网络化认知训练在改善老年人功能训练中应用的研究进展

综述不同网络化认知训练的定义、特点和设计的理论基础及在老年人认知功能方面作用的原理,总结不同网络化的认知训练在老年人群体中的应用方式、干预效果,提出对网络化认知训练应用研究的展望。     

运动表象训练改善老年人执行功能和运动功能的系统综述

目的 分析运动表象训练对老年人运动功能和执行功能的改善效果.方法 检索Web of Sciences、PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中正式发表的关于运动表象训练影响老年人运动和执行功能的相关文献,检索时间为1980至2020年.对运动表象训练的实施方案、运用于老年人的康复效果及其影响因素等问题进行综述.结果...     

舞蹈改善轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能和平衡能力的系统综述

目的 系统综述舞蹈对轻度认知障碍(MCI)老年人认知功能和平衡能力的干预效果。方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、CBM、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库,收集建库至2021年6月7日公开发表的关于舞蹈干预对轻度认知障碍老年人认知功能和平衡能力影响的随机对照试验研究,通过Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对文献质量进行评价。结果 最终纳入英文文献6篇,中文文献2篇,均为随机对照试验,整体研究质量较高。舞蹈干预组的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分显著高于对照组,在韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、连线测试(TMT)-B和言语流畅性任务中成绩优于对照组,但是对执行功能TMT-A反应时的改善效果不明显。舞蹈干预有助于提高MCI老年人的Berg平衡量表评分。结论 舞蹈干预显著改善轻度认知障碍老年人的整体认知功能、记忆功能、执行功能和平衡能力。     

身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述

目的 探讨身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的影响。方法 采用主题词检索的方式,在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO等数据库检索身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的相关文献,检索时间为2000年1月至2022年1月。筛选后提取作者、国家、文章发表时间、研究对象年龄、研究方法、干预时间、测量工具以及研究结果等信息,同时采用PEDro量表对文章进行方法学质量评估。结果 筛选后纳入12篇文献,来自美国、意大利、比利时和中国4个国家,主要发表在心理、临床医学、神经科学、体育教育等期刊,PEDro量表平均得分为6.67分。研究设计包括随机对照试验和前后测设计两种。研究对象的年龄7～12岁,共909例被试。涉及的身体活动类型包括体能类、技能类和运动项目类。超重儿童参与身体活动的康复效果主要体现在提高认知和脑可塑性两个方面。在认知方面,参与身体活动可以提高超重儿童的注意、记忆、抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。在脑可塑性方面,可以提高大脑白质完整性,增大海马体积,增强大脑激活和大脑网络连接性。结论 身体活动是一项简单而又有效的锻炼方式,不仅可以提高超重儿童的注意...     

多模式运动训练对改善轻度认知功能障碍老年人躯体、认知功能的效果

目的探讨多模式运动训练对轻度认知功能障碍老年人躯体、认知功能的影响。方法 2013年3-11月,便利抽样选取长沙市某社区轻度认知功能障碍的老年人90例,随机分为干预组和对照组,每组45例,对照组给予常规社区服务,干预组在此基础上接受多模式运动训练。分别于干预前、干预3个月末对两组受试者用中文版简易躯体功能量表(the Chinese version mini-physical performance test,CM-PTT)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)进行评估。结果患者CM-PPT得分在干预主效应及交互作用上有统计学意义(均P0.05);MoCA得分在干预主效应、时间主效应和交互作用上均存在统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论多模式运动训练能改善轻度认知功能障碍老年人躯体功能和认知功能。     

外籍双语失语症患者的认知语言康复

双语失语是指掌握双语的人由于大脑功能受损引起语言能力障碍或丧失。针对本国籍的双语失语症患者采用单纯的语言治疗国内已有报道[1 ] ,但对外籍双语失语症患者采用认知、语言结合治疗国内尚未见报道。本文采用认知训练与语言治疗相结合 ,对 1名马来西亚籍双语混合性失语症患者进行治疗 ,取得较好的效果。现报道如下。资料与方法一、临床资料患者男 ,50岁 ,马来西亚人 ,右利手 ,大学毕业 ,官员。因脑出血于 2 0 0 2年 3月入院。CT显示 :左基底节区广泛性脑出血。诊断为脑出血后遗症期。右侧肢体活动障碍 ,基底节性失语 ,理解、表达均有障…     

非认知症老年人群体中开展团体认知功能训练的研究进展

随着经济的发展和医疗技术的进步,老年人口的数量逐年上升[1].在年龄增长的阶段中,老年人首先会经历主观记忆减退;然后过渡到轻度认知障碍,出现记忆力[2]、语言、视觉空间和执行功能等[3]的衰退;最严重便会发展为认知症[4].患有认知症的老年人,日常活动能力和生活质量会下降,为家庭、社会以及医疗卫生机构带来沉重的经济负担...     

脑外伤患者的认知功能训练

目的 观察认知训练对脑外伤患认知功能的影响，为患全面康复提供帮助。方法 46例脑外伤患分为两组，治疗组采用记忆训练、综合分析能力训练等认知训练方法；对照组不进行认知训练，其余治疗措施两组相同。于入院时和2个月后对两组患进行采用韦氏成人智力测验（WAIS－RC）测评。结果 治疗组治疗前后、治疗组与对照组相比较，WAIS－RC得分均明显提高，差异有显性意义（P＜0．01）。对照组各成分得分首次与第二次相比较差异无显性意义（P＞0．05）。结论 认知训练能改善脑外伤患的认知功能，有助于患全面康复。     

精神分裂症认知功能训练新进展

<正>精神分裂症是严重性精神疾病之一,其病因不明,病程迁延并伴随着幻觉、妄想等一系列阳性性状和阴性性状。认知缺陷被认为是精神分裂症治疗干预的重要目标[1]。目前认知缺陷被认为是精神分裂症的显著特点,其有两大领域缺陷,分别是社会认知缺陷和非社会认知缺陷,它们限制了患者的功能恢复[2]。精神分裂症的主要认知缺陷领域是工作记忆、执行功能、注意与信息处理、学习与记忆以及社会认知缺陷。以上这些认知功能缺陷明显影响着患者的功能预后,包括职     

自我感知老化对老年人认知功能影响的系统评价

目的 系统评价自我感知老化对老年人认知功能的影响。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库建库至2022年10月21日的文献,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,并进行资料提取、质量评价和结果分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,其中4篇为横断面研究,6篇为队列研究,文献质量整体较高。结果显示,自我感知老化对老年人的总体认知功能、记忆功能、语言功能和处理速度具有显著影响。结论自我感知老化可作为老年人认知功能状况的预测因子,需早期关注老年人自我感知老化水平。今后研究需进一步探索自我感知老化在认知下降进程中发挥作用的具体成分,深入阐述自我感知老化与认知功能的相互关系,为延缓老年人认知功能下降提供依据。     

双任务干预改善健康老年人平衡功能效益的系统综述

目的 系统综述双任务干预对健康老年人平衡功能干预的有效性。     

正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受效果的系统综述北大核心CSCD

目的系统评价正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受的效果。方法检索2010年1月1日至2020年11月31日Web of Science、EBSCO、APA PsycInfo、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection、Medline、CNKI、Wanfang数据库关于正念训练与残疾人心理康复的研究。筛选文献,进行质量评定并提取文献资料,对正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受的效果进行综述。结果共纳入15项研究,涉及64个独立效应量,1065例被试。主要涉及精神残疾、智力残疾、肢体残疾和言语残疾。常用的正念训练方案是正念认知行为疗法、正念减压疗法、正念太极拳和正念瑜伽等。正念训练对残疾人的效果主要表现为缓解焦虑/抑郁,提高对于消极体验的接受性等。结论正念训练可以辅助改善残疾人的负性情绪,提高残疾人心理接受水平,进而促进身心健康,提高生活质量。     

A systematic review of the effectiveness of in-home community nurse led interventions for the mental health of older persons

Aims and objectives. The aim was to systematically review evidence about the effectiveness of in‐home community nurse‐led interventions for older persons with, or at risk of, mental health disorders, to inform best practice nursing care with this focus. The primary review question was ‘How effective are in‐home community nurse‐led interventions for older persons with or at risk of mental health disorders for improving mental health?’ The outcome indices of interest were nursing actions to determine incidence or prevalence of mental health disorders, any change in a patient’s attitude towards their mental health condition, any change in objective measurement of mental health, or a change in diagnostic status. Background. The rising incidence of mental health disorders in older persons is a major concern for community nurses in developed countries. Effectively facilitating improved mental health for older persons is necessary in this era of ageing populations with increased demands on health funding. Disseminating systematically reviewed evidence for in‐home community nursing that positively impacts on the mental health of older persons is crucial to ensure effective care is provided to this vulnerable patient group. Results. This review reveals that there is evidence to support the superiority of applying validated screening tools for mental health disorders over relying on community nurses’ opinions and non‐validated tools about this matter. Design. Systematic review. Methods. Search of electronic databases. Conclusion. A clear need for replication and multi‐centre trials of reviewed pertinent studies is identified. Relevance to clinical practice. Community nurses should consider using validated screening tools for this focus. Until such time as higher quality evidence is available about other nursing interventions, the reviewers suggest that the prime nursing action should be the identification of whether older persons receiving community nursing care might have a mental health disorder and, if so, then collaborative referral is made to appropriate services.     

Maintaining oral hydration in older adults: a systematic review

Dehydration is the most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance in older adults. The objectives were to identify the factors that increase the risk of dehydration in older adults, how best to assess the risk and manage oral fluid intake. Data sources included Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase and Current Contents, which were searched until February 2002. Randomized controlled trials for management of adequate fluid intake were undertaken. Cohort and case control studies were used for the identification of risk factors for dehydration. Studies of assessment tools for the identification of dehydration were also considered. Results show that there is no clear determination of the risk factors for dehydration and decreased fluid intake. The recommended daily intake of fluids should be not less than 1600 mL/24 h in order to ensure adequate hydration. A fluid intake sheet and urine specific gravity might be the best methods of monitoring daily fluid intake. Regular presentation of fluids to bedridden older adults can maintain adequate hydration status. In conclusion, more research is required to determine the optimum method of maintaining adequate oral hydration in older adults.     

Staff-family relationships in the care of older people: a report on a systematic review

This article reports on a systematic review of the strategies, practices, and organizational characteristics that promote constructive staff-family relationships in the care of older adults in the health care setting. Research evidence points to the need to address power and control issues, communication, and collaborative approaches to care. Interventions designed to promote family-staff relationships are more likely to achieve maximum benefit when implemented with accompanying information sharing, education, and managerial support.     

The impact of psychosocial training on staff attitudes towards people living with dementia: A systematic review

Background

As the prevalence of dementia increases, the need for appropriately trained and skilled care teams also increases. Staff attitudes towards people living with dementia have a significant impact on caregiving behaviours and staff and resident outcomes. Training within care settings is a potential way of improving staff attitudes towards residents in their care.

Objectives

This review aimed to (i) assess the effectiveness of psychosocial training in improving care staff attitudes towards dementia; and (ii) examine the content and focus of training.

Method

The review was conducted following PRISMA guidance and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO prior to conducting the review. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature was undertaken using CINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO from inception to March 2021. All papers were evaluated using a quality appraisal tool.

Results

Ten studies met inclusion criteria and were of variable quality. However, six studies found significant improvements in staff attitudes towards dementia following staff training. The studies varied in terms of training focus and included behavioural, communication and cognitive-based approaches.

Conclusions

Staff training could be an effective method of improving staff attitudes towards dementia in care settings. Further research adopting high-quality randomised controlled designs to further explore staff attitudes following psychosocial training would make a valuable contribution to the literature base.     

External validity of physical activity interventions for community-dwelling older adults with fall risk: a quantitative systematic literature review

mcmahon s. & fleury j. (2012)?External validity of physical activity interventions for community-dwelling older adults with fall risk: a quantitative systematic literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2140-2154. ABSTRACT: Aim. To appraise the external validity of physical activity interventions designed to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults, using the reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework. Background. Falls are a globally common, important, and a preventable problem. The efficacy of physical activity interventions to reduce falls among older adults is well established. Translation of this research into practice is slow as evidenced by persistently low proportions of older adults who engage in physical activities and the rising incidence of falls. Data sources. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000-2010. Studies that examined the effects of physical activity interventions designed to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults were included in this review (n?=?46). Design. This was a quantitative systematic review with narrative synthesis. The reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework guided the identification, appraisal, and synthesis of indicators representing study validity. Results. The majority of studies in this review described indicators representing internal validity. Details about indicators representing external validity were reported infrequently, limiting the generalizability of fall-preventive physical activity interventions in diverse cultures and social contexts over time. Conclusions. To foster translational research in real world settings, additional programmatic intervention research is needed that: (i) targets diverse populations; (ii) incorporates theories of behavioural change; (iii) describes and operationalizes critical content that enables replication and translation; (iv) tests innovative measures of fall risk and physical activity; and (v) evaluates feasibility and acceptability.