有机磷农药中毒致脑部基底节区对称性出血一例

患者　男 ,5 6岁。误服有机磷农药后来院就诊。临床表现为面色苍白 ,恶心 ,呕吐 ,腹痛 ,抽搐 ,立即给予阿托品、解磷定、速尿等药物抢救 ,用 1 %盐水洗胃后 ,患者出现神志不清 ,烦躁 ,四肢肌张力增高。行颅脑CT检查发现 :两侧豆状核及尾状核头部有对称性梭形略高密度影 ,密度均匀 ,边界清楚 ,CT值为 5 1HU ,两侧侧脑室上角略缩小 (图 1 )。 2 8天后颅脑CT随访 :两侧基底节区对称性梭形近脑脊液样低密度灶 ,CT值 9.6HU(图 2 )。讨论　有机磷农药中毒致基底节区对称性出血罕见。其原因有二 :一是因有机磷农药中毒可产生烟碱样症状 ,使血…     

有机磷杀虫药中毒的脑部CT表现

氨基甲酸盐杀虫剂中毒肺部ＣＴ表现曾有过报道 ,而有机磷杀虫药中毒的脑部ＣＴ表现未见报道[1] ,笔者报告我院2例并做初步讨论 ,以期提高对本病的影像认识。例 1　男 ,2 2岁。因故口服甲胺磷约 2 0 0ｍｌ,约 15ｍｉｎ后送至当地卫生院 ,立即给予应用阿托品、解磷定、速尿等抢救药物 ,2 %小苏打水洗胃 ,约 5ｈ后转至我院 ,因病人急性呼吸衰竭行气管切开术 ,3ｄ后行颅脑ＣＴ检查 ,ＣＴ表现 :双侧基底节区对称性密度增高 ,密度均匀 ,边界清晰 ,病灶ＣＴ值45ＨＵ(图 1)。 1个月后复查ＣＴ表现 :双侧基底节区对称性图 1　平扫ＣＴ显示双侧尾状核…     

卵巢纤维瘤CT诊断二例

例 1　女 ,39岁。因体检发现右下腹包块 3天入院。妇检 :子宫右侧触及一约 7.0cm× 5 .0cm大小包块 ,质硬 ,表面光滑 ,活动度差。血CA12 5、199均为阴性。CT平扫示右附件区一混杂密度肿块 ,大小约 7.0cm× 6 .5cm× 5 .0cm ,为软组织密度伴大量不规则钙化 ,CT值 4 5 .4HU、74 8HU ,与子宫右壁及直肠前壁间分界不清 (图 1)。增强扫描非钙化区有中度强化 ,CT值 78.8HU ,少量腹水 (图 2 )。手术见少量腹水呈淡黄色 ,右卵巢肿块约 8.0cm× 6 .0cm× 5 .0cm大小 ,包膜完整 ,实性质硬 ,与直肠前壁粘连。病理诊断 :右卵巢纤维瘤。例 2　女 ,5…     

孤立肾并肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤一例

患者　男 ,46岁。腹部隐痛 5年 ,加重 1个月入院。患者 3年前体检时 ,B超发现右肾缺如 ,左肾上极内有一肿块。查体 :左肾区有轻微叩击痛。实验室报告 :尿RBC 2～ 3 /H ,WBC 0～1个 /H。CT检查 :右肾缺如。左肾上极内可见一 4cm× 4cm圆形混杂密度影 ,边界不太清晰 ,其内密度不均匀 ,大部分病灶CT值为2 0～ 42HU ,内有低密度灶 ,CT值 -76HU ,上肾盏受挤压变形。增强扫描后肿块不均匀强化 ,CT值 -70～ 5 8HU(图 1、2 )。MRI所见 :右肾缺如。左肾肿块呈混杂信号 ,内有局灶性短T1及短T2 信号灶 ,与脂肪信号相同 (图 3、4)。病理报告…     

肾毛细血管性血管母细胞瘤1例

<正>患者男性,61岁。体检发现左肾占位,无腰痛,无尿急尿频尿痛,无血尿。CT示:平扫左肾下极类圆形异常密度影,大小约2. 0cm×2. 0cm,中央呈等密度影,CT值约30. 4HU,周边可见新月形高密度影,CT值约66. 7HU (图     

颈部恶性血管内皮瘤伴肺转移一例

病例资料　患者 ,男 ,65岁。左颈部隐痛、左上臂上抬困难一周 ,发现左颈部包块3天。体检 :左颈部扪及 2cm× 2cm大小包块 ,质硬 ,边界不清 ,形态不规则 ,轻压痛 ,局部皮肤无红肿。血常规阴性 ,胸透见右肺上野可疑小片状阴影。CT检查 :左颈部胸锁乳突肌内侧见一不规则软组织密度肿块 ,大小约 3 .3cm×4.0cm× 4.5cm ,边界不清 ,密度不均匀 ,CT值 43HU、2 5HU(图 1a) ,增强后实质部分中度强化 ,低密度坏死区无强化 ,CT值76HU、2 6HU ,邻近肿块的第 5颈椎可见骨质破坏 (图 1b) ,双肺可见多发小片状密度增高影 (图 2 )。CT诊断 :左颈部恶…     

正常新生儿颅脑CT研究

目的:探讨正常新生儿颅脑CT影像特点,以提高新生儿颅脑疾病特别是缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的CT诊断水平。材料与方法:从非因HIE进行颅脑CT扫描的新生儿中选取无异常发现者76例作为正常组,与86例因HIE行颅脑CT扫描患者做对比,两组对比检测脑实质密度CT值,对正常新生儿组硬膜窦密度,灰白质分界,脑室及脑外间隙大小、形态进行分析、测定。结果:正常新生儿脑白质密度偏低,CT值19.4-28HU,最低值为20HU,脑白质边缘多呈“枫叶”状,脑灰质CT值26.6-38.2HU,脑灰质具备成人沟和回,但较成人薄,HIE脑白质低密度灶绝大部分CT值小于18HU,低密度灶边缘表现为杵状。结论:认识正常新生儿颅脑CT表现特点是诊断新生儿颅脑疾病特别是诊断HIE的基础。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病CT分度诊断指标的研究

目的探讨出生周内正常新生儿与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿颅脑CT影像特点。方法128例正常新生儿和332例HIE患儿行颅脑CT扫描,取特定的扫描层面及位置,双侧对称检测脑实质密度CT值。结果正常新生儿灰质密度CT值范围27～39HU,白质密度CT值范围20～28HU;HIE患儿脑白质CT值范围:轻度17～19.9HU,中度14～16.9HU,重度14HU以下。结论出生周内正常新生儿与HIE患儿颅脑CT值测量指标对HIECT诊断具有重要意义。     

腰大肌神经鞘膜瘤一例

患者女,39岁。体检:B超发现腹膜后肿块。CT扫描示:左侧后腹壁前方可见一圆形低密度影(CT值32 HU),其中间以不均匀高密度影(CT值61 HU)(图1);增强扫描见病灶不均匀强化(平均CT值57 HU)(图2)。大小约4.6 cm×4.8 cm,境界清楚,与腰大肌关系紧密。手术所见:肿瘤大小约5 cm×6 cm,界     

新生儿颅骨骨膜下血肿2例

例 1　患儿 ,3天。出生时有台头吸引产伤史 ,查体 :右顶头皮软组织肿胀 ,激惹 ,拥抱反射减弱 ,以缺血缺氧性脑病收住儿科 ,颅脑CT :脑实质内未见异常 ,右顶部头皮软组织肿胀 ,3个月后复查见右顶骨成双层改变 (图 1) ,双层中间呈软组织密度影 ,CT值 3 0HU ,5个月CT示 :双层颅板成逐渐融合趋势 ,间隙缩小 (图 2 )。例 2　男 ,生后 1个月发现右顶质韧包块 ,追问有明确产伤史 ,CT检查 :右顶部头皮软组织肿胀 ,右顶骨成双层改变 ,范围较广 ,未跨越颅逢 ,CT报告为板障出血 (图 3 )。随访观察 ,1年后 ,双层颅板融合 ,但较对侧厚。图 1　右顶骨…     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.