须毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌在体外对毛发的破坏作用

目的 光镜和电镜下观察须毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌对毛发破坏的程度,比较须毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌对不同年龄组毛发感染时间的差异。方法 临床采集不同年龄组的健康人毛发,分别对须毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌进行改良毛发穿孔试验及扫描电镜观察。结果 须毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌均可致毛发破坏。在各个年龄组中,须毛癣菌对毛发的感染时间明显短于犬小孢子菌(P<0.01)。无论是须毛癣菌还是犬小孢子菌,对毛发的感染时间均随着年龄的增长而延长(P<0.01)。结论 须毛癣菌较犬小孢子菌对毛发的破坏早且严重。年龄越小,毛发越易受破坏。     

犬小孢子菌毛发穿孔试验及扫描电镜观察

目的　光镜和电镜下观察犬小孢子菌对毛发破坏的程度 ,比较犬小孢子菌头癣株和体癣株对不同年龄组毛发感染时间的差异。方法　临床采集不同年龄组的健康人毛发 ,分别进行头癣株和体癣株的毛发穿孔试验及扫描电镜观察。结果　犬小孢子菌头癣株和体癣株均可致毛发破坏 ;在各个年龄组中 ,头癣株导致毛发感染的时间明显短于体癣株 (P <0 .0 1) ;无论是头癣株还是体癣株 ,感染毛发的感染时间均随着年龄的增长而延长 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　犬小孢子菌头癣株较体癣株对毛发的破坏早且严重 ;年龄越小 ,毛发越易受破坏。     

聚合酶链式反应快速检测白念珠菌

我们应用聚合酶链式瓜技术体外扩增编码白含珠菌细胞色素Ｐ４５０Ｌ１Ａ１的基因片段，在７小时内可以检测出５００μ１中含有３０个酵母菌的临床标本。对２２份临床标本（其中５份阴性，１７份阳性）同时进行的ＰＣＧ检测和真菌学鉴定：两者具有较满意的一致结果。这匀份阳性标本包括４份血标本，５份尿标本，６份痰标本及２份分泌物标本。另５份为阴性血标本。ＰＣＲ技术在白含珠菌感染乃至其它真菌感染的快速诊断方面显示了良好的     

婴儿头部念珠菌病的临床与实验室研究

报道３６例婴儿头部念珠菌病的临床与实验室研究结果。本病主要临床特点是：发病年龄均为婴幼儿。初诊时皮损绝大多数为结痂，仅２例呈小脓疱。局部应用抗真菌剂有效，愈后不遗留瘢痕。取菌痂作透射电镜检查可见菌丝和孢子。扫描电镜观察可见菌丝和孢子围绕毛发，毛干变细并有裂隙。应用白念珠菌作５个年龄组头发的体外感染试验，新生儿头发的毛小皮和皮质于１６～２０周被破坏。故我们认为念珠菌可侵犯毛干。     

地霉菌毛发穿孔试验研究及扫描电镜观察

目的 探讨地霉菌对毛发破坏的程度,比较林生地霉皮损株、林生地霉血液株和白地霉对不同年龄组毛发感染时间及程度的差异。方法 临床采集不同年龄组的健康人毛发,分别进行林生地霉皮损株、林生地霉血液株和白地霉的毛发穿孔试验及扫描电镜观察。结果 林生地霉皮损株、林生地霉血液株和白地霉均可致毛发破坏。在各个年龄组中,林生地霉血液株、林生地霉皮损株和白地霉的毛发穿孔时间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;且感染毛发的时间均随着年龄的增长而延长（P < 0.05）。对不同菌株间的差异进行SNK-q检验,发现在各年龄组中,林生地霉血液株、皮损株和白地霉的毛发穿孔时间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,林生地霉血液株毛发穿孔时间最短,而白地霉毛发穿孔时间最长,其中林生地霉血液株的毛发穿孔时间范围在53 ~ 64 d,平均为（58.07 ± 3.15） d;林生地霉皮损株的毛发穿孔时间范围在57 ~ 66 d,平均为（61.05 ± 2.55） d;白地霉的毛发穿孔时间范围在61 ~ 74 d,平均为（67.11 ± 3.78） d;对不同年龄组间的差异进行SNK-q检验,发现除 < 2岁组与2 ～ 13 岁组之间比较差异无统计学意义外（P ＞ 0.05）,其余各年龄组的两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。电镜显示,林生地霉和白地霉均能导致毛发破坏,且林生地霉较白地霉对毛发的破坏严重。结论 林生地霉较白地霉对毛发的破坏早且严重。年龄越小,毛发越易受破坏。     

头癣病发的电镜观察

本文报告由许兰氏黄癣菌、紫色癣菌和铁锈色小孢子菌感染引致3型头癣病发的电镜观察结果.扫描电镜显示毛发鳞片破坏,有不同大小和形态的孔洞和沟裂,以及毛干表面密集卵园形孢子.透射电镜显示许兰氏黄癣菌的真菌细胞位于毛髓质和毛皮质;紫色癣菌的真菌细胞位于毛皮质外层;而铁锈色小孢子菌的真菌细胞位于毛小皮内,后者不同于光学显微镜所见.因此,提示铁锈色小孢子菌的感染毛发可能属于发内一外感染.     

225 杀死的石膏样毛癣菌孢子和菌丝引起皮肤反应和激活补体能力的差异

石膏样毛癣菌在角质层或毛发中感染的临床表现是有区别的。角质层感染的特点是红斑和脱屑,菌丝明显,而毛发感染的特点是脓疱,以孢子居多,为了证实在角质层和毛发感染中该菌以何种形式为主,作者用杀死的石膏样毛癣菌孢子或菌丝接种于豚鼠皮肤,只有以前感染过该菌的豚鼠才会产生皮     

红色毛癣菌对动物毛发降解的实验研究

目的:研究红色毛癣菌对动物毛发的降解作用.方法:采用体外液体培养红色毛癣菌,加入数根小鼠或豚鼠毛发,以低浓度的酵母浸膏提供菌株生存所必需的营养,菌株生长所需的碳源和氮源由菌株分解动物毛发获得,培养2周后观察菌落的生长情况及动物毛发结构的改变,须癣毛癣菌作为阳性对照.结果:2周后,红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌在豚鼠和小鼠毛发上均能生长,菌落生长后,光镜下可见动物毛发正常结构破坏,横纹变模糊消失.结论:红色毛癣菌能在体外分解豚鼠或小鼠的毛发作为营养,维持菌落的生长.     

采用改良(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测法监测某部中心医院侵袭性毛孢子菌感染情况

目的分析不同标本、不同检测方法的灵敏性与特异性,评价某部中心医院特殊人群侵袭性毛孢子菌感染情况。方法 (1)筛选某部中心医院毛孢子菌感染高发部门可疑感染者,分段收集不同体液标本。(2)对比传统G试验与改良G试验检测(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖(BG)含量的敏感性与假阳性率差异。(3)巢式聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测标本中毛孢子菌特异性DNA片段。结果改良G试验的敏感性和准确度均较传统G试验提高(P0.05),假阳性和假阴性率均下降。入院1周时,采用改良G试验获得的血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液和尿液的阳性率高于入院2周时。入院1周时改良G试验在血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的敏感性高于巢式PCR,而巢式PCR的特异性优于前者,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论改良G试验与巢式PCR扩增法相结合,可以提高毛孢子菌感染的检出率、降低假阳性率,并缩短检出时间。     

院内深部念珠菌感染的菌种类型调查及危险因素分析

背景：近年来,随着广谱抗生素的应用及危重病人的增多,深部真菌日益成为医院内感染的主要病原菌之一。在深部真菌感染中含珠菌感染又占其中的大部分。为了更好的预防和治疗院内深部念珠菌感染,我们对本院该菌的感染进行了菌种类型调查和危险因素分析。目的：研究本院深部念珠菌感染的危险因素及菌种类型分布。方法：对北京医科大学第一医院从１９９８年６月至１９９９年１２月住院和急诊留观病人不同部位念珠菌培养阳性的临床标本进行致病菌种调查。同时从中选取了１５０例病人进行危险因素的评价。结果：（１）在我院１年半的时间内共有５９５份念球菌培养阳性的临床标本,其中白念珠菌为主要的病原菌,占７２．６％。以后依次为热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌;（２）在深部念珠菌感染中,８９．３％的患者长期应用广谱抗生素,２０％以上的患者存在应用激素治疗,     

Brittle hair in osteogenesis imperfecta: transmission and scanning electron microscopy and mycologic assay

The brittle hair fibres from a case of osteogenesis imperfecta were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Normal hair fibres are extremely difficult to infect with T. mentagrophytes. As a tentative assay for biochemical defects of hair fibres, experimental dermatophytic infection of the hair with T. mentagrophytes was performed. The massive growth induced suggested that the experimental fungal infection may indeed indicate a biochemical defect in the hairs from our case of osteogenesis imperfecta.     

Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs is associated with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

A role for cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been proposed in the development of skin cancer. Well-designed epidemiologic studies to demonstrate an association between HPV infection and skin cancer are extremely rare. To identify HPV infection as a potential risk factor, we investigated the association between the presence of HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs and a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A case-control study was designed consisting of 155 immunocompetent individuals with a history of squamous cell carcinoma and 371 controls without skin cancer. DNA extracted from plucked eyebrow hairs collected from the study population was analyzed with a cutaneous HPV subgroup polymerase chain reaction and newly designed HPV type specific polymerase chain reactions for HPV 2, 5, 8, 15, 16, 20, 24, and 38. HPV DNA was detected in 63.1% of the total study population. The presence of HPV DNA was associated with age (p=0.0002) and male sex (p=0.02), but not with sun exposure, skin type, and smoking. After adjustment for age and sex, the presence of HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs was associated with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1; 2.7). HPV type specific analysis revealed that no HPV type stood out. The high-risk mucosal type HPV 16 and the skin wart type HPV 2 were rarely found in this study (<0.2%). The positive association found between the presence of HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs and a history of squamous cell carcinoma warrants further research into the role that HPV infection plays in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.     

唑类药物体外诱导白念珠菌耐药的初步研究

目的：了解不同抑菌浓度的唑类药物体外诱导白念珠菌的耐药情况。方法：将质控株及敏感白念珠菌在含不同抑菌浓度的氟康唑(FCZ)、酮康唑(KCZ)、伊曲康唑(ICZ)的液体培养基中进行人工传代诱导耐药。结果：敏感白念珠菌在高浓度的唑类药物培养基中能诱导耐药，且为交叉耐药，而在低浓度中经传20代仍不能诱导耐药；诱导后的耐药菌株在无药物培养基中传代可恢复敏感性。结论：唑类药物能诱导耐药白念珠菌的产生，但与诱导药物的浓度有关，且为不稳定耐药。     

Physiology of the vellus hair follicle: hair growth and sebum excretion

The growth of vellus hair and the secretion of sebum from vellus hair follicles were measured on the forehead, cheek, chest, shoulder and back of healthy men and women aged 15-30 years. Hair growth was assessed by computerized image-analysis of photographs and sebum excretion by the use of Sebutape followed by image analysis. The density of vellus hairs and the percentage of growing hairs were higher on the face than on the thorax (439 hairs/cm2 with 49% growing hairs on the forehead compared with 85 hairs/cm2 with 31.5% growing hairs on the back). The rate of growth ranged from 0.03 mm/day on the forehead to 0.13 mm/day on the back. The maximum length of vellus hair significantly decreased with age; otherwise hair growth was not affected by age or sex. Some variations in hair growth and sebum secretion were observed over a period of 3 months, but no consistent rhythms were detected. There was no obvious link between vellus hair growth and sebum excretion.     

Vaginal candidosis: relation between yeast counts and symptoms and clinical signs in non-pregnant women.

Of 277 non-pregnant women, 67 (24%) harboured Candida albicans in the genital tract. Of 56 women yielding C albicans who had no other infection diagnosed, 14 were symptomless and 10 had no clinical signs of vulval redness, vaginitis, or discharge. Symptoms and signs tended to be more severe in women with higher yeast counts. Of 22 women with moderate or severe symptoms (pruritus with or without discharge) and signs, 15 had yeast counts of more than 10(3) colony forming units (cfu)/ml, whereas six of nine women with no symptoms or signs had counts of fewer than 10(3) cfu/ml.     

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of trichothiodystrophy-variant hair are maintained after grafting of scalp specimens on to nude mice

Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a hair defect associated with abnormal composition of the high-sulphur proteins (HSP). HSP can be modified quantitatively (reduced amount of qualitatively normal HSP: TTD-variant) and qualitatively (TTD). In this study we show that the amino acid composition of hairs collected from the scalp of a patient with TTD-variant (donor) was preserved in hairs produced by donor scalp follicles maintained up to 6 months as grafts on to nude mice. It is the first time that an exceptionally rare, clinically and biochemically well-characterized hair dysplasia has been maintained under laboratory conditions for a long period of time. The linear growth rate of TTD-variant hairs was similar to that of control hairs grown under comparable conditions. The persistence of disease-specific abnormalities in the hair shaft indicates that the TTD-variant mutation is expressed without significant quantitative modifications, and appears independent of systemic host-related factors. This model may serve as a clinically relevant working platform for evaluating regulation of abnormal gene expression in the hair follicle under well-controlled experimental conditions.