Needs of families with a relative in a critical care unit in Hong Kong

The aim of this study is to explore family members' perceptions of their immediate needs following admission of a relative to a critical care unit in Hong Kong. A convenience sample of 30 family members was drawn from those available during the first 96 hours of hospitalization of their relative. Self-reported questionnaires, consisting of a demographic data sheet, a modified Chinese version of the 45-item Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and semistructured interviews, are the instruments used to examine family members' perceptions of need importance and to ascertain whether or not these needs are met. Doctors and nurses are identified as the most suitable people to meet most immediate family needs. Conclusions are drawn as to the best focus of nursing interventions in order to provide quality care to patients and families.     

A description of healthcare providers' perceptions of the needs of significant others in intensive care units in Norway and Sweden.

Healthcare providers (registered nurses, physicians and enrolled nurses) at intensive care units (ICU) in Norway and Sweden participated in a survey, the purpose of which was to investigate their perceptions of the needs of critically ill adult patients' significant others based on the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI). Four categories were revealed through qualitative content analysis of handwritten responses to the open ended item. 'The need to feel trust in the healthcare providers' ability' and 'the need for ICU and other hospital resources' had the highest response frequency and, together with the category 'the need to be prepared for the consequences of critical illness', confirmed factors revealed in previous statistical analysis that employed this structured tool. The fourth category concerned 'patients' needs and reactions in relation to significant others'. In conclusion, needs not previously explored when examining the CCFNI, but perceived by healthcare providers to be important to significant others in ICUs, were revealed by means of quantitative and qualitative analyses employing the instrument. These findings can contribute to the development of interventions that could be tested to evaluate whether they improve the ICU experiences of patients and their significant others.     

急诊危重患者家属病情保证需求和护士对其认知的研究

目的 了解急诊危重患者家属对病情保证(AS)的需求,以及护士对家属需求的认知.方法 采用危重患者家属需求量表(CCFNI)对100例急诊抢救间/急诊监护室(EICU)的患者家属和100名急诊科护士进行涮查.结果 在7个条目中,家属组对AS的需求与护士组对其认知有4个条目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),如实回答家属问题、家属能知道病情变化的具体情况、让家属能感到病情有望好转等3个条目差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 急诊科护理人员对危重患者家属的需求大部分都能满足,但仍有需要进一步改善、提高的问题.     

重症监护室患者家属需求调查分析

目的研究重症监护室（ICU）患者家属需求。方法采用重危患者家属需求量表（CCFIN）调查80名ICU患者家属需求情况。结果家属需求排名前10的条目中有6条是对患者病情的保证;不同教育程度、ICU经历、医疗费用支付方式对家属需求的侧重有一定影响;有ICU经历的家属对于获取信息和病情保证的需求比无ICU经历家属的需求强烈（P〈0.01）;自费患者家属对自身的舒适需求高于公费和医保患者家属（P〈0.01）。结论 ICU患者家属存在不同程度的需求,ICU护士应加强与患者家属的沟通,建立合作、信任的交流渠道,采取人性化管理,最大程度地满足患者家属的需求,提高护理质量。     

基于EICU患者家属心理需求的护患认知差异分析

目的了解EICU患者家属需求的期望值及护士对EICU患者家属需求的满足现状及认知差异。方法应用急危重患者家属需求量表(CCFNI)对42名EICU患者家属及72名护士进行心理需求调查,内容包括获得支持领域、获取信息领域、病情保证领域、接近患者领域和自身舒适领域。结果护士在信息、接近、舒适及保证因子评分低于患者家属的评分,有显著性差异(P<0.01);家属最重要的需求是保证需求。结论 EICU护士对患者家属一些需求重视不足。及时与患者家属进行沟通,理解和重视患者家属的心理需求,可以减轻EICU患者家属的负性心理,减少医患纠纷。     

ICU患者家属不同阶段需求及满足程度的调查

目的了解ICU患者家属不同阶段的需求状况及满足程度。方法选取符合入选标准的27名ICU患者家属,分别在患者入住24h内及72h后采用急危重患者家属需求量表及需求满足程度量表进行调查。结果在家属需求中,病情保证为家属最重要的需求,24h内与72h后比较差异无统计学意义;而获得支持及自身舒适方面72h后明显高于24h内,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;72h后需求满足程度高于24h内,在获取信息方面明显高于24h内,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论不同阶段患者家属的需求及满足程度不同,ICU医护人员应充分重视患者家属的各种需求,提升其满足程度。     

ICU病人亲属家庭需要的调查研究

应用Molter“急危重病人家庭需要量表”对 5 0例ICU病人亲属进行调查 ,以了解当病人在ICU接受监护时 ,其亲属对病人家庭需要的认识。结果显示ICU病人亲属认为能够保证病人的安全 ,了解病人的治疗与预后 ,了解病人护理的需要最重要 ,而与病人亲属身心相关的需求重要性得分则较低。某些需要在男女病人亲属之间存在显著性差异 ,部分需要与病人亲属的年龄、教育水平和家庭收入分别有显著相关。提示ICU护士必须正确认识病人家庭需要 ,并根据病人亲属的性别、年龄、教育水平和家庭收入等因素满足病人家庭需要 ,以帮助病人家庭应对病人病重时的危机状态 ,维持病人及亲属的身心健康     

Family-centered care of the critically III neurologic patient

To determine the immediate needs of families of neurological/neurosurgical patients during the critical care period, family members were interviewed, using a 45 needs statement inventory and an open-ended questionnaire. Each participant addressed all the needs statements and 70% answered the open-ended questions. The participants ranked "to be assured that the best care is being given to the patient" as their number one need. Sixty percent of the participants ranked the physician as the most likely person to meet their needs. When compared, no significant difference was found between the families of neurological/neurosurgical and cardiac/MI patients. Although ranked slightly differently, 13 of the top 15 needs for both groups were the same. The two top needs were ranked in reverse order, "to be assured that the best possible care is being given to the patient," and "to have questions answered honestly," respectively. Nurses caring for the neurological/neurosurgical patients need to be aware that, for the most part, the top needs for families of this group have centered around communication, honesty, and reassurance. Participants do not want to hear false hopes. The family perceived the nurses as giving information regarding transfer and day-to-day occurrences with the patient care.     

Needs and anxiety levels in relatives of intensive care unit patients

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived needs and anxiety levels of adult family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The study was conducted over a 3-month period, on a convenience sample of 166 subjects selected from the total adult population of family members visiting an ICU patient in three Sudbury hospitals. Data were gathered using a self-report questionnaire, the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Interviews were conducted in French or English according to the subject's preference. The major variables examined were: family needs; state and trait anxiety; on-site sources of worry; spiritual needs; level of knowledge of ICU from past experience or pre-surgery education; sociodemographic data. The Situational Anxiety Scale yielded a mean score of 45.24 and the Trait Anxiety Scale a mean score of 37.3. Inferential statistics demonstrated that family needs and situational anxiety were significantly related (P less than 0.0002). Furthermore, worries, trait anxiety, age and family needs explained 38% of the variation of situational anxiety. As well, spiritual needs and situational anxiety explained 33% of the variation of family needs.     

急诊重症监护室患者家属需求的调查分析

目的调查急诊重症监护室(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)患者家属需求情况。方法选取符合入选标准(患者入住EICU>24h,其家属年满18周岁;无智力或精神问题;其在患者的照顾中起重要作用,与患者关系亲密)的家属43名,在患者入院24h后采用危重患者家属需求量表(critical care family needs inventory,CCFNI)进行调查。结果信息获得的需求最为重要,非常重要项占72.40%;其次是病情保证因子,非常重要项占69.80%;最被家属忽略的是自身舒适因子,非常重要项仅占32.60%;不同文化程度和年龄对信息获得因子及病情保证因子的需求不同,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 EICU医护人员应关注家属需求,特别是高文化水平、50岁以下成年家属信息获得和病情保证的需求,重视告知和沟通技巧,减少医患纠纷。     

ICU患者家属需求调查分析

目的了解重症监护病房(ICU)患者家属的需求状况,为维持ICU患者家属的身心健康提供依据。方法应用中文版CCFNI量表,对2所三级甲等综合医院ICU收治的70例患者家属进行问卷调查。结果 ICU患者家属需求的重要性程度由高至低依次为病情保证、获取信息、亲近患者的需求、医护人员支持、家属自身的舒适。除了婚姻状况,患者家属的一般情况与家属需求无显著性差异。结论护士应了解患者家属的需求,以达到满足患者家属需求的目的 。     

Professional nursing support for culturally diverse family members of critically ill adults

Family members' perceptions of professional support expected of critical care nurses were examined for differences related to cultural affiliation using the "Professional Support Questionnaire for Critical Care Nurses Working with Family Members" (PSQ). The PSQ was administered face-to-face to family members waiting to visit a critically ill relative admitted to the intensive care unit. ANOVA and post hoc tests were computed to compare 90 family members' expectations for professional nursing support during a relative's critical illness across three cultural groups-African American, Hispanic, and White. There were significant differences in family members' responses on certain PSQ items across cultural groups. Despite these differences, family members' expectations of professional support from critical care nurses were generally universal-suggesting equitable care, dignity, and respect should be universal values. There is a need for critical care nurses to develop interventions that respect some cultural uniqueness as well as address the universal needs of family members coping with the ICU admission of a critically ill family member.     

ICU患者家属需求及满足程度的调查

目的调查ICU患者家属需求的重要程度及满足程度,并探讨两者之间的关系及单个家属需求满足程度的量化判断方法。方法80名神经内科ICU患者家属于患者进入ICU 24~36 h后接受危重患者家属需求量表(critical care family needs inventory,CCFNI)及需求满足程度量表(NMI)的调查。结果ICU患者家属需求的重要程度和满足程度由高到低依次为病情保证(92.3%和84.8%)、获取信息(91.3%和70.5%)、接近患者(86.1%和63.8%)、获得支持(65.3%和43.9%)和自身舒适(44.8%和41.3%)。80名家属中,有10%其需求满足程度较低,56%满足程度中等,34%满足程度较高。结论ICU患者家属需求的重要程度及其满足程度基本一致,均为病情保证最高,获取信息和接近患者次之,获得支持和自身舒适最低;单个ICU患者家属需求满足程度的量化判断仍需进一步探讨和临床验证。家属的需求不同所采用的护理措施不同,应对每位家属施行个体化护理。     

Needs of family members of intensive care unit patients.

To identify important needs of families of critically ill patients, and the degree to which these needs were being met, 64 family members and 58 nurses were asked to complete a modified version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (Molter & Leske, 1983). Family members and nurses identified many similar important needs, such as the need to have questions answered honestly, the need to be called at home about changes in the patient's condition, and the need to know why things were done for the patient. However, family members indicated that some needs were both more important and less satisfactorily met than the nurses perceived: the need to know the occupational identity of staff members, directions as to what to do at the patient's bedside, and having friends for support.     

ICU病人家属对限制陪护的心理反应及护理对策

目的 探讨病人在ICU接受监护期间，其家属对ICU限制陪护的心理反应及相关原因。方法 参考国外危急重病人家属需要量表，对本市两家三级甲等医院100名ICU病人家属进行调查。结果 病人家属对探视制度的看法与健康教育，病情转归，医护质量有关。结论 ICU护士必须重视健康教育，充分认识病人家属的需要，及时提供各种反馈信息，帮助家属应对其危机状态，同时，要求医院设定相关配套服务措施，维护病人家属的身心健康。     

The needs of the family of critically ill neurosurgical patients: a comparison of nurses' and family members' perceptions.

In this study, researchers identified the important needs of family members of critically ill neurosurgical patients and explored the relationship between needs and unmet needs as perceived by nurses and family members. A total of 52 family members and 36 nurses in three neurosurgical special care units in Hong Kong were asked to complete the Chinese version of the 45-item Critical Care Family Needs Inventory. The rank order of most important needs reported by family members indicates that the majority of needs are related to assurance; needs for support and comfort were much less important. When rating needs, nurses underrated most of the needs considered important by family members. Needs for proximity were also underrated in importance by nurses when compared to family ratings, and needs for support were heavily overrated by nurses. The needs for proximity were least met. An inverse relationship between nurses' ratings of importance and the frequency of unmet needs was demonstrated. The most important need that was also largely unmet was having a specific person call when unable to visit. The findings of this study indicate areas of unmet need that require additional nursing interventions.