Aortopulmonary fistula detected by echocardiography 12 years after aortoplasty for correction of ascending aorta aneurysm.

We describe a case of aortopulmonary fistula in which the correct diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography. The transesophageal approach, because of severe aortic dilatation, failed to provide the correct diagnosis, underlining the importance of complete transthoracic and transesophageal studies in the evaluation of aortic aneurysms.     

主-肺动脉间隔缺损的超声心动图诊断

目的:总结6例先天性主-肺动脉间隔缺损(APSD)超声心动图诊断的经验及教训.方法:2000年10月～2003年6月间经超声心动图诊断主-肺动脉间隔缺损的患儿6例,其中男4例,女2例;平均年龄6.8岁.结果:与术后结果对照,超声心动图确诊3例,漏诊1例,误诊2例.结论:APSD是一种易误诊和漏诊的少见先天性心脏病.提高对本病的认识、仔细的超声检查、结合升主动脉造影和CT等检查有助于确诊.     

主肺动脉间隔缺损1例

患儿，女，43天，外院诊断为肺炎转入我院。超声心动图示：全心长大，以右心明显；心室壁增厚。右室流出道及肺动脉增宽；距肺动脉瓣环约5mm处，升主动脉左侧壁与主肺动脉右侧壁之间的间隔连续性中断约11mm（图1）；实时三维超声心动图采集全容积图像并进行旋转切割，显示主肺动脉间隔缺损（APSD）的主动脉面和肺动脉面均呈圆形（图2）。     

多普勒超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损

目的　分析多普勒超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损的准确率 ,提高超声心动图检查对主肺动脉间隔缺损的首次检出率。方法　本文总结了 15例先心患儿有关主肺动脉间隔缺损的超声检测结果 ,并与其外科手术结果相对照。结果　超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损与外科手术结论一致者 6例 (占 40 % ) ;不一致 9例 (占 60 % ) ,其中漏诊 5例 (3 3 .3 % ) ,误诊 4例 (2 6.7% )。结论　多切面显示主肺动脉间隔回声中断 ,缺损边缘呈“T”字征 ,结合脉冲及彩色Doppler表现 ,多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损。     

Prenatal Diagnosis of an Aortopulmonary Window With an Interrupted Aortic Arch

A prenatal aortopulmonary window with an interrupted aortic arch was detected in a 22‐week‐old fetus. The 3‐vessel and trachea view showed a communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery. Early postnatal surgery was successful. A PubMed‐based search identified all cases of prenatal aortopulmonary windows between 2002 and 2015. Nine articles were identified. The average gestational age at diagnosis was 28 weeks (range, 22–33 weeks). The most frequent aortopulmonary window was type I (40%). All cases were associated with congenital heart defects, mainly an interrupted aortic arch (50%). No chromosomal or extracardiac abnormalities were seen. Prenatal echocardiography is useful for early diagnosis of an aortopulmonary window. The prognosis depends on the time of surgery and the nature of the associated anomalies.     

主-肺动脉间隔缺损的二维和彩色多普勒血流图表现特征

目的：探讨二维超声心动图(2DE)和彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI)对主-肺动脉间隔缺损心内畸形的诊断价值，并讨论超声心动图表现特征。方法：自1996年6月至2002年2月应用彩色多普勒超声的二维图像，多普勒频谱和彩色血流显像对3例主-肺动脉间隔缺损的解剖及血流动力学异常进行观察，将其声像图表现与手术结果进行对比分析，并结合文献总结其CDFI的诊断与鉴别诊断。结果：彩色多普勒超声特征是：二维超声心动图多切面显示主-肺动脉间隔缺损，主肺动脉内异常高速血流由升主动脉射入，主肺动脉扩张，左、右肺动脉增宽，左心增大。其中Ⅰ型2例，Ⅱ型l例，合并室缺1例。彩超诊断与外科手术结果相符。结论：2DE和CDFI可对主-肺动脉间隔缺损提供正确的诊断和分型及发现合并心内畸形，具有无创、安全、准确及可重复应用等优点，是主-肺动脉间隔缺损的首选诊断方法。     

Prenatal Diagnosis of Aortopulmonary Window: A Case Series and Literature Review

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart defect, characterized by a connection between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk before bifurcation. Prenatal diagnosis of APW is essential, as a surgical correction early after birth is required in most cases to prevent congestive heart failure secondary to high pulmonary blood flow. We report a series of three cases of APW that were detected by prenatal echocardiography. The key feature of diagnosis is demonstration of connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta above the level of the two semilunar valves. Based on our cases and literature review, diagnostic clues for prenatal diagnosis of APW are summarized and proposed.     

Aortopulmonary septal defect with interrupted aortic arch in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy

We report a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with prenatal diagnosis of aortopulmonary septal defect combined with type?B interrupted aortic arch in one of the fetuses. The mother was referred for fetal echocardiography at 24?weeks’ gestation due to suspected congenital heart disease. Prenatal echocardiography revealed a defect of 2.8?mm between the main pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta. The course of the ascending aorta was straight to the neck and head, and there was no continuity of the aortic arch after the origin of innominate and left common carotid arteries. Thus, aortopulmonary septal defect with type?B interrupted aortic arch was suspected. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis, and surgical repair was performed on the 10th day after birth. The combination of aortopulmonary septal defect with type?B interrupted aortic arch is a very rare condition that can be diagnosed by fetal echocardiographic examination in the second trimester of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis is important for the prognosis, since early surgical intervention is needed to prevent development of severe heart failure in the neonate.     

Cholecysto-urachal fistula

The urachus is an embryonic remnant that connects the primitive bladder to the allantois. Multiple urachal anomalies have been described, including the urachal sinus, urachal cyst, patent urachus, and urachal diverticulum. We describe an unusual case in which a patient with urinary tract infection and dysuria was ultimately found to have urinary gallstones from a urachal connection with the gallbladder.