应用宫颈超声测量预测延期妊娠引产效果

目的：探讨阴道超声测量延期妊娠引产效果。方法：选择86例延期妊娠（孕周≥41周）,孕妇,经阴道超声测宫颈长度,同时行宫颈Bishop评分,预以催产素＋人工破膜引产,比较两对分娩发动的预测价值。结果：引产成功共64例,宫颈长度＜3cm时,引产成功的敏感性为0．83特异性为0．82,而Bishop评分≥6分则分别是0．82和0．69,两种方法的预测值无显性差异。结论;经阴道超声测宫颈长对预测延期妊娠引产效果有一定意义,可作为指导引产的辅助手段。     

经阴道宫颈弹性超声对体外受精-胚胎移植术后双胎自发性早产的评估价值

目的 探讨经阴道宫颈弹性超声成像评估体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后双胎自发性早产的价值.资料与方法 选取IVF-ET术后双绒毛膜性双胎初产孕妇20例,其中7例分娩孕周<35周纳入早产组,13例分娩孕周>35周纳入对照组.采用经阴道超声宫颈组织弹性成像(E-Cervix模式4point测量法)同时获取并比较组间宫...     

经会阴部超声测量孕中、晚期宫颈长度对预测早产的应用分析

目的探讨孕中、晚期经会阴部超声测量宫颈长度对预测早产的临床价值。方法对194例表现有早产先兆的孕妇在孕中期(24~28周)和孕晚期(30~34周)采取经会阴部超声测量宫颈长度。结果在第一阶段(孕中期)测量的孕妇宫颈长度明显大于第二阶段(孕晚期),且差异具有统计学意义。在第一阶段(孕24~28周)194例孕妇中,足月分娩184例,占94.85%,早产10例,占5.15%。在第二阶段(孕30~34周)192例孕妇中,足月分娩184例,占95.83%,早产8例,占4.17%。在第一阶段和第一阶段,与宫颈长度≥30mm的孕妇相比较,宫颈长度25~29mm及25mm的孕妇发生早产的风险分别是≥30mm孕妇5.3倍、6.8倍和14.5倍、18.7倍。以宫颈长度30mm作为发生早产的预测值,在第一阶段(孕24~28周)的敏感度为20.00%,特异度为97.28%,准确度为93.30%;在第二阶段(孕30~34周)的敏感度为40.00%,特异度为93.65%,准确度为92.27%。结论孕晚期孕妇的宫颈长度较孕中期孕妇明显缩短,而宫颈长度越短发生早产的风险越大,孕晚期(孕30~34周)宫颈长度测量对早产预测有一定的价值。     

经阴道超声测量宫颈前角与宫颈长度预测宫颈环扎术后早产的对比研究

目的 利用经阴道超声测量宫颈长度(CL)及子宫宫颈前角(ACA),探讨ACA预测宫颈环扎术后早产的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析91例行经阴道宫颈环扎术后单胎妊娠孕妇,根据孕妇是否<28周分娩,将其分为研究组9例和对照组82例.在宫颈环扎术后经阴道超声获得的二维灰阶图像上测量CL和ACA.建立受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线...     

中孕引产前经阴道超声测量宫颈长度的研究

目的评价中孕引产时宫颈长度与引产时间的关系。方法 163例孕14～26周妇女,采用依沙吖啶与米非司酮联合使用终止妊娠,在引产前进行经阴道超声检查,观察孕妇年龄、孕周、孕产次、宫颈长度以及引产时间。结果孕14～26周宫颈长度平均为(37.02±4.06)mm,且随孕周增加而有缩短趋势(r=-0.359,P﹤0.01)。宫颈长度与引产发动时间、产程时间及引产总时间显著相关,r分别为0.215、0.211及0.270,P均<0.01,宫颈长度是唯一影响引产发动时间、产程时间及引产总时间的变量。分析结果分别为R2=0.046,P<0.01,R2=0.044,P<0.01,R2=0.073,P<0.01,引产所需时间与孕产次、孕妇年龄及孕周无关。按宫颈长度分组,各组间引产发动时间(P<0.01)、产程时间(P<0.05)及引产总时间(P<0.01)均有统计学差异。结论引产前经阴道超声测量宫颈长度对引产时间有一定预测作用。     

双胎妊娠胸脐连体畸形1例

1病例报告患者22岁。因妊娠29周,彩色多普勒超声检查发现双胎,胸脐连体畸形（共用一肝脏及心脏）2天入院。查体：宫高33cm,腹围88cm,子宫如孕36周大小,无压痛。患方拒绝行依沙吖啶羊膜腔内注射引产及阴道分娩,要求行剖宫术取胎终止妊娠。患者无手术禁忌证,择期行子宫下段剖宫取胎术,术中助娩双胎胸脐连体胎儿,术程顺利,患者术后痊愈出院。     

改善双胎妊娠母婴结局及减少并发症的方法

 目的 寻求改善双胎妊娠母婴结局及减少双胎妊娠并发症的方法。方法 回顾性分析258例双胎妊娠孕产妇及其围生儿的临床资料,比较早产儿并发症、不同分娩方式及双胎特有并发症对母婴结局的影响。结果 (1)分娩孕周不同,新生儿并发症(主要有极低出生体重儿、呼吸窘迫综合征、高胆红素血症、缺血缺氧性脑病、新生儿窒息)发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。(2)双胎妊娠剖宫产率93.57%,社会因素居于剖宫产原因的首位(22.75%);两种分娩方式产后出血发生率比较无统计学差异,自然分娩组新生儿窒息率(46.67%)明显高于剖宫产分娩组(10.20%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 早产是造成双胎新生儿发病的主要原因,积极防治早产对提高新生儿的生存质量及远期预后具有重要意义。鼓励双胎孕妇阴道分娩,降低社会因素的剖宫产率。双胎妊娠特有并发症会增高胎儿不良结局的发生率。     

经会阴超声测量宫颈长度预测早产的应用分析

目的:探讨经会阴超声测量宫颈长度评估宫颈功能不全,预测孕妇早产的价值,并比较经腹壁超声与经会阴超声测量宫颈长度方法的优缺点。方法:选择有先兆早产的孕妇56例,分别经腹壁超声与经会阴超声测量宫颈长度并观察宫颈内口,比较2种方法测量的宫颈情况,并追踪其妊娠结局。结果:56例孕妇中,54例宫颈长度均<3cm。随宫颈长度的缩短,发生早产的危险性增加。经会阴测量明显优于经腹壁测量,χ2=4.40,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:经会阴超声测量宫颈长度对先兆早产有一定的预测意义,并且操作简便,无创伤,可重复,准确性高,值得推广。     

超声测量子宫瘢痕前壁下段厚度与阴道分娩妊娠结局分析

目的探讨超声测量子宫瘢痕前壁下段厚度对阴道试产的影响。方法选取我院收入的80例瘢痕子宫孕妇作为观察对象,另择同期产检正常的20例健康经产妇作为正常对照组,超声检查后分析子宫瘢痕孕妇阴道试产影响。结果超声检查结果显示观察组孕妇子宫前壁下段厚度显著低于正常对照组孕妇(t=14.489,P0.05);且观察组孕妇阴道试产成功率为47.50%,显著低于正常对照组孕妇的80%(χ~2=9.370,P0.05)。阴道试产失败与成功组子宫瘢痕孕妇在孕周、上次生产时间、宫颈Bishop评分、子宫前壁下段厚度上比较差异显著(t=5.221、9.076、11.611、9.201,P0.05);且阴道试产失败Logistic分析结果显示,孕周、宫颈Bishop评分、子宫前壁下段厚度均为阴道试产失败的独立因素(P0.05)。母婴结局比较,不同厚度的子宫瘢痕孕妇在出血量、缩宫素使用、并发症发生率及新生儿体质量、新生儿Apgar评分上比较差异显著(F/χ~2=38.436、86.458、4.940、3.784、3.262,P0.05)。结论超声测量子宫瘢痕孕妇的子宫前壁下段厚度低于正常孕妇,且孕周、宫颈Bishop评分、子宫前壁下段厚度可作为阴道试产失败预测因子;而子宫瘢痕孕妇子宫前壁厚度越薄可能预示着更多的不良母婴结局。     

妊娠足月高龄初产妇的分娩方式及对妊娠结局的影响

 目的 探讨妊娠37周后高龄初产妇的分娩方式及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 采取回顾性研究的方法,选取2018年1－7月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妊娠37周后分娩的高龄初次分娩孕妇,收集孕妇年龄、孕次、不良孕产史、妊娠合并症及并发症、孕周、分娩方式、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息率等信息,并进行统计分析。结果 746例分娩中, 303例(40.62%)选择剖宫产终止妊娠,443例(59.38%)阴道试产。阴道试产中,75例(16.93%)中转剖宫产,368例(83.07%)经阴道分娩,其中38例(10.32%)产钳助产。阴道试产中,35~37岁和≥38岁年龄段,中转剖宫产率分别是17.24%和15.15%(P=0.870),产钳助产率分别是7.43％和15.15%(P=0.021)。择期剖宫产、阴道试产失败中转剖宫产、阴道分娩组中胎儿窘迫发生率分别为5.30%、40.00%和21.47%,P=0.000。结论 38岁以上的高龄初产妇阴道试产并不增高中转剖宫产的概率;阴道试产失败中转剖宫产的胎儿窘迫率虽然增高,但是新生儿窒息并未增加;由此可见,高龄初产妇经过产前充分评估,无阴道试产禁忌情况下,多数均能经阴道分娩。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.