女认为自己有必要了解避孕知识,但在选择避孕方法的优先性上,考虑应用方便的占67%,不妨碍对方感觉的占13%,认为应确保避孕效果的仅占13%;避孕行为方面,调查对象首次性经历使用避孕措施的占53%,近12个月内坚持每次使用避孕措施的仅占30%,采取的避孕措施多为避孕套。本次妊娠的原因47%由于没有采用避孕措施,47%的少女由于避孕套、体外排精等常规避孕方法失败后未采取补救措施而怀孕,还有6%的少女因为常规避孕失败后服用紧急避孕药失败而受孕。结论仅对少女开展避孕知识教育尚不能改变其行为,需要改善避孕态度,提高对意外妊娠风险和人工流产并发症的认识,促进避孕措施的使用,降低少女妊娠率。     

米非司酮用于紧急避孕的观察及护理

紧急避孕是指在无防护措施性交后的一定时间内，采取服药或放置IUD等措施，以避免非意愿妊娠的一类事后避孕措施，我站对80例患者采用口服米非司酮用于紧急避孕，取得了满意的临床效果。     

250例非意愿妊娠妇女紧急避孕知识调查

目的 :了解非意愿妊娠妇女对紧急避孕知识的认知程度 ,以降低人工流产率。方法 :随机对 2 5 0例非意愿妊娠妇女进行问卷调查。结果 :5 9 2 %的妇女有一定的紧急避孕知识 ,但只有 35 6 %的妇女曾经使用过紧急避孕方法 ,且失败率高达 31 5 %。在对紧急避孕知识的了解及使用情况上 ,婚姻状况不同 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而孕次及文化程度不同 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :应加强紧急避孕知识的宣传教育 ,尤其对文化程度低者。     

紧急避孕的临床研究与进展

紧急避孕（emergency contraception，EC）是预防因无防护性生活导致意外妊娠的避孕方法，是一种简便、安全、而且有效的避孕失败后的补救措施。据推测全世界每天有90万人受孕，其中1／2是非计划的，约1／4是完全非意愿的，所以每天有15万名妇女需接受人工流产。因此，避免意外妊娠、降低人工流产率及保护妇女身心健康已是一个世界性问题。紧急避孕的临床研究已有30多年的历史，但我们对这种避孕方法的使用和安全性仍在探索中，寻找更有效、副反应更小的紧急避孕药物和方法，已成为当今计划生育和生殖领域的研究热点。     

行人工流产的未婚女青年避孕行为、知识及需求现状调查

人工流产是世界范围内的一个公共卫生问题和社会问题。全球每年有4 600万例人工流产发生,其中有近50%的人工流产是计划外的[1]。在我国,随着改革开放,未婚女青年的婚前性     

Assessment of knowledge,attitude and practice regarding oxygen therapy at emergency departments in Riyadh in 2017: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Administering oxygen therapy (OT) has an essential role in preventing/managing hypoxemia in both acute and chronic conditions. It should be adjusted to achieve the normal oxygen saturation of 94%-98% in most cases. This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses, paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) physicians working at emergency departments (ED) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess KAP related to OT of nurses, paramedics, EMTs and EMS physicians currently working at an ED of a tertiary care hospital. Knowledge and attitude were assessed using a Likert scale from 1-5, whereas practice was assessed as a yes/no categorical variable. RESULTS: A total of 444 emergency health-care workers (EHCWs) participated, of which 225 (50.7%) were male, with the majority (77%) in the age group of 20-35 years. Over half of the sample were nurses (266; 59.9%). The mean score for knowledge about OT was 5.51±1.45, attitude was 26.31±3.17 and for practices 4.55±1.76. The main factors which were associated with poor KAP were workload and lack of local guidelines. The distribution of overall practice score was significantly better among paramedics - nurses group and EMT - nurses group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that there is a gap in EHCWs’ KAP, particularly regarding when to provide OT to a patient. This gap can affect patients’ safety. Extensive educational and training programs about OT are needed to raise awareness among health-care providers.     

性传播疾病就诊患者艾滋病相关知识行为态度调查

目的调查和分析性传播疾病（STD）门诊患者艾滋病（AIDS）相关知识、行为和态度,为介入STD人群开展AIDS相关的防治干预提供依据。方法采用自制STD就诊患者情况调查表对280例STD就诊患者进行人口学特征、AIDS相关知识、行为和态度等的问卷调查,用SPSS13．0进行统计描述分析。结果STD就诊患者对AIDS相关知识认识不足;STD就诊患者存在感染人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的高危行为。结论STD患者是HIV感染的高危人群,做好STD患者的健康教育和行为干预对预防STD／AIDS具有特殊重要的意义。     

An investigation of knowledge,attitude and practice towards simulation among clinical nursing teachers in China: A cross-sectional study

AimThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice towards simulation among CNTs in China and analyze the influencing factors.BackgroundIn China, simulation is now increasingly used by Clinical Nursing Teachers (CNTs) who are mainly responsible for nurses’ continuing education, novice nurses training and nursing students practice in clinical settings. Over the past 20 years, enrolment scale of nursing education was expanded greatly, and the number of registered nurses increased from 1.22 to 4.10 million in China. To contribute to nurses’ or nursing students’ professional development and successful transition to competent practitioners, CNTs are now being challenged to use simulation to develop more learner-centered educational programs, which could better facilitate learner engagement. As faculty preparation is a prerequisite for conducting quality simulation, it is critical that CNTs have the requisite knowledge and skills to use simulation to its full potential. However, data on CNTs’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards simulation is limited.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsA total of 342 CNTs from six tertiary affiliated teaching hospitals of a medical university in Beijing, China, participated in the study. Electronic questionnaire of Nurse Educators’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Simulation (NEKAPS) was delivered to CNTs. Analysis of variance, t-test were used to analyze data.ResultsThe mean score of knowledge and attitude for all participants was 60.01 ± 13.42 and 81.40 ± 19.99, respectively. The mean practice score was 70.65 ± 22.05 for 162 participants (47.4 %) who had conducted simulation in their hospitals. Participants with higher educational level (F=3.476, p = 0.032) and nursing career length≤ 15 years (t = 2.676, p = 0.008) had higher knowledge scores. However, there were no significant differences among different groups for attitudes. Participants with age ≤ 35 years old (t = 3.355, p = 0.001), nursing teaching length ≤ 10 years (t = 2.073, p = 0.041) and advanced beginner nurses (t = 3.212, p = 0.002) presented higher practice scores.ConclusionsCNTs had a low level of knowledge on simulation. Their attitudes towards simulation were positive, whereas their practices were still lacking. It is highlighted an urgent need for standardized training of CNTs to improve their knowledge and practice towards simulation, so that they can optimize the simulation programs they provide for nurses or nursing students.     

西安市青少年毒品相关知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的 了解西安市青少年毒品相关知识、态度及行为,为制订干预措施提供依据.方法 采用方便抽样的方法抽取西安市4所中学初一至高三的学生共1224人作为研究对象.应用毒品知识、态度和行为调查问卷对研究对象进行调查.所有数据用SPSS 11.5软件包进行统计分析. 结果 本组青少年毒品相关知识得分均数为(22.45±2.77)分,对毒品的态度得分均数为(58.82±6.85)分.调查对象中有16人占1.4%,承认使用过易成瘾药物. 结论 青少年对因吸毒而感染传染病的知识及对戒毒的艰难性认识不足;对毒品的态度为正向;在青少年中易成瘾药物的使用应该引起学校和家长的重视.     

A mixed method study to determine the attitude of Australian emergency health professionals towards patients who present with deliberate self-poisoning

IntroductionDeliberate self-poisoning is one of the frequent presentation types to emergency departments. It has been reported that attitudes of emergency staff may have negative consequences for the wellbeing of the self-poisoning patient.AimDetermine the attitude of nursing and medical staff towards patients who present with deliberate self-poisoning and to identify if differences exist between the two groups.DesignMixed-method.MethodologyThe “Attitudes towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire” was distributed to all nursing and medical staff who had direct patient contact at three emergency departments (N = 410). Total and factor scores were generated and analysed against variables age, gender, length of experience working in the emergency department, level of education and by profession. Two open ended questions asked staff to write their perceptions and stories about patients who deliberate self-poison and were analysed using qualitative data analysis.ResultsForty-five percent of staff returned the questionnaire. The attitude of emergency nurses and doctors was positive towards patients who deliberately self-poison. Doctors had significantly higher total and Factor 2 ‘dealing effectively with the deliberate self-poisoning patient’ scores than nurses. After adjusting for length of time working in the emergency department only Factor 2 ‘dealing effectively with the deliberate self-poisoning patient’ remained statistically significant. Staff reported high levels of frustration, in particular to patients who represent.Conclusion/relevance to practiceThis information may be used to develop and implement educational strategies for staff to improve the experiences of and better support patients presenting to the emergency department who deliberately self-poison.     

脑卒中高危人群卒中防护相关知识、态度及行为调查

目的了解脑卒中高危人群对脑卒中的防护知识、态度和行为的现状,探索需要干预的人群特点,为开展脑卒中健康教育提供科学依据。方法2011年11月1～20日,在医院门诊和社区选择符合入选标准的患者和居民106人进行调查。调查采用自设问卷,内容包括一般资料、脑卒中患病危险评价及脑卒中预防相关知识、态度与行为状况评分。结果106例脑卒中高危人群卒中预防相关知识的平均得分为（46．96-10．07）分,态度的平均得分为（70．71＋12．37）分,行为平均得分为（64．29-16．23）分。分析结果显示,脑卒中预防的知识、态度、行为与年龄、文化程度、居住地有显著关联,与性别、脑卒中患病危险评价得分无显著关联。结论文化程度低、年龄60岁以下、郊区以及缺乏脑卒中防护知识的人群是脑卒中一级预防需要重点干预的对象,有针对性地开展脑卒中预防教育十分必要。     

西安市青少年毒品相关知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的了解西安市青少年毒品相关知识、态度及行为，为制订干预措施提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法抽取西安市4所中学初一至高三的学生共1224人作为研究对象。应用毒品知识、态度和行为调查问卷对研究对象进行调查。所有数据用SPSS11．5软件包进行统计分析。结果本组青少年毒品相关知识得分均数为（22．45±2．77）分，对毒品的态度得分均数为（58．82±6．85）分。调查对象中有16人占1．4％，承认使用过易成瘾药物。结论青少年对因吸毒而感染传染病的知识及对戒毒的艰难性认识不足；对毒品的态度为正向；在青少年中易成瘾药物的使用应该引起学校和家长的重视。     

某三级甲等医院护士肺结核相关知识及态度的调查

目的了解临床护士肺结核相关知识及态度状况,为开展有针对性的肺结核专题培训提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样方法选取长沙市某三级甲等综合医院400名临床护士进行肺结核问卷调查。数据采用SPSS13．0软件进行处理。结果375名护士肺结核相关知识总平均分为（18．71±3．45）分,为中等水平,其中防护措施及药物控制方面得分较低,分别为（3．88±1．25）分、（4．15±1．11）分;态度总平均分为（40．08±6．01）分,对护理肺结核患者的态度呈中等水平。肺结核知识得分的主要影响因素依次为肺结核护理经验、职称及态度（P〈0．05）;肺结核态度与知识、培训情况呈正相关（r分别为0．187,0．122;P〈0．05）。结论临床护士肺结核相关知识掌握不够全面,应加强肺结核知识的培训,改善护理肺结核患者的态度,充分发挥护士在肺结核病防治工作中的作用。     

产后妇女紧急避孕知识和可接受性调查

目的研究产后妇女紧急避孕知识、可接受性及使用状况。方法以美国Kai-ser Family Foundation紧急避孕调查表为基础设计问卷,对368例分娩妇女进行横断面调查。结果91.60%的研究对象听说过紧急避孕,38.10%知道紧急避孕药物使用正确时间期限,35.70%表示愿意用紧急避孕药,59.4%的人表示愿意放置宫内节育器来作为紧急避孕方法。研究对象紧急避孕知识与紧急避孕态度之间的相关系数是0.365。结论紧急避孕知识与可接受性密切相关。为了提高产后妇女紧急避孕方法的知识和可接受性,必须加强紧急避孕法的安全性、有效性以及正确使用时间的宣传。