Women's Health Medicine 3:4 (July-August 2006) Self-appraisal Women and bone

Women and bone: self-appraisal     

Women's Health Medicine 3:2 (March-April 2006) Self-appraisal Women’s mental health

Women’s mental health: self-appraisal     

Online resources for women and the ovary

Online resources for women and the ovary     

Three Year Health Outcomes Among Older Women at Risk of Elder Abuse: Women's Health Australia

BACKGROUND: Older women are at increasing risk of various forms of familial violence, yet detection is poor and very little is known of the long-term health effects of this psychosocial problem. The effectiveness of the 'Vulnerability to Abuse' Screening Scale (VASS) in predicting three year health outcomes was investigated among women enrolled in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, now known as Women's Health Australia. METHODS: The sample comprised a cohort of 10,421 women aged 73-78 who completed the 1996 and 1999 postal surveys (attrition rate 19.5%). The Time 2 sample had a small bias towards lower risk for elder abuse at Time 1 and better health on SF-36 and self-rated health. The VASS is a 12-item self-report measure with 4 factors: vulnerability, coercion, dependence and dejection. RESULTS: Overall, physical health (PCS) declined while mental health (MCS) increased over the three year period. Decline in physical health was predicted by only the dejection factor, but not by factors which seem to more directly measure abuse. The predictive validity of the VASS for three year mental health outcomes was given partial support. Three of the four VASS factors (dejection, vulnerability, and coercion) predicted decline in mental health at the univariate level, however, after adjusting for confounders, only one VASS factor (dejection) independently predicted decline in mental health. CONCLUSIONS: While the VASS shows some promise as a marker of health risk in older women, only the dejection factor proved consistently predictive of declining health status. Further research is needed to determine longer term predictive validity of the scale and to gain a clearer picture of how abusive experiences impact on older women's health.     

Genotoxic effects of gossypol acetate on the ovary of Rhinopoma kinneari wroughton (Microchiroptera: Mammalia)

Female Rhinopoma kinneari, a microchiropteran bat (body weight Ca 15.0 gm to 20.0 gm), was used as a model to evaluate the effect of a single oral dose of 10 mg of gossypol acetate on the ovarian histology at day 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively.

Maximal damage to these organs was seen on day 2. The test drug induced widespread disturbance in the ovarian histoarchitecture as evidenced by an extensive degeneration of follicle types. Degenerative changes were marked by pycnosis, chromatolysis of nuclei, desquamation of granulosa cells and their subsequent dissolution. Intensity of protein staining was increased with time, indicating marked damage to ovarian constituents. It is suggested that gossypol may cause antifolliculogenic activity.     

多囊卵巢综合征对体外受精胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者进行体外受精．胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程的特点及影响其妊娠结局的因素。方法回顾性分析2002年3月至2004年12月单纯PCOS因素患者共78例(78个新鲜周期)及单纯输卵管因素210例(210个新鲜周期)在我院生殖医学中心进行VF-ET的临床资料。结果PCOS患者应用促性腺激素(Gn)促排卵治疗时间较长,卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率及未移植率较输卵管患者高,但Gn用量、取卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率均与输卵管患者相似;而受精率是影响PCOS患者妊娠率的主要因素。结论PCOS患者在IVF-ET治疗时应用必要的辅助治疗方法,可改善PCOS患者的IVF-ET结局。     

HIV Discrimination and the Health of Women Living with HIV

ABSTRACT

Women living with HIV are especially vulnerable to discrimination because of the stigma associated with the disease, as well as their race, gender and class status. To investigate the association between self-reported HIV discrimination and health outcomes among African-American and white women living with HIV, 366 women living with HIV were recruited from HIV/AIDS clinics in Georgia and Alabama. In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an interview that assessed self-reported HIV discrimination and depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation, self-esteem, stress, quality of life, sexual health and HIV/AIDS related health care seeking. Nearly a sixth of the sample reported experiencing HIV discrimination. Women reporting HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely to have not sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. In race-specific analyses, none of the relationships between HIV discrimination and health outcomes were significant for white women. African-American women who reported HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely not to have sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. The findings indicated that HIV discrimination adversely affects women's mental, sexual and physical health. However, separate race-specific analyses indicated that compared to white women, African-American women were markedly more likely to experience the adverse affects of HIV discrimination. Eradication of HIV discrimination remains an important public health priority.     

高级糖基化终产物及其受体与女性生殖健康

葡萄糖及其他还原糖的醛基、酮基与蛋白质、脂肪、核酸的氨基部分在无酶条件下反应形成高级糖基化终产物（AGEs）,随着机体衰老或伴有高血糖、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、炎症反应等病理状态时,体内AGEs加速形成并蓄积,通过结合其受体（RAGE）造成组织细胞损害。RAGE的可溶形式（sRAGE）作为“诱饵受体”对机体产生保护作用。近年来,关于AGEs及其受体在女性生殖健康领域内的相关研究备受瞩目。临床及基础研究表明,高水平AGEs与多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症及辅助生殖技术中不良结局密切相关,并导致子痫前期、早产、妊娠期糖尿病的发生率显著升高。通过调整饮食结构、生活方式及靶向药物治疗降低AGEs水平并削弱其作用,有望成为保护女性生殖功能,改善不孕人群助孕结局的新途径。     

老年妇女PTH分泌异常及1，25（OH）2D3的疗效观察

目的 研究老年妇女甲状旁腺激素的分泌变化以及维生素1，25(OH)2D3的疗效。方法测定20例年轻妇女(25～35岁)和20例老年妇女(70～78岁)血清PTH浓度，用RIA方法测定使用1，25(OH)2D3前后VFH的变化。使用RIA方法测定血清1，25(OH)2D和25(OH)D的血清浓度。结果 血清PTH浓度随增龄而升高，使用1，25(OH)2D3后，两组的PTH水平均下降。结论 1，25(OH)2D3能减少老年妇女PTH分泌的异常增加。     

广州市职业妇女生殖健康知识认知及保健服务需求调查

目的了解职业妇女对国家有关女职工劳动保护政策的知晓程度、生殖健康知识的认知程度及对开展劳动保护健康教育的需求情况等。方法采用整群抽样方法,对585名在岗女职工进行调查。结果95.6%调查对象知道国家有关女职工劳动保护的一些政策条例,35.9%的被调查妇女能定期到医院检查,54.5%妇女有病及时就诊,86.5%妇女定期参加单位妇女病普查,但仅有20.0%妇女能自觉做到包括定期妇女病普查、定期到医院检查、有病及时就诊等自我保健行为。结论绝大多数女职工对国家有关女职工劳动保护政策有所了解,但对已婚待孕女职工禁忌从事铅、汞、苯、铬作业等保护措施的知晓率不足,生殖保健服务利用率较低。因此,提高女职工自我保健意识是非常必要的。     

Environmental,Policy, and Cultural Factors Related to Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Women: The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project-Summary and Discussion

Females live almost eight years longer than males, a difference which has increased during the 20th Century. Whether considered by age group or disease category, the mortality of males exceeds that of females. Environmental and behavioral factors, all potentially correctable, explain this differential more satisfactorily than genetic factors. It is nurture more than nature which must be understood if the sex mortality differential is to be decreased.     

开展外来婚嫂生殖健康教育和保健服务的效果评价

目的加速提高外来婚嫂生殖健康教育和保健服务的水平,使她们与本市妇女一样共同享有市委市政府要求的:“2010年人人享有优质的生殖服务”,探索到一条对外嫂生殖健康教育保健服务可持续发展的道路。方法在本街道23个居委会中,对5个居委会整群抽样调查《外来婚嫂生殖健康服务的现状、需求》,研究对象分为管理组和对照组进行研究,然后将研究结果在对照组中重复验证,进行双向比较。结果外嫂生殖健康教育及保健服务的重要指标分别得到明显提升,大部分达到上海市计生办和有关行政管理部门提出的主要指标。讨论大部分外嫂对生殖健康保健服务是渴望的。只要政府重视、社会关爱、她们有很强的依从性,采取健康教育为主,互帮互助的人性化教育,可以提高她们在生殖健康教育保健服务方面的应知应会。妇女的两年一次生殖健康普查,采用政府贴一点、医院让一点、白己出一点的方法是完全可以做到的。     

旅顺口区基层妇幼保健工作的现状与对策

结合旅顺口区农村妇幼保健工作面临的问题,阐述农村基层妇幼保健工作在市场竞争日益激烈,财政补偿不足、农民经济文化落后、妇幼保健人员素质差等制约妇幼保健工作发展的一系列问题,分析原因,提出相应整改措施,寻求进一步发展的有效途径。     

Health Concerns of Women and Infants in Times of Natural Disasters: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina

Pregnant women and infants have unique health concerns in the aftermath of a natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina. Although exact numbers are lacking, we estimate that approximately 56,000 pregnant women and 75,000 infants were directly affected by the hurricane. Disruptions in the supply of clean water for drinking and bathing, inadequate access to safe food, exposure to environmental toxins, interruption of health care, crowded conditions in shelters, and disruption of public health and clinical care infrastructure posed threats to these vulnerable populations. This report cites the example of Hurricane Katrina to focus on the needs of pregnant women and infants during times of natural disasters and provides considerations for those who plan for the response to these events.     

Platelet count and total and cause-specific mortality in the Women's Health Initiative

PurposeWe used data from the Women's Health Initiative to examine the association of platelet count with total mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, cancer mortality, and non-CHD/noncancer mortality.MethodsPlatelet count was measured at baseline in 159,746 postmenopausal women and again in year 3 in 75,339 participants. Participants were followed for a median of 15.9 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative mortality hazards associated with deciles of baseline platelet count and of the mean of baseline + year 3 platelet count.ResultsLow and high deciles of both baseline and mean platelet count were positively associated with total mortality, CHD mortality, cancer mortality, and non-CHD/noncancer mortality. The association was robust and was not affected by adjustment for a number of potential confounding factors, exclusion of women with comorbidity, or allowance for reverse causality. Low- and high-platelet counts were associated with all four outcomes in never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers.ConclusionsIn this large study of postmenopausal women, both low- and high-platelet counts were associated with total and cause-specific mortality.     

Health Care for Women with Physical Disabilities: Literature Review and Theory

This paper identifies, describes and analyzes the significance of the literature as it impacts on health care for women with physical disabilities. It considers both scholarly reviews of the literature as well as the literature written by women with physical disabilities themselves. It covers the topics of the disability field itself, the mainstream feminist movement, experimental disability writings, characteristics of the literature, health issues, reproductive health services, sexuality and sexual abuse and the future challenge.     

美国FDA设备和辐射卫生中心2006财政年度报告(三)

2005年10.1-2006年9.30 3FDA目标3——通过更好的制造和产品监督来提高产品的质量、安全和可获取性为了确保医疗器械和辐射性器械的安全和有效,CDRH制定和颁布了良好制造规范要求;对上市产品监控其顺应性和监督项目;对产品的不良效果报告     

国际孕产妇系统保健管理的经验与启示

“母亲安全、儿童优先“以及维护妇女儿童应有的合法权益,已经成为国际社会不断关注的重要议题,并已形成全球发展趋势。本文描述了国际孕产妇系统保健管理的发展趋势,总结了国际社会孕产妇系统保健管理的经验与教训,同时结合湖南省孕产妇系统保健管理的实际情况,就提高与改善湖南孕产妇系统保健管理的质量提出了相关的具体措施。