螺旋CT诊断儿童腺样体肥大的临床应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在诊断儿童腺样体肥大的临床应用价值。方法:对68例患儿行鼻咽部行轴位CT扫描,层厚3.75mm,行0.625mm矢状面重建,观察腺样体形态并测量A/N比值。结果:68例均为腺样体弥漫性增大并向前不同程度突入后鼻孔,伴有双侧咽鼓管口淋巴组织增生及副鼻窦炎48例、中耳乳突炎25例、扁桃体肥大33例、鼻甲肥大57例。A/N≤0.61≥0.70者28例,A/N≥0.71者40例。结论:CT检查能全面准确显示腺样体肥大及阻塞鼻咽腔的程度,同时可以显示其并发症,CT检查是腺样体肥大术前检查的首选。     

数字化摄影诊断腺样体肥大的价值(附86例分析)

目的:探讨鼻咽部侧位片对小儿腺样体肥大的诊断价值。方法:86例怀疑腺样体肥大患儿均摄鼻咽部侧位片,测量腺样体厚度、鼻咽腔宽度及后气道宽度(PAS),并计算腺样体指数A/N,以评估腺样体肥大程度。结果:A/N≤0.60者16例,0.61～0.70者14例,A/N≥0.71者56例;PAS≤5mm者36例;6～10mm者24例;≥10mm者26例。结论:X线鼻咽侧位片是诊断腺样体肥大简单、经济的一种重要检查方法。     

儿童腺样体生理大小的多层螺旋CT研究

目的:探讨腺样体的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)测量方法,测定各年龄组儿童腺样体的生理大小.方法:回顾性分析因其它疾病而行鼻咽部CT扫描的56名儿童的CT横断图像,薄层重建后传送至工作站行多平面重组(MPR),于MPR正中矢状面测量腺样体的厚度(A)及鼻咽腔的宽度(N),以A/N比率反映腺样体的大小.56名儿童分三组分析:Ⅰ组1～3岁14人,Ⅱ组4～8岁19人,Ⅲ组9～14岁23人.结果:三组儿童腺样体厚度分别为8.78±1.19mm、10.19±1.18mm、9.32±1.21mm,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腺样体厚度(A)有统计学意义(t=2.65, P<0.05);鼻咽腔宽度(N)分别为17.53±1.47mm、19.13±2.12mm、22.91±2.34mm,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组的鼻咽腔宽度具有显著差异性(t=3.25, P<0.01);三组儿童腺样体的A/N比率分别为0.49±0.07、0.51±0.08、0.46±0.05,各组儿童腺样体的A/N比率不具统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:了解儿童不同时期腺样体的生理大小,有助于临床判断腺样体有无肥大、肥大的程度.多层螺旋CT检查是儿童腺样体检查的首选.     

小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的鼻咽部多层螺旋CT研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对疑似小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床价值.方法:随机选取临床怀疑为OSAS的各年龄组儿童30名(Ⅰ组1～3岁,Ⅱ组4～8岁,Ⅲ组9～14岁),分别进行鼻咽部多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描及多导睡眠监测(PSG).CT横断图像经薄层重建后传递至工作站行多平面重组(MPR),于正中矢状面测定腺样体的厚度(A)及鼻咽腔宽度(N),以腺样体鼻咽比率(A/N)反映腺样体大小.结果:以A/N比率≥0.71为腺样体病理性肥大为参考标准,CT诊断OSAS 29例;经PSG证实OSAS 33例,其中A/N比率≥0.71者24例,A/N比率<0.71者9例.CT与PSG疾病检出的符合率为72.7%.儿童腺样体肥大与OSAS的诊断无明显的相关性(r=-0.991, P>0.05).33例各年龄组OSAS儿童的A/N比率分别为:0.73±0.04、0.75±0.04、0.72±0.03,非OSAS(单纯性鼾症)各年龄组的A/N比率分别为:0.52±0.06、0.54±0.05、0.51±0.05.各年龄组OSAS儿童与单纯性鼾症儿童的A/N比率有显著差异性(P<0.01).CT显示并发症:伴分泌性中耳炎9例,副鼻窦炎21例,鼻甲肥大18例.结论:MSCT能准确测定OSAS儿童腺样体的大小、评价鼻咽腔阻塞的程度,并且可清楚地显示并发症.MSCT可广泛地运用于临床对疑似OSAS的普查、筛选.     

鼻咽腺样体肥大的MR及CT诊断

目的:探讨腺样体肥大的CT及MR诊断价值及腺样体-鼻咽腔比率(A/N比值)对判断腺样体肥大程度的应用。方法:分析139例腺样体肥大患者的CT及MR表现,其中作CT矢状面图像重组或MR矢状面扫描的42例。重点观察病变部位的形态改变、邻近解剖关系及其并发症,并对其矢状面图像进行A/N比值测定。结果:腺样体肥大的CT及MR表现为鼻咽顶后壁中央弥漫性的软组织增生,呈团块状、山丘样突出或不规则增厚,咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘区均无浸润表现,邻近骨质无异常改变。腺样体肥大指数A/N比值≥0.71有33例,0.70≥A/N比值≥0.61有7例,A/N比值≤0.60有2例。结论:CT和MR的横断面图像及矢状面图像的A/N比值的测定能准确地诊断腺样体肥大,明确并发症,并能准确量化肥大程度。     

儿童腺样体肥大的X线诊断分析(附120例报告)

目的探讨鼻咽部侧位CR片对儿童腺样体肥大的诊断价值。方法收集经临床及手术证实的儿童腺样体肥大120例,均摄取鼻咽部侧位CR片,测量顶后壁软组织厚度(A值)和鼻咽腔宽度(N值),并计算A/N比值。结果120例儿童腺样体肥大病例鼻咽部顶后壁软组织均不同程度增厚,为13.7~27.3 mm,均值达21.9 mm,并可见鼻咽腔不同程度受压变窄,A/N比值平均比率>0.70,达0.80。结论鼻咽部侧位CR片测量,是一种简便准确可行的儿童腺样体肥大的诊断方法。     

16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描技术在儿童腺样体肥大中的应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描技术在儿童腺样体肥大的临床应用。方法:对46例临床疑似腺样体肥大儿童行16层螺旋CT低剂量和常规剂量扫描,将其随机分为两组,对比两种剂量扫描的图像质量与患者的辐射剂量。结果:16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描与常规剂量扫描对显示鼻咽部的解剖结构及病变差异无显著性意义(P=0.381)。对低剂量组/常规剂量组两组腺样体CT值平均值之间无统计学差异(P=0.256)。CT值标准偏差之间无统计学差异(P=0.313)。低剂量CT扫描显示儿童鼻咽部扫描参数中CTDIvol为4.35mGy、DLP为40.62mGy.cm,常规剂量CTDIvol为8.65mGy、DLP为81.23mGy.cm。低剂量与常规剂量相比,其CTDIvol和DLP降低了约50%的辐射剂量。结论:16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描对腺样体肥大的诊断结果与常规剂量均相同,故16层螺旋CT低剂量扫描临床疑似腺样体肥大的患者,完全能替代常规剂量的16层螺旋CT扫描。     

咽侧壁厚度在腺样体肥大CT诊断中的临床价值

目的 研究咽侧壁厚度在腺样体肥大CT诊断中的临床价值.方法 分析117例临床考虑腺样体肥大患者的CT表现,重点观察腺样体厚度、咽侧壁厚度,对其矢状面图像进行腺样体与鼻咽腔宽度(A/N)比值测定,探讨比值与咽侧壁厚度的相关性.结果 117例患者中,Ⅰ组A/N≥0.70,50例,咽侧壁厚度为(1.26±0.33)cm;Ⅱ组0.60   

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的上气道低剂量多层螺旋CT表现

目的分析儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的上气道多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现及其应用价值。方法对36例经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的儿童OSAHS患者,采用16层多层螺旋CT行上气道低剂量扫描,进行冠、矢状面及垂直气道长轴的斜位断面重建,测量鼻咽、口咽上部、口咽下部及喉咽咽腔横截面积,分析儿童OSAHS的上气道狭窄原因及解剖学定位。并选择阴性对照组,检查与测量方法同OSAHS患儿组,对比OSAHS患儿与无鼾症儿童是否存在显著性差异。结果36例儿童OS-AHS患者鼻咽、口咽上部及口咽下部咽腔横截面积明显小于对照组,两者存在显著性差异。患儿均可见腺样体肥大与扁桃体肿大,其中腺样体咽腔比值(A/N)≥0.71者32例,占88.9%;扁桃体Ⅲ°肿大33例,占91.7%。结论儿童OSAHS存在上气道解剖学狭窄,低剂量MSCT扫描是检查儿童OSAHS上气道可靠方法。     

锥形束CT在儿童腺样体肥大诊断中的临床应用价值

目的:分析锥形束CT在儿童腺样体肥大诊断中的准确性，探讨其对腺样体肥大诊断的临床应用价值。方法:收集2018年1月-2022年1月因睡眠打鼾于本院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科就诊的158例患儿锥形束CT和电子鼻内镜资料。测量计算腺样体正中矢状面A/N(腺样体-鼻咽腔比率)、PAS(后气道间隙)和腺样体占后鼻孔范围比值，并将患儿的锥形束CT诊断结果与电子鼻内镜检查结果进行比较。结果:锥形束CT图像上A/N诊断结果与鼻内镜检查相比敏感度为86.72%、特异度为70.00%、准确性为83.54%;PAS诊断结果与鼻内镜检查相比敏感度为92.19%、特异度为76.67%、准确性为89.24%。158例患儿合并鼻窦炎者106例，其中内镜诊断确诊率18.87%,锥形束CT诊断确诊率96.23%;158例患儿合并中耳炎者46例，其中内镜诊断确诊率71.74%,锥形束CT诊断确诊率78.26%。结论:锥形束CT是诊断腺样体肥大可靠和准确的工具，可以作为鼻内镜不耐受患儿的替代检查方法。且一次低剂量的精确扫描，在了解腺样体大小的同时，观察鼻窦及中耳有无积液，有助于全面把握患儿的病情，综合性考虑治疗方案。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.