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目的 系统研究世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)2021年发布的健康促进学校全球标准及实施指南,基于世界卫生组织健康服务构成要素的理论,构建身体活动融入中小学健康促进学校的政策架构、内容标准以及实施路径。方法 基于WHO健康服务体系理论,对WHO和UNESCO身体活动与健康促进学校相关领域的核心政策文件进行内容分析,包括《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校全球标准与指标》《让每一所学校都成为健康促进学校实施指南》和《WHO关于学校健康服务指南》,构建身体活动融入中小学健康促进学校的政策架构、标准与实施指南的架构与核心内容以及实施路径。结果 健康促进学校融入健康服务体系的内容可以从领导力与治理能力、筹资、服务提供、人力资源、技术与设备设施和信息系统6个领域来构建。在学校环境下,实施健康服务,建设健康促进学校,可以将6个领域细化为8个标准,13个实施领域。从健康服务体系的6个构成要素出发将身体活动融入健康促进学校建设,内容涉及领导力和治理能力、健康促进学校筹资、健康促进学校人力资源、学校健康服务提供、健康技术和设备设施、健康信息系统6个方面。具体实施路径包括以下6个方面:... 相似文献
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目的 系统研究世界卫生组织(WHO)身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的相关政策架构与核心内容。方法 应用内容分析法和WHO健康服务体系理论,对WHO学校健康和身体活动相关领域的核心政策文件进行系统内容分析,构建身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的政策架构。WHO在学校健康领域核心政策文件包括《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》《WHO关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,在身体活动领域核心文件主要有《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划:加强身体活动,造就健康世界》《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》(儿童青少年部分)。结果 身体活动作为一项健康战略和发展战略,是建设健康促进学校的重要手段之一。在健康和教育领域,建设健康促进学校的关键是关注儿童功能和发展,以促进学校健康包容性和公平性为目标。在学校环境中,将儿童青少年身体活动纳入以健康促进为主的学校健康服务连续体中。在宏观层面,国家和有关部门应建立身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的战略架构和战略规划;在中观层面,教育机构应依据WHO学校健康服务指南的要求来制定和改进学校健康服务政策和方案,完善学校健康服务手段。通过提供高质量体育课程和课后身体活动实现儿童青少年健康服务;在微观层面,以构建健康促进学校的全球标准为指导,将身体活动以课程和活动的形式,促进儿童青少年健康发展。将身体活动融入学校健康服务体系,需从学校健康领导力与治理、学校基础设施筹资、支持身体活动的学校健康服务提供、学校健康人力资源、学校健康相关医药技术以及学校健康信息系统六个领域入手,实施健康促进学校政策行动、加强多层级的学校领导力与治理,筹措必要资金,开发适应健康促进学校建设的人力资源并建设支持身体活动的方案。结论 学校健康服务是促进儿童健康与实现联合国可持续发展目标的重要领域,身体活动是学校健康服务的重要内容。WHO颁布的相关核心政策文件,构建了身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的政策架构,其核心内容是要通过教育和体育手段将身体活动融入健康促进学校健康服务体系中,构建健康促进学校服务体系,促进儿童青少年健康发展。根据WHO健康服务体系构成六要素,身体活动融入学校健康服务体系需要加强学校健康领导力与治理、完善学校基础设施筹资,发展学校健康人力资源,研发基于学校的健康相关医药技术,建立共享学生健康数据的健康信息系统。 相似文献
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目的 分析世界卫生组织(WHO)健康服务体系、健康促进学校、身体活动领域的监测与评估的政策与方法体系,构建身体活动融入健康促进学校的监测与评估政策架构以及方法体系。方法 运用WHO健康服务体系构成要素的理论,在宏观、中观和微观3个层面,对WHO健康服务体系、健康促进学校和身体活动相关领域的核心政策文件进行系统内容分析,构建相关的政策架构并且分析核心内容。结果 在宏观政策层面,涉及政策架构、监测与评估架构、治理与监测能力建设。(1)根据WHO健康服务构成6要素的理论,构建身体活动融入健康促进学校监测与评估的政策架构,指导信息系统建设、监测指标体系、评估工具等开发与应用。(2)参照国家健康战略通用监测与评估架构,在学校健康服务体系监测架构和身体活动监测架构下,构建涵盖投入和过程指标、产出指标、结果指标和影响指标的监测与评估体系。(3)提升学校健康治理与监测能力,根据国家健康服务体系监测平台强化策略,加强国家健康促进学校治理与监测能力。在中观层面,涉及监测实施方案、核心内容以及数据平台。(1)构建国家的健康促进学校和身体活动监测体系以及监测与评估方案,坚持“健康第一”“学生中心”“全校参与”... 相似文献
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目的 系统研究世界卫生组织(WHO)关于健康服务、健康促进学校和身体活动相关政策文件的核心内容,构建身体活动融入大学健康服务的政策架构,并基于健康服务和健康促进学校理论体系提出大学生身体活动服务标准、行动领域和实施方案。 相似文献
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目的 系统综述世界卫生组织健康促进学校(WHO-HPS)架构下学校课程体系、身体活动相关健康服务类型及其对儿童青少年健康的影响。方法 检索EBSCO、PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网2017年至2023年6月公开发表的有关基于WHO-HPS架构的学校身体活动相关服务及其健康效益的系统综述,并进行系统综述。结果 最终纳入7篇英文系统综述,涉及147项研究,来自5个国家,包括瑞士、美国、意大利、英国和瑞典,主要来源于儿童体育与健康、HPS、学校身体活动等领域期刊,发表时间主要集中在2017年至2022年。基于WHO-HPS架构,学校实施的健康促进类课程体系主要涉及体育课(增加专门的运动项目课程如瑜伽、舞蹈,增加身体活动时间)和身体活动相关的健康教育课程、课外活动(包括实施儿童体育、娱乐和休闲计划、午餐享受活动和游戏计划,在学校常规课程中增加身体活动时间,创造课间休息和放学后额外的身体活动机会,提供日常身体活动计划)以及融入身体活动的其他课程。身体活动相关健康服务主要包括身体活动相关的健康筛查和监测、身体活动相关的青少年健康管理和健康促进活动。这些干预措施带来的健康效益主... 相似文献
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目的 探索健康促进学校视域下学校身体活动相关健康类课程构建的政策架构、核心内容及课程实施。 相似文献
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目的 比较国内外儿童青少年身体活动指南的政策背景和理论依据、活动方式和活动量、收益以及影响因素,为相关指南的制定和实施提供理论依据和方法指导。 方法 运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童和青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的分类架构对世界卫生组织、中国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大(2套)等颁布的6套儿童青少年身体活动指南进行内容解析和编码。对指南的政策背景、理论依据、循证方法、推荐活动方式、活动量、收益以及影响因素进行内容分析。 结果 6套指南均依据相关国家的健康政策和身体活动与健康的理论;推荐的主要活动方式包括体适能、技能和运动项目三大类,推荐的活动量为每天至少60 min中等强度或高强度活动,每周至少3次高强度或增强骨骼肌肉功能的活动。身体活动有助于发展和改善身体功能,提升活动和参与水平,同时有助于形成良好的生活习惯,建立健康的生活方式,并改善相关环境因素。 结论 ICF-CY的理论架构、术语和编码是儿童青少年身体活动指南内容分析的有效工具。国内外儿童青少年身体活动指南均有其健康发展的政策背景和健康相关的理论依据。儿童青少年的身体活动有体适能、技能和运动项目三大类,且各指南推荐了中、高强度的活动量。身体活动有助于形成良好的运动习惯,形成积极的生活方式。为了促进儿童青少年的身体活动,需要建立适宜的环境,包括:产品和技术;自然环境和对环境的人为改变;支持和相互联系;态度;服务、体制和政策。 相似文献
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目的 在健康服务视域下,探索身体活动融入儿童青少年眼健康服务体系的理论、内容及路径方法。方法 从世界卫生组织(WHO)健康服务体系六个组成部分,即领导力与治理、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术、健康信息出发,对基于学校的眼健康与身体活动相关政策架构与核心内容进行分析,探讨如何促进身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务体系,以及身体活动在眼健康服务连续体的预防、干预、康复和健康促进中的应用。结果 基于健康服务体系视角,根据《世界视觉报告》,将身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务应遵循跨领域健康服务的五大原则,即普遍可及性和公平性、人权、循证、全生命周期和赋权。WHO倡导构建以人为本的眼健康服务体系,以人为本是基于学校的眼健康服务与身体活动融合新模式的核心理念。在健康促进学校中倡导基于学校的教育和身体活动的方法促进学生的健康,将身体活动作为儿童青少年眼健康相关的预防、干预、康复和健康促进措施,并大力培养学校内部掌握身体活动与眼健康相关知识和技能的专业人员,构建身体活动与儿童青少年眼健康信息系统,推进身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务体系。结论 身体活动是促进儿童青少年眼健康的重要手段,也是实现以人为本的眼健康服务体系的重要组成部分。根据WHO健康服务体系六个构成要素,构建基于学校的眼健康服务,融合身体活动的理论和方法体系,要求在学校环境中提供教育和身体活动等健康促进的方法。提升学校环境下基于教育和身体活动方法的眼健康服务的领导力和治理,建立新筹资机制,提供资金保障,发展身体活动促进眼健康相关人力资源,完善相关服务提供体系,开发高质量身体活动干预眼健康技术与器材,并将儿童身体活动及眼健康信息融入到学校健康信息,从而实现儿童的眼健康和促进其身心发展。 相似文献
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目的系统研究世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织2021年发布的健康促进学校及健康服务的政策、指南和标准。方法世界卫生组织2021年发布的健康促进学校相关政策文件包括《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,构建了健康促进学校理论框架。本研究从健康服务体系的视角,对健康促进学校及健康服务的政策、指南和标准进行系统研究;对健康促进学校构成系统对儿童青少年健康的促进作用以及如何将身体活动作为健康促进学校的重要领域进行系统分析。结果健康促进学校倡议是世界卫生组织健康服务的重要研究领域。《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》主要服务对象包括5~19岁学生、教师以及学校中的其他工作人员。《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》涉及健康促进、健康教育、预防性干预措施、临床评估、健康服务管理等多种活动类型。《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》涉及政策资源、课程与环境、社区参与等方面的8个全球标准和13个具体领域。结论世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织提出了建设健康促进学校的相关政策架构,该架构以儿童健康为中心,倡导通过学校促进儿童青少年健康、公共卫生、教育、社会和经济发展,达到保障儿童青少年健康权利、满足健康需求的目标。健康促进学校建设过程中,要落实《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》的要求;在发展学校健康服务的过程中,要遵循《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,将教育和体育手段纳入学校健康服务体系中。 相似文献
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目的 系统综述不同身体活动对脑瘫儿童青少年的健康效益。方法 采用主题词和自由词相结合的检索策略,检索建库至2023年12月在Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO、Cochrane、中国知网数据库中发表的脑瘫儿童青少年参与身体活动干预后健康和功能结局的随机对照试验,并进行系统综述。结果 共纳入10项研究,涉及402例参与者(3~24岁),物理治疗证据数据库量表评分6~8分,来自澳大利亚、美国、巴西和荷兰,主要来源于康复医学、神经科学、残疾研究、物理治疗等领域,发表日期集中在2013年至2020年。身体活动类型包括体适能类(体能体适能、技能体适能)、运动技能类(粗大运动技能、精细运动技能)和适应性身体活动类(移动技能、休闲类)。每次20~60 min,每周1~5次,持续7~26周;干预强度为中等至高强度,干预场所涉及社区和家庭、学校、康复机构。有3种指导和支持模式:运动康复,适应性体育活动,以及运动康复与适应性体育活动相结合。健康效益体现在身体活动相关的健康行为、身体功能、活动和参与以及生活质量4个方面,包括提升身体活动水平,减少久坐行为;增强肌肉力量,提高心肺功能,改善... 相似文献
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Marina Reuterswärd MSc Monica Lagerström PhD 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》2010,24(1):156-163
Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 156–163
The aspects school health nurses find important for successful health promotion
Background: The work of school health nurses has changed over time; today they focus on health promotion, i.e. encouraging and protecting pupils' health.
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore school health nurses' conditions for health promotion work with pupils aged 13–15 years.
Methods: Eight school health nurses from eight different municipalities in Sweden were interviewed. Since the focus was on describing school health nurses' own experiences of their conditions for health promotion work, the research method used was based on Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis.
Results: The results showed that conditions for school health nurses' work with health promotion varied between the different municipalities. This had an influence on what they did and the extent to which they worked in this way. The school health nurses described three important aspects that were essential in order to enable successful health promotion work in schools: organisation, support and knowledge. Organisation : It was important to understand the role of school health nurses and the conditions for health promotion work. Without this, they could only work on an individual level. Support : A network of other professions, working in close collaboration for the health of the pupils, created an understanding of ill health and what could be done to promote health. Knowledge : Most school health nurses recognized a lack of general theories and methods, leading to different empirical working methods in the municipalities.
Conclusion: In an organisation where the need for health promotion work was understood, and school health nurses had support and knowledge, health promotion could be performed not only on an individual- but also on a general level. 相似文献
The aspects school health nurses find important for successful health promotion
Background: The work of school health nurses has changed over time; today they focus on health promotion, i.e. encouraging and protecting pupils' health.
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore school health nurses' conditions for health promotion work with pupils aged 13–15 years.
Methods: Eight school health nurses from eight different municipalities in Sweden were interviewed. Since the focus was on describing school health nurses' own experiences of their conditions for health promotion work, the research method used was based on Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis.
Results: The results showed that conditions for school health nurses' work with health promotion varied between the different municipalities. This had an influence on what they did and the extent to which they worked in this way. The school health nurses described three important aspects that were essential in order to enable successful health promotion work in schools: organisation, support and knowledge. Organisation : It was important to understand the role of school health nurses and the conditions for health promotion work. Without this, they could only work on an individual level. Support : A network of other professions, working in close collaboration for the health of the pupils, created an understanding of ill health and what could be done to promote health. Knowledge : Most school health nurses recognized a lack of general theories and methods, leading to different empirical working methods in the municipalities.
Conclusion: In an organisation where the need for health promotion work was understood, and school health nurses had support and knowledge, health promotion could be performed not only on an individual- but also on a general level. 相似文献
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School-based drama interventions in health promotion for children and adolescents: systematic review
Title. School-based drama interventions in health promotion for children andadolescents: systematic review.
Aim. The paper is a report of a review of the literature on the effects of school-based drama interventions in health promotion for school-aged children and adolescents.
Background. Drama, theatre and role-playing methods are commonly used in health promotion programmes, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. The educational drama approach and social cognitive theory is share the assumption that learning is based on self-reflection and interaction between environment and person. However, educational drama also emphasizes learning through the dialectics between actual and fictional contexts.
Data sources. A search was carried out using 10 databases and hand searching for the period January 1990 to October 2006.
Methods. A Cochrane systematic review was conducted.
Results. Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion. Their topics included health behaviour (five studies), mental health (two) and social health (two). Actor-performed drama or theatre play followed by group activities was the intervention in five studies, and classroom drama in four studies. Four of the studies were randomized controlled trials and five were non-randomized controlled studies. Four reports gave the theory on which the intervention was based, and in eight studies at least some positive effects or changes were reported, mostly concerning knowledge and attitudes related to health behaviour. The diversity of designs and instruments limited comparisons.
Conclusion. There is a need for well-designed and theory-based studies that address drama interventions in health promotion for children and families. The challenge is to find or develop a theory, which combines educational, drama and health theories with valid and reliable measurements to examine the effects of the intervention. 相似文献
Aim. The paper is a report of a review of the literature on the effects of school-based drama interventions in health promotion for school-aged children and adolescents.
Background. Drama, theatre and role-playing methods are commonly used in health promotion programmes, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited. The educational drama approach and social cognitive theory is share the assumption that learning is based on self-reflection and interaction between environment and person. However, educational drama also emphasizes learning through the dialectics between actual and fictional contexts.
Data sources. A search was carried out using 10 databases and hand searching for the period January 1990 to October 2006.
Methods. A Cochrane systematic review was conducted.
Results. Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion. Their topics included health behaviour (five studies), mental health (two) and social health (two). Actor-performed drama or theatre play followed by group activities was the intervention in five studies, and classroom drama in four studies. Four of the studies were randomized controlled trials and five were non-randomized controlled studies. Four reports gave the theory on which the intervention was based, and in eight studies at least some positive effects or changes were reported, mostly concerning knowledge and attitudes related to health behaviour. The diversity of designs and instruments limited comparisons.
Conclusion. There is a need for well-designed and theory-based studies that address drama interventions in health promotion for children and families. The challenge is to find or develop a theory, which combines educational, drama and health theories with valid and reliable measurements to examine the effects of the intervention. 相似文献
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目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建身体活动对残疾儿童青少年健康效果的范畴及研究架构,系统分析残疾儿童青少年的主要残疾类型、身体活动处方及其健康效果。方法 检索Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO、中国知网、万方、维普,收集2015年至2022年10月发表的残疾儿童青少年参与身体活动及其健康结局相关的系统综述,进行系统综述。结果 纳入9篇系统综述,来自6个国家,涉及138项随机对照试验和4 878例参与者(3~18岁)。主要来源于康复心理学、医学、运动心理学等相关领域的期刊,发表日期集中在2015年至2022年。涉及的疾病主要有唐氏综合征、脑瘫、运动协调障碍、四肢瘫痪、注意力缺陷多动障碍、焦虑症和抑郁症、情绪障碍、前庭受损、感音神经性听力受损等。有益的身体活动方式包括有氧运动、核心训练、渐进式抗阻运动、高强度间歇训练、注意运动训练、步态训练平衡训练、前庭特异性神经肌肉训练、知觉运动训练、游泳、足球、网球、体操、舞蹈等。推荐活动方案每次5~120 min,活动频率每周1~80次,活动强度为中高强度,持续1~139周。活动情境主要为运动训练,活动场所集中于... 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among interpersonal influences (i.e., social support, norms, modeling), behavior‐specific cognitions (i.e., self‐efficacy, perceived benefits/barriers), competing demands, and physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents (N = 832). The results from structural equation modeling indicated that perceived self‐efficacy was the most important predictor of physical activity. Interpersonal influences, when considered in total, had a weak and nonsignificant direct effect on physical activity but had indirect effects on physical activity thorough perceived benefits and perceived self‐efficacy. When sources of interpersonal influences were considered separately, parental influences did not have direct effects on physical activity. In contrast, peers did have a significant direct effect on physical activity and also indirect influences on physical activity through perceived self‐efficacy. All variables accounted for 30% of the variance in physical activity. Results of this study identify important influences useful to health professionals for promoting physical activity in this population. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Res Nurs Health 25:25–36, 2002. 相似文献