胆管癌栓脱落致急性胰腺炎ERCP治疗:1例报道并文献复习

原发性肝癌可继发多种并发症,其中胆管癌栓(BDTT)临床上较少见,其脱落导致急性胰腺炎更是罕见。因此,通过报道该例患者的诊治经过,阐述内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP)对于原发性肝癌合并BDTT致急性胰腺炎患者的早期诊治具有重要价值,从而有助于延长患者生存期及改善生活质量。     

原发性肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的外科治疗

目的:探讨原发性肝癌(PHC)合并胆管癌栓的外科治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院PHC合并胆管癌栓38例。均接受手术治疗。并比较外科手术治疗效果。单纯胆管癌栓清除 T管引流18例,肝癌切除 胆管癌栓清除 T管引流20例,其中左半肝切除10例(4例附加行肝门汇合部胆管切除及右肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合),右半肝切除 左肝管空肠吻合1例,右半肝切除2例,右肝癌肿切除 汇合部胆管切除 胆管空肠吻合2例,右肝不规则切除5例。结果:手术死亡3例,1、2、3年生存率分别为55.3％(21例)、21.1％(8例)、10.5％(4例)。单纯胆管癌栓清除患者平均存活7个月,肝癌切除患者平均存活1年8个月,最长已存活5年3个月。结论:肝癌切除 胆管癌栓清除 胆道引流术是本病最为理想的术式。胆管癌栓清除后应尽可能切除原发病灶。对术前黄疸重,肝功能失代偿,难以承受较大手术的患者,可分期手术,先癌栓清除,解除胆道梗阻,肝动脉插管栓塞化疗,争取二期肿瘤切除。单纯行胆管癌栓清除,无法根治切除,是胆管癌栓复发的根源。对于胆管癌栓术后复发,选取适当的病例再次手术,仍能取得较好的远期疗效。     

原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓诊治进展

原发性肝癌患者出现黄疸时 ,多为肿瘤晚期 ,不宜手术治疗。但由于胆管内癌栓形成而造成阻塞性黄疸的肝癌是一种特殊类型的肝癌 ,近年来对此类型肝癌多主张采取包括手术在内的综合疗法。现将其诊治进展情况介绍如下。1　原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓的发生机制一般认为 ,原发性肝癌通过以下途径形成胆管癌栓 :1癌细胞直接侵入薄壁的肝内胆管 ;2癌细胞通过静脉或淋巴管逆行侵入胆管壁 ;3癌细胞沿着神经鞘的间隙侵入胆管壁 ;4门静脉癌栓侵犯邻近胆管。侵入胆管的癌细胞向下持续生长 ,即造成胆管阻塞而引起黄疸 [1 ] 。2　原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓的分…     

逆行胰胆管造影治疗80岁以上老年人胆胰疾病的临床观察

目的 评价治疗性逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对80岁以上老年患者胆胰疾病的疗效及安全性. 方法 回顾分析我院自2004年1月至2008年4月诊治的80岁以上行ERCP治疗的老年患者120例,同时观察其并发症. 结果 120例患者,造影成功117例(成功率97.5%),其中胆管癌22例,十二指肠乳头癌3例,胰腺癌8例,急性胆源性胰腺炎15例,慢性胰腺炎5例,急性化脓性胆管炎9例,胆总管结石58例.在ERCP过程中因血氧饱和度进行性下降和严重的心律失常而中止治疗2例;插镜失败1例,失败原因系肿瘤侵犯导致十二指肠球降部狭窄,镜身不能通过.胆道出血3例,急性胰腺炎2例. 结论 治疗性ERCP对80岁以上老年人胆胰疾病的诊治创伤小,且有效及安全,高龄并非治疗性ERCP的禁忌证.     

肝门部胆管癌Bismuth分型与经内镜胆道塑料支架引流术后并发症及退黄效果之间的关系

目的:评估肝门部胆管癌Bismuth分型与经内镜胆道塑料支架引流术(ERBD)术后并发症及退黄效果之间的关系.方法:收集已确诊为肝门部胆管癌、且不能或不愿接受外科治疗的,在南昌大学第二附属医院消化科行ERBD的患者.分析各型肝门部胆管癌之间在行ERBD术后胆管炎、胰腺炎、出血发生率以及退黄效果的差异.结果:Bismut...     

代谢综合征患者行ERCP胆道取石并发症的分析

目的 探讨代谢综合征患者行ERCP胆道取石治疗的并发症发生情况.方法 回顾性分析2008年10月～2009年10月我院行ERCP胆道取石治疗胆总管结石伴代谢综合征25例(A组)和不伴代谢综合征192例(B组)的患者临床资料,比较两组患者在年龄、住院天数以及术后发生高淀粉酶血症、上消化道出血、急性胆管炎和胰腺炎的情况.结果 A组患者与B组相比,在年龄方面没有差异,而住院天数显著延长,高淀粉酶血症、上消化道出血、急性胆管炎和胰腺炎的发生率增加.结论 代谢综合征患者行ERCP胆道取石治疗较一般患者风险大、并发症多.因此,术前充分准备、术后密切观察及时采取治疗措施非常重要.     

以胆管癌栓并阻黄为惟一表现的原发性肝癌的诊断及治疗(附2例报告)

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓、阻塞性黄疸(阻黄)已引起临床医师的重视，其临床表现及外科治疗手段也已被进行了深入探讨。但以胆管癌栓合并阻黄为惟一临床表现的原发性肝癌，因术前影像学检查或手术中探查未发现肝脏原发病灶，且临床较为少见，极易误诊为胆管癌并阻黄，从而延误病情，造成     

《2016年欧洲胆管癌研究网络共识:胆管细胞癌研究现状及前景展望》摘译

胆管细胞癌(eholangiocarcinoma,CCA)是一种异质性强的恶性肿瘤,其发生位置遍布于毛细胆管到胆总管,可起源于胆道系统的任何部位.根据解剖部位,胆管癌可分为肝内胆管癌(iCCA)、肝门部胆管癌(pCCA)、远端胆管癌(dCCA),它们有特殊的相似之处,但也有肿瘤间和肿瘤内部的差异,这些差异会影响肿瘤的病理机制和预后.总体来看,CCA是原发性肝癌中发病率占据第二的肿瘤,占所有消化系肿瘤约3％.     

急性胰腺炎的护理体会

急性胰腺炎是一种常见的急腹症，是由胰腺消化酶对胰腺自身消化引起的化学性炎症，在病理变化上分为急性水肿型和急性出血坏死型。急性胰腺炎的50％由胆石症、胆道炎症和胆道蛔虫所引起。它有发病急、进展快、并发症多等特点，15％～20％的患者可发展为重症急性胰腺炎，     

肝细胞肝癌伴胆管癌栓的外科处理10例分析

目的探讨肝细胞肝癌(HCC)伴胆管癌栓的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性总结和分析10例肝细胞肝癌伴胆管癌栓的临床资料。结果 6例行原发灶根治性切除术加胆管癌栓取出术,术后平均中位生存时间为2.5年;4例单纯行胆管切开取栓术,术后生存时间均6个月。结论原发灶根治性切除术加胆管癌栓取出术是治疗肝细胞肝癌伴胆管癌栓的有效方法,可延长患者生存时间。     

Tuberculosis of the bile duct: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice.

Tuberculosis of the bile duct is extremely rare. Patients with this condition usually present with a protracted illness and obstructive jaundice, which may be confused with hepatobiliary malignancies. A retrospective review of hospital records of patients who presented with tuberculosis of the bile duct between January 1986 and December 1996 was undertaken, and data were obtained concerning clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and follow-up. Four patients (one man and three women) with a mean age of 44.8 years had tuberculosis of the bile duct. Diagnostic imaging techniques showed bile duct dilation in all four patients. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a stricture in the proximal common bile duct (CBD) in one patient, a stricture in the distal CBD in one patient, a stricture in the common hepatic duct (CHD) in one patient, and multiple strictures in the CHD and left intrahepatic duct in one patient. Bile cytology and fine-needle aspiration identified correctly the diagnosis in each patient. Two patients underwent laparotomy with the initial suspicion of cholangiocarcinoma; the correct diagnosis was made based on frozen sections taken intraoperatively. One patient was treated with endoscopic stenting and three patients underwent laparotomy for bile duct obstruction. All patients received antituberculous therapy. There were no deaths; all patients remained healthy at a mean follow-up of 36.5 months. It is important to obtain a tissue diagnosis in all patients with obstructive jaundice to avoid missing this rare but curable disease. The treatment of tuberculosis of the bile duct involves relief of the bile duct obstruction and antituberculous therapy.     

A Large Retroperitoneal Encapsulation of Bile from a Spontaneous Perforation of the Common Bile Duct

We report a patient with spontaneous rupture of the common bile duct. This is an extremely rare condition which produces free leakage of bile into the peritoneal cavity. There has been no previous report concerning the formation of a large retroperitoneal encapsulation of bile. The preoperative diagnosis in our patient was very difficult and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography and cystography by ultrasound guidance were helpful.     

Preduodenal position of the common bile duct associated with annular pancreas: case report and literature review

A preduodenal position of the common bile duct (PDCBD) is a very rare embryological anomaly. Our patient, a 1-day-old boy, was diagnosed to have PDCBD, annular pancreas, duodenal stenosis, intestinal malrotation and a ventricular septal defect associated with 21 trisomy. Initially the fetal diagnosis was duodenal atresia. The diagnosis of duodenal stenosis was made on birth, and he underwent an emergency operation 24 hours later. The PDCBD was discovered during the duodenoduodenostomy procedure. While a transversal incision was being made for the ventral wall in the distended proximal duodenum, the common bile duct was accidentally cut. We found the common bile duct to run into the ventral side of the duodenal wall. Subsequently, the common bile duct was repaired with a stent using microscopic techniques. The case is being reported because of the rarity of this condition and also to stress the importance of accurately recognizing this anomaly when treating the concomitant diseases, particularly when surgical implications are involved.     

Bile duct hamartomas--the von Meyenburg complex

Hamartomas of the bile duct (von Meyenburg complex) are benign neoplasms of the liver, constituted histologically cystic dilatations of the bile duct, encompassed by fibrous stroma. We report a 42-year-old female patient with symptomatic cholecystitis, whose gross and ultrasonic appearance suggestive of multiple liver metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging and liver biopsy are the gold standards for diagnosis of this rare hepatobiliary condition.     

Bile duct hamartomas-the von Meyenburg complex

IntroductionA 42-year-old female patient with symptomatic cholelithiasis presented clinically with dyspepsia. The results of preoperative clinical and laboratory tests were normal. No co-morbidities were observed. Abdominal ultrasonography did not display any alterations in the hepatic parenchyma, but a gallbladder full of calculi and slight thickening of the gallbladder wall, characteristic of acute cholecystitis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated gastro- esophageal reflux diseas…     

Diagnosis and surgical treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in bile duct： Experience of 34 patients

AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombosis (BDT) is a rare event. The prognosis of this type of patients is very dismal. The aim of this study was to share the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC with BDT, to further improve the prognosis of these patients.METHODS: Thirty-four patients of HCC with BDT received surgical treatment in authors‘ institute from July 1987 to January 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The experience in the diagnosis and treatment, and the outcome of this type of HCC patients were summarized.RESULTS: Thirty of the 34 patients (88.2%) were positive for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (>20 μg/L), and 12 patients (35.3%) were found having obstructive jaundice before operation, 18 cases were suspected of “obstruction of bile duct“ preoperatively. The primary tumors were frequently located at the left medial (13 cases) or right anterior lobe(14 cases). Thirty-one patients received liver resections and removal of BDT, while the other 3 patients received removal of BDT combined with hepatic artery ligation and cannulation(HAL+HAI), or only removal of BDT because their liver function reservation and general condition could not tolerate the primary tumor resection. The 1-year survival rate was 71.4%(20/28). The longest disease-free survival was over 15 years. The intrahepatic tumor recurrence within 1 year after operation was found in 14 patients (14/28, 50.0%).CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of primary tumors and BDT is safe and beneficial to the HCC patients with BDT. Early detection, diagnosis, and surgical treatment are the key points to prolong the survival time of patients.     

Novel endoscopic management for pancreatic pseudocyst with fistula to the common bile duct

Pancreatic pseudocyst formation is a well-known complication of pancreatitis. It represents about 75% of the cystic lesions of the pancreas and might be located within or surrounding the pancreatic tissue. Sixty percent of the occurrences resolve spontaneously and only persistent, symptomatic or complicated cysts need to be treated. Complications include infection, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, splenic infarction and rupture. The formation of fistulas to other viscera is rare and most commonly occurs within the stomach, duodenum or colon. We report a case of a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst in communication with the common bile duct. There have been only few cases reported in the literature. We successfully managed our case by performing an endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of the pancreatic collection and a contemporaneous stenting of the common bile duct. Performed independently, both drainages are effective, safe and well-coded and the expertise on these procedures is widespread. By our knowledge this therapeutic approach was never reported in literature but we retain this is the most correct treatment for this very rare condition.     

Limy bile syndrome complicated with primary hyperparathyroidism

Limy bile is a rare condition characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate in the gallbladder. Cases of complicated hyperparathyroidism are extremely rare. There is only one reported case, where serum and urine calcium levels were high. On the other hand, the presence of limy bile in the common bile duct is also very rare, and has been reported in only 20 cases. We report a patient with obstructive jaundice in whom the initial abdominal radiography showed limy bile in the gallbladder and common bile duct, and laboratory values showed a high serum calcium level and highly sensitive PTH (HS-PTH) level.     

The role of ERCP in diagnosis and management of accessory bile duct leaks after cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays an important role in the management of bile leaks after cholecystectomy. Although most leaks occur from the cystic duct stump, clinically significant leakage from accessory bile ducts is less common and has not been investigated systematically. We report our experience with endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of accessory bile duct leaks after cholecystectomy. METHODS: Patients with accessory bile duct leaks were identified from a computerized database. Hospital charts and cholangiograms were reviewed to determine the outcome of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: Of 86 patients with postcholecystectomy leaks, 15 (17%) were diagnosed with accessory bile duct leaks. ERCP established the diagnosis of accessory bile duct leaks in 11 of 15 patients (73%); percutaneous fistulography (2) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (2) were diagnostic in 4 patients. Endoscopic therapy led to resolution of the leak in 12 patients. One patient underwent successful percutaneous biliary drainage, and two patients required surgical repair. CONCLUSIONS: Accessory bile ducts are rare sites of significant bile leakage after cholecystectomy. ERCP identifies the leak in the majority of patients; percutaneous fistulography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography may help clarify the diagnosis if ERCP is nondiagnostic. Most patients can be successfully treated with endoscopic stenting. If endoscopic therapy fails, percutaneous drainage or surgical repair needs to be considered.     

Neuromas of the extrahepatic bile ducts as a cause of obstructive jaundice

We present four cases of extrahepatic bile duct neuromas causing obstructive jaundice. Two patients with neuromas localized in the hepatic duct had no evidence of gallstones or history of previous surgery. In these subjects, partial resection of the common bile duct and cholecystectomy was followed by hepatico-jejunostomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. In another patient, 7 years after cholecystectomy, a neuroma localized in the hepatic duct was treated by insertion of a T-tube. In the fourth patient, 9 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, partial common bile duct resection and Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was performed. In all cases, the correct diagnosis of this very rare cause of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction was established postoperatively.