瞬时受体电位家族香草醛1型受体转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的 建立瞬时受体电位家族香草醛1型受体(Trpvl)转基因小鼠模型.方法 通过显微注射法把pcDNA3.1-rTrpv1导入C57BL/6J×CBA F1小鼠的受精卵雄原核中并移植到假孕母鼠输卵管内,用PCR方法鉴定子代基因型,用蛋白免疫印迹法检测TRPV1在组织中的表达水平.结果 将400枚注射卵移植到16只假孕母鼠的输卵管中,共出生小鼠120只,获得5只转基因阳性小鼠.其中2只阳性小鼠可稳定传代,经过与C57小鼠回交数次后各自建系.经蛋白免疫印迹法证实,与同窝野生型小鼠相比,转基因小鼠的脑组织和肌肉组织中TRPV1蛋白的表达显著升高.结论 成功建立了Trpv1转基因小鼠模型,为深入研究TRPV1通道的功能提供了更好的条件.     

钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白转基因小鼠的构建和鉴定

目的 将人的钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白（calpastatin,CAST）外源基因整合到C57BL/6J小鼠中,构建高表达CAST的转基因小鼠模型。方法 利用Gateway技术构建pRP.EX3d-EF1A-CAST-IRES-eGFP载体,回收片段后通过显微注射法将目的基因片段注入到C57BL/6J小鼠受精卵中,将其胚胎移植至同期发情的假孕受体母鼠输卵管内获得子代小鼠。采用PCR方法鉴定出阳性的转基因小鼠,确定首建鼠,通过与C57BL/6J小鼠回交后互交数代建系。利用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测CAST基因和蛋白在各组织中的表达情况。结果 将90枚注射受精卵移植到3只假孕鼠中,3只均怀孕,移植成功率100%,产下23只子鼠,经PCR鉴定得到2只转基因阳性首建鼠,阳性率为9%。子代小鼠进行RT-PCR检查显示,CAST基因在转基因小鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑和骨骼肌中均有表达;Western blotting检查显示,CAST蛋白表达在转基因小鼠中显著高于同窝阴性小鼠。结论 通过显微注射法成功构建CAST高表达的转基因小鼠,为进一步研究CAST奠定了良好的模型基础。     

TNNI2突变转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的建立TNNI2突变转基因小鼠模型。方法构建pEGFP-tnni2转基因构件,TNNI2基因的第175个氨基酸缺失,通过原核显微注射法。把线性化、纯化后的外源基因pEGFP-tnni2注射入BDF1小鼠受精卵中。胚胎移植给同期发情的假孕受体母鼠,获得子代小鼠。用PCR和Southern方法检测子代鼠尾DNA鉴定基因型。通过RT-PCR方法检测tnni2基因表达。结果移植注射胚胎115枚给4只假孕小鼠共出生了23只后代鼠。经PCR和Southern方法检测得到4只阳性小鼠。对其子代进行RT-PCR检测,tnni2基因在肌肉、心脏内表达。结论通过显微注射法使外源基因pEGFP-tnni2（TNNI2基因的第175个氨基酸缺失）在小鼠基因组中得到整合,建立了转pEGFP-tnni2的转基因小鼠模型。     

绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠模型的建立及胚胎冷冻保种

目的建立绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠模型，并采取胚胎冷冻的方法进行保种。方法通过原核显微注射法，把线性化、纯化后的外源基因pEGFP注射入BDF1小鼠受精卵中，胚胎移植给同期发情的假孕受体母鼠，获得子代小鼠。经鉴定对有表达的转基因鼠进行胚胎冷冻保种。结果移植注射胚胎385枚给30只假孕小鼠共出生了306只后代鼠，经PCR和southern blot检测得到5只阳性小鼠。F2代转基因鼠胚胎冷冻240枚胚胎。结论通过显微注射法使外源基因pEGFP在小鼠基因组中得到整合，建立了转pEGFP的转基因小鼠模型。     

人胰岛素转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的:建立人胰岛素的转基因小鼠模型.方法:通过原核显微注射法,把外源基因pEF1α-mINS注射入FVB种小鼠受精卵,胚胎移植给同期发情的假孕受体母鼠获得子代小鼠.结果:移植注射胚胎204枚给38只假孕小鼠共出生108只后代鼠,经PCR和Southern blot检测到5只阳性小鼠.结论:通过显微注射法使外源基因pEF1α-mINS在小鼠基因组中得到整合,建立了人胰岛素的转基因小鼠模型.     

TNNT3(R69H)突变转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的 建立TNNT3(R69H)突变转基因小鼠模型.方法 构建pEGFP-TNNT3(R69H)转基因构件,通过原核显微注射方法将线性化、纯化后的外源质粒pEGFP-TNNT3(R69H)注射入BDF1小鼠受精卵中,胚胎移植至同期发情的假孕受体母鼠输卵管内,获得子代小鼠.用PCR和Southern blot方法检测子代鼠尾基因组DNA,通过RT-PCR及Western blot的方法检测TNNT3基因表达.结果 8只假孕小鼠共移植注射后的胚胎82枚,出生40只子代鼠,经PCR和Southern方法检测得到5只转基因阳性小鼠.对其子代小鼠进行RT-PCR、Western blot检测结果显示,TNNT3在转基因小鼠心脏和骨骼肌中表达量明显增多.结论 通过显微注射法使外源基因pEGFP-TNNT3(R69H)在小鼠基因组中整合,成功建立了TNNT3(R69H)突变转基因小鼠模型.     

BIGH3R555w突变转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的建立BIGH3R555w突变转基因角膜营养不良小鼠模型。方法构建以磷酸甘油酸激酶（phosphoglyceratekinase,PGK）为启动子的BIGH3（M）-IRES-EGFP重组质粒载体,通过原核显微注射方法将线性化、纯化后的外源质粒注射入C57小鼠受精卵中,胚胎移植入假孕受体母鼠输卵管内,获得子代小鼠。用PCR方法检测子代鼠尾基因组DNA,通过RT—PCR及Western印迹法检测BIGH3基因表达。结果8只假孕小鼠共移植注射后的胚胎84枚,出生35只子代鼠,经PCR检测得到4只转基因阳性小鼠。RT—PCR和Westem印迹法检测结果显示,BIGH3R555w在转基因小鼠角膜表达量明显增多。结论通过显微注射法使外源基因B1GH3555w突变体在小鼠基因组中整合,成功建立了BIGH3突变转基因小鼠模型,该模型可为今后进一步研究角膜营养不良疾病的发病机制提供依据。     

甘丙肽过表达转基因小鼠的制作和鉴定

目的 建立甘丙肽（galanin,GAL）过表达转基因小鼠,为后续研究甘丙肽基因功能提供动物模型. 方法 重组质粒PDGFβ-GAL经XbaⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切后,将连接有启动子的甘丙肽基因片段回收纯化,用显微注射法将甘丙肽基因注入400枚受精卵的雄原核中,选取发育正常的受精卵移植到假孕母鼠的输卵管壶腹部,待其产仔.用PCR方法鉴定子代小鼠基因型,蛋白印迹分析（Western blot）鉴定子代小鼠体内GAL蛋白表达情况. 结果 获得子代小鼠50只,有8只小鼠在基因组上整合有GAL基因,整合率为16％：Western blot显示转入的基因片段PDGF β-GAL在脑组织中的表达水平比肝组织高.结论 通过显微注射法成功建立了GAL过表达转基因小鼠模型.     

MTA1转基因小鼠的构建及鉴定

目的将人的MTA1外源基因整合到C57BL/6J小鼠中,构建稳定高表达MTA1的小鼠模型。方法通过RT-PCR方法克隆人的MTA1编码序列,将MTA1插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1构建pcDNA3.1-MTA1载体,回收片段后利用显微注射技术将目的基因片段注入到受精卵的雄原核中,使用MTA1特异性的引物经PCR鉴定出基因型阳性的转基因小鼠,再利用Western-blot及免疫组化方法检测MTA1在转基因小鼠全身级织表达情况。结果成功构建了MTA1转基因注射片段。在320枚显微注射受精卵中挑选出300枚存活卵移植到10只ICR小鼠假孕受体的输卵管中,10只ICR小鼠均怀孕,移植成功率为100%,共生出子代鼠80只,经PCR检测其中共有9只整合了MTA1基因,整合率为11.25%。经PCR鉴定MTA1整合阳性的F1代小鼠,再经Western-blot和免疫组化分析检测MTA1表达水平在脑、肺、肝、肠等组织中表达明显增高,肾、骨骼肌表达无差异。结论成功构建了脑、肝、肺、结肠高表达MTA1的转基因小鼠,为进一步MTA1研究奠定了良好的研究模型。     

WNK4转基因小鼠的建立

目的制备WNK4转基因小鼠模型。方法通过显微注射法把线状WNK4基因注射入FVB小鼠受精卵雄原核中，然后将受精卵细胞移植于受体假孕母鼠输卵管内，发育产生子代小鼠。结果产生出112只F0代小鼠。鼠尾基因组DNA经PCR法检测1只阳性，并进行测序。结论通过显微注射法，外源基因WNK4在FVB小鼠基因组中得到整合，将对研究WNK4基因功能和与高血压疾病发病机制的作用和关系提供了有效的动物模型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.