Xerotolerant foliar endophytic fungi of Populus euphratica from the Tarim River basin, Central China are conspecific to endophytic ITS phylotypes of Populus tremula from temperate Europe

Fungal research on non-lichenized taxa in xeric and other unusual habitats for fungi is comparatively scarce but constantly reveal an enormous ecological and functional adaptiveness of these organisms to extremes. This holds true in the topmost forest canopies as well as in marine, arctic, antarctic or desert habitats. In the present study dried leaves of Populus euphratica from a continental desert area in Central China were investigated for endophytic fungi 6?weeks after sampling by cultivation of small leaf fragments. Thirty-five species, many of them well-known from extreme environments, were delimitated from as few as 58 isolates by a combined analysis of morphotypes, micromorphology and ITS sequences. Meta-analyses revealed pronounced conspecificity to endophytes from Populus tremula leaves, but significant differences to foliar endophytic assemblages in Pinus monticola and Fagus sylvatica. The deduced high similarity of endophytic communities on both Populus species compared with that on Pinus and Fagus suggests that many fungal phyllosphere species show a well-pronounced host preference, at least for their endophytic stages. In addition, it demonstrates that leaving leaves as a microhabitat might provide similar conditions such as constantly high relative humidity, regardless of the surrounding climatic conditions. The evolution of extremotolerance might be of particular importance for retaining competitiveness of foliar endophytes in deciduous host trees after loss of pathogenicity.     

An emerging equine parvovirus circulates in thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang,China, 2018

In 2015, a novel equine parvovirus, equine parvovirus‐cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV‐CSF), was identified from cerebrospinal fluid of a horse with neurological signs and lymphocytosis in USA. In our study, an EqPV‐CSF‐like virus was detected from 15 serum samples of 65 imported thoroughbred horses during custom quarantine in north Xinjiang province, China. Further field investigation in several major horse‐producing areas in Xinjiang using specific PCR showed that this virus was detected mainly in thoroughbred horses (39/154 positive) previously imported, not in local breeds (0/127 positive). Phylogenetic analysis based on NS1 gene showed the virus was grouped together with EqPV‐CSF in genus Copiparvovirus. The study presents valuable information showing that EqPV‐CSF‐like virus was likely exotic and introduced into Xinjiang through international trade of horses.     

Diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Wild and Domestic Animals in Xinjiang,China, 2013–2016

Peste des petits ruminants viruses (PPRVs) re‐emerged in China at the end of 2013 and then spread rapidly into 22 provinces through movement of live goats and sheep. In this study, 96 samples of domestic animals and 13 samples of wildlife were analysed for the presence of PPRV infection by ELISA or RT‐PCR. Of 96 samples from sheep and goats, 91 were PPRV positive, whereas all of the 13 samples from three wild species, Capra ibex (Capra ibex sibirica), argali (Ovis ammon) and Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), were found to be positive. Five wildlife‐origin isolates from the above samples were identified as the lineage IV by a multiple alignment of the partial sequences in N gene.     

2010至2011年我国华北和华东地区老年Colles骨折患者的流行病学特征分析

目的对比分析中国华北地区和华东地区2010年1月至2011年12月老年Colles骨折患者的流行病学特点。 方法利用医学影像计算机存档与传输系统（PACS）及病案查询系统收集2010年1月至2011年12月华北地区和华东地区39家医院诊治的老年Colles骨折患者资料。将华北地区18家医院资料定义为华北组,华东地区21家医院资料定义为华东组,对比分析两组患者性别、年龄、侧别等。 结果共收集老年Colles骨折2 610例,其中男性466例（17.85%）,女性2 144例（82.15%）,男女比为1∶4.60;年龄中位数为70岁;左侧（1 372例,52.57%）多于右侧（1 238例,47.43%）。华北组1 777例,其中男性349例,女性1 428例,男女比为1∶4.09;华东组833例,其中男性117例,女性716例,男女比为1∶6.12,差异有统计学意义（χ²=12.102,P=0.001）。华北组和华东组年龄中位数分别为69岁和71岁,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.372,P<0.001）。华北组和华东组均为60~65岁年龄段构成比最高,分别占35.34%（628/1 777）和29.05%（242/833）,两组60~65岁、81~85岁和≥86岁3个年龄段构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.094, χ²=5.028, χ²=24.885, P<0.05）,其他年龄段构成比差异无统计学意义。华北组和华东组老年Colles骨折均为左侧多于右侧,差异无统计学意义。 结论老年Colles骨折女性多于男性,左侧多于右侧,60~65岁年龄段构成比最高,约占1/3。与华东地区相比,华北地区老年Colles骨折患者年龄低,男女比高,60~65岁年龄段构成比高,81~85岁和≥86岁年龄段构成比低。     

中国华北和华东地区2010至2011年老年股骨转子间骨折流行病学对比分析

目的对比分析中国华北地区和华东地区2010年1月至2011年12月老年尺桡骨远端骨折患者的流行病学特点。 方法利用医学影像计算机存档与传输系统（PACS）及病案查询系统收集2010年1月至2011年12月华北地区和华东地区39家医院诊治的老年尺桡骨远端骨折患者资料。将华北地区18家医院资料定义为A组,华东地区21家医院资料定义为B组,对比分析两组患者性别、年龄、侧别和骨折分型等。 结果共收集老年股骨转子间骨折患者5 413例,其中男性2 116例（39.09%）,女性3 297例（60.91%）,男女比为1∶1.56。所有患者年龄中位数为79岁（65~103岁）,80~84岁年龄段构成比最高,占25.46%（1 378/5 413）;左侧（2 791例,51.56%）多于右侧（2 622例,48.44%）。A组3 324例,其中男性1 431例,女性1 893例,男女比为1∶1.32;B组2 089例,其中男性685例,女性1 404例,男女比为1∶2.05,差异有统计学意义（χ²=56.712,P<0.001）。A组和B组年龄中位数分别为78岁和81岁,差异有统计学意义（Z=-12.282,P<0.001）。A组75~79岁年龄段构成比最高,占25.42%（845/3 324）;B组80~84岁年龄段构成比最高,占26.28%（549/2 089）。A组骨折高发类型为Ⅰ型,占28.34%（942/3 324）;B组骨折高发类型为Ⅱ型,占29.15%（609/2 089）。两组比较,V型骨折构成比差异无统计学意义,其他骨折类型构成比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论老年股骨转子间骨折女性多见,华北和华东地区高发骨折类型分别为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。与华北地区相比,华东地区患者年龄高,女性构成比高,Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型骨折构成比低,Ⅱ型和Ⅳ骨折构成比高。     

Polarity,diversity, and plasticity in proximal tubule transport systems

This contribution first reviews the distribution of transport systems within the plasma membrane of the proximal tubule cell (polarity), with particular emphasis on transport systems located in the basal-lateral plasma membranes and on the role of cascade coupling in tubular transport. Then, the differences between transport systems in the pars convoluta and the pars recta of the proximal tubule are discussed (diversity). Finally, evidence is presented that changes in the microenvironment of sodium cotransport systems can alter the mode of operation of the transporter (plasticity). The two examples mainly addressed are the sodium-d-glucose and the sodium-glutamate cotransport system.