艾灸干预腹泻型肠易激综合征大鼠miR 24/SERT/5 HT通路改善内脏高敏感状态实验观察

目的 观察艾灸干预对腹泻型肠易激综合征（diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome，IBS-D）大鼠微小RNA-24（micro RNA-24，miR-24）/5-羟色胺转运体（serotonin transporter，SERT）/5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT）通路的影响，探究艾灸改善IBS-D大鼠内脏敏感性的作用机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组共3组，每组12只。采用母子分离＋醋酸刺激＋慢性束缚法制备IBS-D大鼠模型。艾灸组给予艾灸双侧“天枢”“上巨虚”20 min，连续7 d。分别于34、45、53 d检测各组大鼠体质量、稀便率和腹部回撤反射（abdominal withdrawal reflex，AWR）的最小容量阈值；苏木精-伊红染色检测结肠组织病理学变化；ELISA法测定大鼠血清、中脑、结肠组织中5-HT、SERT、5-羟色胺受体4（serotonin receptor 4，5-HT4R）、降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene related peptide，CGRP）、P物质（substance P，SP）水平的变化；Western blot、RT-PCR检测大鼠中脑、结肠组织中SERT、5-HT4R、CGRP、SP的蛋白及mRNA表达水平；RT-PCR检测中脑、结肠组织中miR-24表达水平。结果 与正常组比较，模型组大鼠稀便率升高（P＜0.05）、AWR最小容量阈值下降（P＜0.05）；血清、中脑、结肠组织中5-HT、5-HT4R、CGRP、SP水平均显著升高（P＜0.05），SERT水平均显著降低（P＜0.05）；miR-24表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05），SERT蛋白及mRNA表达水平均明显降低（P＜0.05），5-HT4R、CGRP、SP的蛋白及mRNA表达水平均明显升高（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，艾灸组大鼠稀便率下降（P＜0.05），AWR最小容量阈值上升（P＜0.05）；血清、中脑和结肠组织中5-HT、5-HT4R、CGRP、SP水平均显著降低（P＜0.05），SERT水平显著升高（P＜0.05）；miR-24表达水平显著降低（P＜005），SERT的蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05），5-HT4R、CGRP、SP的蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 艾灸干预改善IBS-D大鼠内脏高敏感性可能与下调miR-24表达，促进SERT对5-HT的重摄取，降低5-HT水平有关。     

高压氧对大脑中动脉阻塞模型大鼠脑组织中Mcl-1表达的影响及其脑组织损伤作用机制

目的: 探讨高压氧（HBO）对大脑中动脉阻塞（MCAO）模型大鼠脑组织抗凋亡蛋白髓细胞白血病因子1（Mcl-1）表达的影响,阐述高压氧对受损脑组织的损伤作用机制。 方法: 随机选取20只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,分为假手术（Sham）组6只、模型（MCAO）组和HBO组各7只。采用线栓法制作MCAO模型。Sham组仅进行血管分离,MCAO组缺血90 min进行再灌注,HBO组在MCAO组的基础上,于再灌注3 h时,给予3.0绝对大气压（ATA）高压纯氧治疗1 h;所有大鼠于再灌注24 h后处死。取脑组织冠状切片,用1%红四氮唑（TTC）染色检测并计算梗死面积;取大脑皮层梗死边缘区组织提取RNA和蛋白质,采用RT-PCR法检测Mcl-1 mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测Mcl-1蛋白表达水平。 结果: 与MCAO组比较,HBO组大鼠脑梗死面积比明显增加（P<0.01）。与Sham组比较,MCAO组大鼠脑组织中Mcl-1 mRNA表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）;与MCAO组比较,HBO组大鼠脑组织中Mcl-1 mRNA表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）。与Sham组比较,HBO组和MCAO组大鼠脑组织中的Mcl-1蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）;HBO组与MCAO组Mcl-1蛋白表达水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与MCAO组比较,HBO组Bax/Mcl-1水平明显升高（P<0.01）。 结论: 高压氧可能通过促进Mcl-1的降解,引起Bax/Mcl-1平衡失调,导致神经细胞凋亡而加剧组织损伤。     

重度颅脑损伤引发肺组织VEGF及其受体改变的研究

【目的】研究重度颅脑损伤引发肺组织血管内皮生长因子VEGF及其受体的改变。【方法】复制Marmarou’s脑损伤大鼠模型,采用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法分别检测手术对照组和各损伤组肺组织VEGF及其受体Flk-1、Flt-1蛋白和mRNA水平。【结果】VEGF和Flk-1蛋白和mRNA表达水平随损伤时间的延长而加强：VEGF蛋白表达水平在损伤后8、12、24和48 h显著升高（P〈0.01）,mRNA表达水平在损伤后24和48 h显著升高（P〈0.01）;Flk-1蛋白表达水平在损伤后24和48 h显著升高（P〈0.01）,mRNA水平损伤后48 h明显升高（P〈0.05）;Flt-1蛋白和mRNA表达水平随损伤时间的延长而降低,蛋白表达水平在损伤后24和48 h显著降低（P〈0.01）,mRNA水平在损伤后8、12、24和48 h组显著降低（P〈0.01）。【结论】VEGF及其受体在神经源性肺水肿的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

miR-485-5p通过下调FOSL2表达影响鼻咽癌细胞增殖和凋亡

【摘要】 目的 探讨微小RNA-485-5p（miR-485-5p）对鼻咽癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法 选取2016年5月～2018年4月本院行手术治疗的36例鼻咽癌患者癌组织为研究对象,对应癌旁组织距离肿瘤边缘＞3cm作为对照组。RT-qPCR检测鼻咽癌组织和对应的癌旁组织中miR-485-5p和FOS样抗原2（FOSL2）mRNA水平,Pearson相关性分析鼻咽癌组织中miR-485-5p和FOSL2 mRNA表达相关性。以人永生化鼻咽上皮细胞系NP69为对照,RT-qPCR检测鼻咽癌细胞系6-10B和5 8F中miR-485-5p和FOSL2 mRNA表达水平,Western Blot检测FOSL2蛋白水平。将5-8F细胞分为miR-NC组、miR-485-5p组、si-NC组、si-FOSL2组、miR-485-5p+pcDNA3.0组和miR-485-5p+pcDNA3.0 FOSL2组,MTT实验、流式细胞术、Western Blot分别检测各组5-8F细胞增殖、凋亡及Cyclin D1、p21、Bcl-2和Bax表达。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-485-5p与FOSL2调控关系。结果 与癌旁组织比较,鼻咽癌组织中miR-485-5p水平降低（P＜0.05）,FOSL2 mRNA表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,且鼻咽癌组织中miR-485-5p与FOSL2 mRNA表达水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。与NP69细胞比,鼻咽癌细胞系6-10B和5-8F中miR-485-5p表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,FOSL2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。与miR-NC组比较,miR-485-5p组5-8F细胞存活率、CyclinD1和Bcl-2蛋白水平降低（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率、p21和Bax蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）。与si-NC组比较,si-FOSL2组5-8F细胞存活率及CyclinD1和Bcl-2蛋白水平降低（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率、p21和Bax蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）。miR-485-5p在5-8F细胞中负调控FOSL2表达。与miR-485-5p+pcDNA3.0组比较,miR-4855p+pcDNA3.0 FOSL2组5-8F细胞存活率及CyclinD1和Bcl-2蛋白水平升高（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率、p21和Bax蛋白水平降低（P＜0.05）。结论 miR-485-5p在鼻咽癌组织和细胞中表达降低,FOSL2表达升高;过表达miR-485-5p通过靶向负调控FOSL2抑制鼻咽癌细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡。     

TRIM31通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体通路改善蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤

目的 探讨三结构域蛋白31（TRIM31）对蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）大鼠早期脑损伤的影响及其潜在机制。方法 将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组（sham组）、SAH模型组（SAH组）、阴性对照慢病毒干预组（Lv-NC组）和TRIM31过表达慢病毒干预组（Lv-TRIM31组）,每组15只。除sham组外,其他各组均采用血管内穿刺法制备SAH大鼠模型,并于造模前24 h经侧脑室注射慢病毒进行干预。造模后24 h,采用改良Garcia评分评估各组大鼠神经功能,并检测脑组织含水量;TUNEL染色观察各组大鼠海马神经元凋亡情况;ELISA法检测大鼠海马组织中炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18表达水平;qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测大鼠海马组织TRIM31、NLRP3、ASC和Caspase-1 mRNA以及蛋白表达水平。结果 与sham组比较,SAH组大鼠神经功能评分降低（P＜0.001）,脑组织含水量、海马神经元凋亡率、IL-1β和IL-18表达水平以及NLRP3、ASC和Caspase-1 的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高（P＜0.05）,而TRIM31 mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。与SAH组比较,Lv-TRIM31组大鼠神经功能评分升高（P＜0.001）,脑组织含水量、海马神经元凋亡率、IL-1β和IL-18表达水平以及NLRP3、ASC和Caspase-1 的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低（P＜0.05）,TRIM31 mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.001）,而Lv-NC组以上各指标无显著性变化（P＞0.05）。结论 过表达TRIM31可减轻SAH大鼠早期脑损伤,其机制可能与抑制NLRP3炎性小体通路有关。     

MicroRNA-183对急性主动脉夹层细胞外基质重塑的作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨microRNA-183(miR-183)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在急性主动脉夹层（AAD）中的表达水平及其参与调节平滑肌细胞细胞外基质（ECM）的机制。方法 收集20例确诊为AAD的组织标本作为AAD组,20例无主动脉病变的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的组织标本作为NC组,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和Western blotting检测检测miR-183、MMP-9蛋白相对表达量。将人主动脉平滑肌细胞（HASMC）分为3组：Mimic组、Inhibitor组和对照组;Mimic组用miRNA-183 mimic转染HASMC;Inhibitor组用miRNA-183 inhibitor转染HASMC,对照组未做处理。采用qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测miR-183、MMP-9 m RNA、MMP-9蛋白及其底物弹性蛋白（Elastin）的表达。结果 AAD组miRNA-183相对表达量低于NC组（P <0.05）,而MMP-9蛋白相对表达量高于NC组（P <0.05）。与对照组比较,Mimic组miRNA-18...     

长期酒精暴露和戒断后大鼠不同脑区肌动蛋白结合蛋白、细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 探讨长期酒精暴露和戒断对大鼠不同脑区肌动蛋白结合蛋白（cofilin）、磷酸化cofilin （P-cofilin）以及细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶5（cdk5）表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,随机等分为1个对照组和3个实验组.实验组大鼠自由饮含低浓度乙醇（体积分数为6％）的水溶液2月,对照组大鼠正常饮自来水.2月后撤除酒精进行戒断症状评分,并分别在戒断0h、戒断6h、戒断2d处死大鼠取脑组织.采用免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠伏隔核和纹状体区cofilin、p-cofilin （ser3）以及cdk5的表达水平.结果 实验组大鼠撤除酒精后出现明显的戒断症状,在戒断6h达到高峰.在大鼠伏隔核区,戒断0h组cofilin表达水平较对照组显著降低[（0.31±0.05）,（0.39±0.05）,P＜0.05],戒断0h、戒断6h组cdk5表达水平较对照组显著升高[（0.36±0.07）、（0.34±0.07）,（0.25±0.05）,P＜0.05].在大鼠纹状体,戒断0h组cofilin表达水平较对照组显著降低[（0.26±0.04）,（0.34±0.05）,P＜0.05],戒断6h组p-cofilin表达水平较对照组显著升高[（0.43±0.06）,（0.30±0.06）,P＜0.01],戒断0h组cdk5表达水平较对照组显著升高[（0.35±0.06）,（0.26±0.05）,P＜0.05],戒断6h组cdk5表达水平与对照组相比显著升高[（0.37±0.06）,（0.26±0.05）,P＜0.01].结论 长期酒精暴露诱导大鼠形成酒精依赖,并导致相关脑区肌动蛋白结合蛋白以及cdk5的表达变化.     

转化生长因子-β1对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子及细胞外基质表达的影响

目的 研究转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子表达和细胞外基质（ECM）积聚的影响。方法 体外培养SD 大鼠原代腹膜间皮细胞,静止24h 后,采用RT-PCR 检测TGF-β1（10ng/ml）刺激后0、3、6、12、24、48h 单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、白介素-6（IL-6）、Ⅰ型胶原（CollagenⅠ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）mRNA 的表达情况;Western blot 检测TGF-β1（10ng/ml）刺激后0、4、12、24、48h CollagenⅠ和PAI-1 表达情况;ELISA 法检测MCP-1 和IL-6 表达情况。结果 TGF-β1处理6h 后MCP-1、IL-6 和PAI-1mRNA 即开始逐渐升高,与0h 组的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,24h 后显著升高（均P＜0.01）;TGF-β1 处理12h 后CollagenⅠmRNA 表达开始明显升高,与0h 比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,24h 后有显著升高（P＜0.01）;TGF-β1 处理4h 后IL-6 表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,24h 后显著升高（P＜0.01）;处理12h 后MCP-1 和PAI-1 表达水平较0h 明显升高（P＜0.05）,处理24h 后CollagenⅠ表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;TGF-β1 显著增加MCP-1、IL-6、CollagenⅠ、PAI-1 及其mRNA 的表达上调。结论 TGF-β1可能通过诱导大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子上调表达和ECM积聚导致腹膜纤维化。     

远隔缺血预适应对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的：研究远隔缺血预适应（ remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）表达的影响,以探讨 RIPC 保护脑缺血损伤的相关机制。方法应用线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）模型,将21只健康雄性 SD 大鼠采用数字表法随机分为3组：假手术组（sham,n=7）,MCAO 组（n=7）,RIPC＋MCAO 组（n =7）。在 MCAO 手术前连续3 d,进行远隔肢体缺血预适应处理（双侧股动脉夹闭10 min/放开10 min,每天3次）。在缺血2 h-再灌注24 h 后进行神经功能评分,TTC 染色检测脑梗死体积,采用 Western blotting 方法检测梗死侧脑组织的 iNOS 蛋白表达水平。结果1）在 MCAO 手术过程中,3组实验动物的生理指标均在正常范围内,且组间差异无统计学意义。与 sham 组相比,MCAO 组大鼠再灌注24 h 时神经功能缺损评分显著升高、脑梗死体积明显增大（P〈0.05）。而 RIPC＋MCAO 组大鼠神经功能较 MCAO 组大鼠得到明显改善、脑梗死体积显著减少（P〈0.05）。2）再灌注24 h 时,与 sham 组相比,MCAO 组大鼠脑梗死侧 iNOS 蛋白表达显著增加（P〈0.05）。与 MCAO 组相比,RIPC＋MCAO 组大鼠脑梗死侧 iNOS 蛋白表达显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论 RIPC 处理对大鼠脑缺血损伤具有保护作用,其机制与降低脑缺血大鼠脑内 iNOS 蛋白表达有关。     

温阳复元方通过调控miRNA-137/线粒体铁死亡通路保护大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤机制研究

目的 探讨温阳复元方对miRNA-137/线粒体铁死亡通路的调控作用,阐明该方对脑缺血再灌注损伤（CIRI）的神经保护作用机制。方法 线栓法制备大鼠CIRI模型,将144只SD大鼠随机分为假手术（SO）组、模型（I/R）组、补阳还五汤对照（BYHW）组、温阳复元方（WYFY）组、温阳复元方+miRNA-137模拟物（WYFY+mimic）组、温阳复元方+miRNA-137抑制物（WYFY+Inhibitor）组,每组按再灌注时间点分为3个亚组。采用Zea-Longa评分法进行神经功能缺损评分（NFS）;TTC染色测量脑梗死体积;qRT-PCR和Western blot法观察miRNA-137、膜铁转运蛋白（FPN）和二价金属离子转运体1(DMT1)的mRNA及其蛋白表达水平。结果 (1)NFS结果：I/R组NFS较SO组显著增加（P<0.01）,与I/R组相比,BYHW组NFS仅在12 h时评分降低（P<0.05）,而WYFY组在24 h和3 d的NFS明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,WYFY+mimic组NFS显著下降（P<0.01）,WYFY+...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.