MSCT诊断闭孔疝的临床价值分析

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断闭孔疝的价值。方法回顾性分析56例闭孔疝患者的MSCT表现,结合多平面后处理重建(MPR)技术分析闭孔疝发生的位置、疝囊内容物及继发征象。结果 56例闭孔疝22例出现小肠梗阻,空回肠肠管扩张、积液;在闭孔外肌及耻骨肌间可见疝囊,疝容物均为小肠;其中8例手术证实,1例伴肠壁坏死、穿孔。2例出现闭孔疝绞窄,可见肠壁增厚、水肿,腹腔积液。结论 MSCT检查及后处理重建技术是闭孔疝有效检查方法,有助于闭孔疝的早期诊断及并发症发现。     

腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析17例经手术证实的腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻的CT表现,CT检查包括全腹部平扫、动脉期及门脉期增强.结果 17例患者均有不同程度的肠梗阻表现,腹股沟斜疝9例,CT表现为疝囊内肠管从腹壁下动脉外侧、腹股沟韧带前上方走行,行经腹股沟管内;直疝1例,CT表现为扩张的小肠肠管从腹壁下动脉内侧的直疝三角区(Hesselback三角)直接由后向前突出,疝囊不进入阴囊;股疝3例,CT表现为股疝疝囊位于股三角区、耻骨结节水平线以后、腹股沟韧带后下方;闭孔疝4例,CT表现为闭孔外肌与耻骨肌之间的肠管影和腹部肠管相连.结论 CT检查能明确诊断腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻.     

多层螺旋CT对闭孔疝的术前诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slicle computed tomography,MSCT)在闭孔疝术前诊断中的临床价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的14例闭孔疝患者的临床表现和影像学特征,对其影像学表现和术中发现进行对比分析.结果 腹部平片检查14例中仅1例术前确诊为闭孔疝(7.1%),CT检查6例均术前诊断为闭孔疝,诊断准确率为100%.闭孔疝的X线平片主要表现为小肠梗阻,仅1例于闭孔区有含气小肠曲显示.耻骨上支闭孔沟内有肠管疝入、耻骨肌和闭孔外肌之间见肠管和疝囊显示为CT诊断闭孔疝的特征性表现.肠壁增厚、增强扫描强化程度减弱、肠系膜水肿及腹腔积液征象提示肠壁缺血,其发生穿孔、坏死的概率较高(66.7%,4/6).结论 MSCT 能明确显示闭孔疝的直接征象,可显著提高闭孔疝的术前诊断准确率,有助于闭孔疝的早期诊断和治疗.     

多层螺旋CT对几种罕少见病因肠梗阻诊断的价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对罕少见病因肠梗阻诊断的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析14例经手术证实的罕少见病因肠梗阻的CT征象及临床表现,CT检查包括全腹部平扫、动脉期及门静脉期增强扫描.结果 14例患者均有程度不等的肠梗阻表现.其梗阻原因分别为腹茧症2例、乙状结肠周围疝2例、闭孔疝3例、肠石1例、胆石6例.结论 MSCT检查除了能明确诊断肠梗阻外,还能明确导致肠梗阻的罕少见病因.     

闭孔疝继发小肠梗阻的MSCT表现

目的 探讨闭孔疝继发小肠梗阻的MSCT表现特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的16例闭孔疝继发小肠梗阻患者的临床及影像学资料.其中男1例,女15例;年龄74 ～ 91岁,平均83.5岁.16例均行腹部平片、MSCT平扫及动态增强扫描,其中9例行胃肠道造影检查.结果 MSCT对全部闭孔疝和继发性小肠梗阻均做出准确诊断,而腹部平片和胃肠道造影均未能做出闭孔疝的诊断.16例闭孔疝位于右侧11例(68.8％),左侧5例(31.3％).疝内容物均为回肠并继发低位小肠梗阻,梗阻程度表现为轻度3例(18.8％),中度7例(43.8％),重度6例(37.5％).疝囊形态表现为类圆形9例(56.3％),泪珠状5例(31.3％),短管状2例(12.5％).疝囊最大径2.00～3.20 cm,平均(2.469±0.352) cm;疝囊体积2.02 ～ 9.77 cm3,平均(4.517 ±2.441) cm3.结论 闭孔疝继发小肠梗阻具有特征性MSCT表现,MSCT曲面重组可充分展现疝囊与继发性小肠梗阻之间的解剖关系,能为治疗计划的制定提供有用的影像学信息.     

闭孔疝1例

患者 女,70岁.以腹胀3 d收住消化内科,多次DR片提示肠梗阻,保守治疗10 d肠梗阻未能解除.既往肝硬化失代偿. CT扫描显示:右侧耻骨肌和闭孔外肌间可见大小约2 cm×3 cm软组织影,内呈低密度,并与腹内肠管相通,近端肠管明显扩张,伴有液平(图1,2).CT诊断为:闭孔疝,肠梗阻.转入外科治疗.     

MSCT诊断易嵌顿并发肠梗阻腹外疝的临床应用价值

目的探讨易嵌顿并发肠梗阻腹外疝的多层螺旋CT表现及临床应用价值。方法回顾分析24例经手术证实腹外疝并发肠梗阻的螺旋CT表现。结果 24例中,根据疝所在的位置,螺旋CT诊断腹股沟斜疝16例(右侧10例、左侧6例),腹股沟直疝1例,股疝3例(右侧2例、左侧1例),闭孔疝2例(右侧),腹壁切口疝2例。疝囊内容物均为小肠,伴大网膜7例(腹股沟斜疝6例、腹股沟直疝1例)。小肠不全梗阻11例,完全性梗阻13例,腹腔积液3例。结论多层螺旋CT不仅能明确腹外疝并发肠梗阻的部位及程度,而且能为临床提供疝内容物的种类、大小、与周围解剖关系等精细信息,对临床选择合理的治疗方案及患者预后具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT对老年肠梗阻诊断的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对老年肠梗阻的诊断价值.方法:对36例老年肠梗阻患者MSCT表现进行分析,其中30例行手术治疗,6例保守治疗.结果:MSCT准确显示肠梗阻的病例为100%.30例手术治疗患者中,28例手术结果与MSCT表现相符,包括肠道肿瘤15例,粘连性肠梗阻6例,腹外疝2例,胆石性肠梗阻2例,炎性作用引起的肠梗阻3例.结论:MSCT对老年肠梗阻的程度、梗阻部位及梗阻原因的诊断有重大意义,可作为肠梗阻的首选检查方法.     

MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的16例后天性腹内疝的MSCT资料,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强扫描,并行MPR观察。结果:16例均表现为肠梗阻,其中13例有腹部手术史。14例CT表现为肠襻聚集伴扩张积液,具有占位效应;疝内肠系膜血管移位、伸拉,向疝口纠集,呈“梳征”或“缆绳征”。2例CT表现为空肠移位,呈“C”型,肠管积液、稍扩张,肠壁无明显水肿增厚。CT增强扫描7例肠壁及系膜强化程度减弱。结论:MSCT及其后处理技术对后天性腹内疝具有重要的诊断价值。     

胆石性肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的:评价CT对胆石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析5例经手术证实的胆石性肠梗阻患者的CT检查资料及临床表现。结果:所有病例CT表现均见肠腔内异位结石、肠梗阻、胆系积气及胆囊窝结构紊乱,1例显示腹腔游离积液,1例结石位于十二指肠降段,1例结石位于空肠,另3例结石位于回肠。结石呈圆形或椭圆形,直径2.5~5cm,梗阻以上肠管扩张,可见气液平,1例完全性肠梗阻病例梗阻以下肠管空虚。5例术前CT诊断准确率为100%。结论:胆石性肠梗阻有典型的CT表现,CT是胆石性肠梗阻的最佳方法。     

螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值。方法:对64例小肠梗阻患者肌注低张剂、口服对比剂后行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:机械性小肠梗阻59例(其中肠肿瘤17例,炎性病变7例,腹外疝8例,腹内疝5例,肠粘连8例,腹茧症5例,胆石3例,肠套叠3例,肠扭转2例,粪块1例),CT诊断正确55例,诊断符合率93%。麻痹性肠梗阻5例,CT诊断正确3例,诊断符合率为60%。8例绞窄性肠梗阻,7例CT诊断正确,诊断符合率88%。结论:CT判断小肠梗阻的有无以及明确梗阻的部位、原因、程度和肠管缺血具有较高的准确性,是诊断小肠梗阻的可靠方法。     

An unusual case of early-stage obturator hernia causing bowel obstruction and strangulation

Obturator hernia is rare, contributing to less than 2% of the total incidence of small bowel obstructions. The diagnosis of obturator hernia is still a big challenge today. Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography scans have better diagnostic value preoperatively, showing the bowel loop between the pectineus and obturator externus muscle. We report an unusual case of a 77-year-old woman who presented to the emergency ward with an acute abdominal pain. Plain abdominal radiography showed small bowel obstruction. However, a computed tomography scan only showed signs of closed-loop obstruction and strangulation with bulging of the peritoneum through the obturator foramen. Exploration by laparotomy allowed complete evaluation of the obturator canal and confirmed the diagnosis of obturator hernia as a cause of bowel obstruction and strangulation.     

成人小肠梗阻少见病因的MSCT分析

目的:分析成人小肠梗阻(small bowel obstruction,SBO)少见病因的MSCT表现,提高对SBO病因的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析17例由少见病因引起的成人SBO患者的临床资料和MSCT表现,着重于病因分析。结果:17例中,梗阻病因为十二指肠旁疝3例,肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转1例,小肠套叠2例,植物粪石8例,胆结石2例及左侧闭孔疝1例。所有病因均具有特征性CT表现。结论:认识SBO的少见病因及其CT表现,对提高SBO病因的诊断和临床治疗具有重要意义。     

腹内疝的临床与CT表现(附8例分析)

目的:探讨腹内疝的临床特点和CT表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的8例腹内疝患者的临床特点和CT表现。结果:8例中十二指肠旁疝3例,2例术前诊断正确,1例误诊为肠扭转;5例经肠系膜疝中4例有腹部手术史。8例患者的CT表现中共同征象包括肠梗阻,小肠异常聚集,肠系膜血管异位、伸拉、聚集或扩张。其他肠管移位。左侧十二指肠旁疝表现为胃和胰尾间或胰尾后方囊袋状异常排列的肠管;右侧十二指肠旁疝表现为十二指肠圈部位囊袋状肠管伴肠系膜血管紊乱;经肠系膜疝表现为小肠异常排列,无大网膜脂肪覆盖,结肠中心性移位,常伴小肠梗阻或肠绞窄。5例经肠系膜疝的CT征象均能明确或高度提示内疝。结论:腹内疝的CT表现有一定特征性,CT可对大多数病例作出明确诊断。     

多排螺旋CT对肠梗阻诊断的临床价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对肠梗阻诊断的临床价值。方法回顾性分析41例经临床保守治疗或手术证实的肠梗阻的螺旋CT影像资料,并将其诊断结果与手术、病理结果进行对照分析。结果多排螺旋CT诊断肠梗阻的准确性100%,对肠梗阻部位判断的准确性及病因判断有着独特的优势。其中肠肿瘤15例,粘连性肠梗阻21例（包括阑尾炎脓肿形成1例,肠憩室炎1例）,闭孔疝1例,腹股沟疝2例,肠系膜血管栓塞1例,后腹膜恶性纤维组织细胞瘤侵犯肠壁1例。结论多排螺旋CT在显示肠梗阻的存在与否、确定肠梗阻部位以及梗阻原因判断方面具有很高的临床价值。     

腹内疝的CT诊断探讨

目的探讨腹内疝的术前CT诊断,以提高对本病影像学的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析10例腹内疝的临床及CT资料。结果10例术前CT检查均表现为小肠梗阻,其中2例考虑腹内疝。术后证实为十二指肠旁疝4例．腹部术后粘连致内疝形成3例,先天性肠系膜裂孔疝1例,小网膜疝1例,结肠周围疝1例。10例中有2例小肠坏死行小肠部分切除。结论腹内疝术前诊断较困难,多诊断为肠梗阻,CT检查仔细观察小肠走行及梗阻部位、形态,结合临床资料,可以明确诊断或提示本病的存在。     

Small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube: incidental CT finding mimicking a pathologic condition

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to describe the CT findings of small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube in patients with bowel obstruction and to discuss the mechanism of this incidental finding. METHOD: Ten consecutive patients with intubation of a long intestinal tube for bowel obstruction were studied retrospectively. Five cases were diagnosed as colon cancer, three as postoperative adhesion, one as Meckel diverticulitis, and one as internal hernia of the small bowel. The history and imaging studies of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Small-bowel wall thickening was demonstrated in 6 of the 10 patients on CT. All findings of small-bowel wall thickening were observed along the long intestinal tube. Multiple accordion-shaped pleats were seen in five patients on longitudinal sections of the small bowel. CONCLUSION: Although definitive pathologic proof is lacking, small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube was thought to represent a multiply "pleated" normal small bowel along a long intestinal tube.     

Bowel obstruction following liver transplantation: clinical and ct findings in 48 cases with emphasis on internal hernia

PURPOSE: To review the incidence, cause, and radiologic findings of bowel obstruction in patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 4,001 cases of OLT revealed 48 cases of bowel obstruction in 44 patients. Seventeen computed tomographic (CT) scans and seven barium-enhanced radiographs were reviewed to determine level and cause. Surgical proof was available in 45 cases, while three had characteristic clinical and radiographic features. RESULTS: Adhesions caused the obstruction in 19 cases in 16 patients; three had bowel ischemia. Internal hernias caused obstruction in 18 patients; all obstructions were transmesenteric or retroanastomotic and occurred with choledochoenteric anastomosis. Seven patients had volvulus; four had bowel ischemia. CT signs of internal hernia included mesenteric vascular abnormalities and clusters of dilated small-bowel segments that displaced the colon away from the abdominal wall. Prospective diagnosis of internal hernia was made in only one case. Incisional or inguinal hernia caused obstruction in seven patients; CT was used just once. Four patients had neoplastic bowel obstruction, three due to posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder and one due to colon carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation was complicated by bowel obstruction in 48 (1.2%) of 4,001 cases. While adhesions and incisional hernias are common and well recognized, other causes are more challenging to diagnose. The CT findings reported here may allow more accurate diagnosis of internal hernia.     

Congenital internal hernia as a cause of small bowel obstruction: CT findings in 11 adult patients

The aim of this study is to report the CT findings in patients proved to have congenital internal hernia (CIH) as a cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). The CT scans of 11 patients (9 men and 2 women, with ages ranging from 20 years to 95 years (mean 60.7 years), presenting with clinical symptoms and signs of SBO without previous abdominal surgery or trauma, were retrospectively reviewed. In all patients features of SBO were seen. In addition, in nine of them a saclike mass, containing dilated small bowel loops with mesenteric vessels converging toward its orifice was demonstrated and a pre-operative diagnosis of an incarcerated internal hernia was suggested. In the other two, a closed loop obstruction was seen without an identifiable cause. Mural thickening of the entrapped loops within the hernial sac was seen in five patients, with hypoperfusion in four of them, blurring of the mesenteric vessels with localized mesenteric fluid was demonstrated in seven and free peritoneal fluid in 10. All patients were operated on following the CT and an incarcerated CIH was confirmed. Gangrenous bowel was present at exploration in seven cases. One patient died. In conclusion, in patients with intact abdomen and SBO, CT may be the first imaging modality to discover a clinically unsuspected CIH, which requires prompt surgical intervention. Radiologists should be aware of the CT features suggestive of a SBO caused by CIH, i.e. a saclike mass of dilated small bowel loops, as a correct diagnosis will influence patient management and prognosis.