颈前路椎间隙减压钢板结合钛网植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病

【目的】评价颈前路椎间隙减压钢板结合钛网植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。【方法】对32例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路椎间隙减压植骨钢板内固定术,对临床结果进行JOA评分,并观察植骨融合效果。【结果】32例病例均获随访,随访6~26个月,平均13.5个月,术后症状明显缓解和消失,JOA评分由术前7~10(平均8.6)分恢复至术后12~14(平均12.8)分;平均植骨融合时间12周,植骨融合率100%。【结论】颈前路椎间隙减压钢板结合钛网植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效确切,可显著提高植骨融合率,临床疗效满意。     

Vectra-T动态钢板治疗颈椎病的早期疗效研究

目的探讨使用颈椎前路Vectra-T动态钢板加钛网治疗颈椎病的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年6月~2012年10月在四川大学华西医院骨科收治的20例（44个节段）行颈椎前路椎体切除减压、钛网植骨、Vectra-T钢板内固定术的颈椎病患者。疗效考核采用JOA评分、颈椎曲度、椎体间植骨融合和钛网下沉情况等指标,统计分析采用SPSS 19.0软件。结果纳入的20例患者随访时间为12~30个月。统计分析结果显示：1所有患者JOA评分在术前为7.68±1.66分,术后为10.91±1.97分,末次随访时为12.74±1.27分,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2所有患者术后无钢板、螺钉断裂或松动现象发生;术后融合节段前曲度、颈椎整体前曲度较术前均有改善。44个融合节段中,43个节段6个月内融合,1个节段延迟至术后12个月时方融合。3术后3月融合节段钛网下沉平均为2.7±2.7 mm,术后6月钛网下沉为3.6±1.0 mm,术后12月钛网下沉为3.9±1.2 mm,末次随访时钛网下沉为4.0±1.2 mm。钛网下沉主要集中在术后6月内,6月后钛网下沉不再明显。结论应用Vectra-T动态钢板可有效改善颈椎矢状位的曲度,防止后凸畸形,降低植骨后相关并发症的发生,有效避免静态钢板造成的应力遮挡,促进颈椎椎体间的融合。但其远期疗效仍待大样本长期随访的随机对照研究进一步证实。     

钛网在颈椎前路重建中的应用

目的评价钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中的初步临床应用结果.方法 32例颈椎疾病患者行前路颈椎椎体次全切除,根据椎体病变不同分别以钛网载入所切椎体松质骨、同种异体脱钙骨或骨水泥进行颈椎前路重建手术,对临床结果进行疗效评定及影像学分析.结果 平均手术时间60( 40～80)min,平均手术出血80(50～120)ml,平均住院天数5(4～6)d,术后随访时间6～12月,所有病人颈部疼痛和神经症状术后均得到改善,术后影像学资料提示钢板及钛网位置良好,无内固定松动和脱出.无神经、血管并发症.结论 钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中,可达到安全、有效的即时稳定作用,并可避免取髂骨所带来的并发症,且住院时间短,有利于病人的早期下床活动和功能恢复.     

颈前路融合固定治疗不稳定Hangman骨折15例分析

目的探讨不稳定型Hangman骨折前路C2～3植骨融合结合内固定手术的疗效。方法15例不稳定型Hangman骨折（其中Ⅱ型9例、ⅡA型6例），行颈前路C2～3间盘切除，髂骨植骨融合，结合zephir前路锁定钢板内固定。结果术后随访平均10个月，颈部症状明显缓解，颈椎生理曲度维持良好，脊髓功能改善，植骨融合率100％，有2例椎弓骨折未愈合，无内固定松动及断裂现象。结论应用颈前路植骨融合内固定术治疗不稳定型Hangman骨折（Ⅱ型及ⅡA型）术后能获得即刻稳定；植骨融合率高，并维持颈椎生理前凸；对颈椎功能影响小。是目前治疗此类损伤较为理想的方法。     

颈椎前路减压钛网植骨融合术后内固定早期失败原因及预防

【目的】探讨颈椎前路减压钛网植骨融合术后内固定早期失败原因及预防。【方法】回顾性分析2004年12月至2010年12月本院诊治的15例行颈椎前路内固定术后早期失败患者资料,其中男性6例,女性9例,平均年龄64（50～75）岁。所有患者均行颈椎前路椎体次全切＋钛网植骨自锁钛板固定融合术,术后予以颈部外固定支具固定。【结果】4例颈椎病神经根型,8例颈椎病脊髓型,3例颈椎骨折。3例单节段椎体次全切,10例双节段椎体次全切,2例多节段椎体次全切。术中12例采用10mm直径钛网,3例采用12mm直径钛网。钛网下沉12例,钛板及螺钉松动4例。未按要求严格佩戴外固定支具5例。所有患者内固定失败时间均小于12周。【结论】颈椎前路钛网植骨融合术早期内固定失败可能与患者年龄、固定节段长短、钛网直径、病种等因素相关。     

钛笼植骨融合联合钢板内固定在颈前路融合术中的应用

目的 探讨颈前路椎体次全切除钛笼植骨融合联合锁定钢板内固定术的手术方法与临床疗效.方法 对24例颈椎骨折、脱位伴截瘫,无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤及颈椎病患者行椎体次全切除减压钛笼植骨融合联合锁定钢板内固定术.结果 所有患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月,平均13个月,其中1例患者术后1个月出现钛笼下沉(3个月后未见继续下沉),所有患者椎体间3～5个月全部获得融合,未见有钢板螺丝钉松动、断裂.术后所有患者神经功能评价Frankel分级较术前均有1～2个级别的提高.结论 虽然颈前路椎体次全切除钛笼植骨融合联合锁定钢板内固定术有钛网下沉、颈椎邻近椎体退变等并发症的可能,但只要术中正确仔细的操作,术后仍能获得较好的椎体融合和神经恢复,临床疗效满意,是目前颈前路融合术中一种有效的手术方法.     

颈椎前路钢板置入在脊髓型颈椎病术后脊柱生理曲度恢复中的作用：1年结局随访

背景:维持良好的颈椎曲度亦是改善脊髓型颈椎病患者神经症状的重要前提,已有研究证实骨科前路钢板内固定植入物置入对维持颈椎生理曲度具有良好的作用。目的:评价颈椎前路钢板植入物置入术后脊髓型颈椎病患者颈椎生理前凸的恢复情况。设计:观察实验。单位:南昌大学第一附属医院。对象:选择2003-02/2006-01在南昌大学第一附属医院骨科72例确诊为脊髓型颈椎病患者,男46例,女26例;年龄45～70岁,平均54岁;病史2～6年。纳入标准:①MRI显示颈脊髓受压。②均取自体髂骨植骨。实验经过医院伦理委员会批准许可,所有患者均对检测项目知情同意。所有颈椎前路钢板为枢法模公司生产提供的Orion锁定钢板。根据手术需要分为单节段椎间盘切除组(n=32)及两节段椎间盘切除组(n=40)。方法:①采用经前路减压 自体髂骨植骨 钛质钢板内固定置入法,患者取仰卧位,肩背部垫高,颈后仰,气管内插管全麻。取颈前右侧横行或斜型切口,在Caspar椎体牵开器辅助下行椎间盘切除减压,取自体3面皮质髂骨植入减压椎间隙,安装Orion带锁钛板,获即刻稳定,放置引流,缝合切口。②术后颈托保护下进行日常活动,8周后逐步去除颈托。③分别于手术前、术后即刻、术后6及12个月颈椎标准侧位X线片,以Cobb角测量融合节段的前凸,以D值评价颈椎的前凸,对数据进行统计分析。④术后12个月随访观察患者骨性融合情况。椎间融合标准为:融合节段间两棘突尖之间无异常活动,植骨块与上下椎体界面间无透亮带,其骨小梁通过植骨块与椎体界面。⑤随访中材料与宿主的生物相容性反应。主要观察指标:①患者手术前后不同时间点Cobb角、D值的变化。②随访骨性融合及排斥情况。结果:纳入患者72例均进入结果分析。①单节段椎间盘切除组及两节段椎间盘切除组患者术后即刻,术后6及12个月Cobb角及D值均高于手术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②两组术后12月随访结果表明所有患者植骨均获骨性融合。③钛钢板内固定植入物置入后未见明显排斥反应,提示材料和宿主之间有较好的生物相容性。结论:应用颈椎前路钢板植入物加自体骨置入治疗脊髓型颈椎病,恢复颈椎生理前凸效果满意。     

钛网在颈椎前路重建中的应用

目的评价钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中的初步临床应用结果。方法32例颈椎疾病患者行前路颈椎椎体次全切除 ,根据椎体病变不同分别以钛网载入所切椎体松质骨、同种异体脱钙骨或骨水泥进行颈椎前路重建手术 ,对临床结果进行疗效评定及影像学分析。结果平均手术时间 6 0 (4 0～ 80 )min ,平均手术出血 80 (5 0～ 12 0 )ml,平均住院天数 5(4～ 6 )d ,术后随访时间 6～ 12月 ,所有病人颈部疼痛和神经症状术后均得到改善 ,术后影像学资料提示钢板及钛网位置良好 ,无内固定松动和脱出。无神经、血管并发症。结论钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中 ,可达到安全、有效的即时稳定作用 ,并可避免取髂骨所带来的并发症 ,且住院时间短 ,有利于病人的早期下床活动和功能恢复。     

钛网在颈椎前路重建中的应用

目的：评价钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中的初步临床应用结果。方法：32例颈椎疾病患者行前路颈椎椎体次全切除。根据椎体病变不同分别以钛网载入所切椎体松质骨，同种异体脱钙骨或骨水泥进行颈椎前路重建手术，对临床结果平定及影像学分析。结果：平均手术时间60（40－80）min，平均手术出血80（50－120）ml，平均住院天数5（4－6）d,术后随访时间6－12月，所有病人颈部疼痛和神经症状术后均得到改善，术后影像学资源提示钢板及钢网位置良好，无内固定松动和脱出。无神经、血管并发症，结论：钛网在颈椎疾患前路重建中，可达到安全，有效的即时稳定作用，并可避免取髂骨所带来的并发症，且住院时间短，有利于病人的早期下床活动和功能恢复。     

前路病灶清除减压、植骨、内固定治疗颈椎结核

【目的】分析应用前路病灶清除减压、植骨、钢板内固定术治疗颈椎结核的临床疗效。【方法】总结1999年2月至2006年1月行前路病灶清除减压、植骨、钢板内固定术治疗的颈椎结核患者35例。随访8个月至4年,平均2.3年。【结果】采用前路病灶清除减压、自体髂骨植骨、带锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎结核35例,术后3-8个月X线复查均骨性融合。神经功能恢复评估按日本JOA评分：术前平均7.3分,术后平均13.6分,平均提高6.3分,手术后平均改善率67.74%。颈椎生理弯曲得以恢复,术后随访未见矫正角度的明显丢失,无钢板螺钉松动断裂并发症。【结论】颈椎结核在彻底清除病灶的前提下采用植骨钢板内固定是可行的,它能为颈椎提供稳定性,利于骨融合和早期康复,同时,恢复和保持颈椎生理曲度,有利于保持手术后疗效。早期手术治疗,能够促进脊髓功能的恢复,降低病残率的发生。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.