Echocardiography and Left Ventricular Function on Recovery from Anaesthesia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Eight patients with coronary artery disease and eight age-matched patients without coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery were submitted to M-mode echocardiography and haemodynamic measurements. In the patients with coronary artery disease, but not in the controls, recovery from anaesthesia was associated with echocardiographic and haemodynamic changes suggestive of impaired cardiac pump function. This impairment seems to result from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen availability and demand in patients with coronary artery disease.     

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting After a Bilateral Lung Volume Reduction Operation

A 67-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting 3 months after a bilateral lung volume reduction operation for end-stage pulmonary emphysema. The principles of anesthetic management we have developed for use during volume reduction operations were applied with success in this individual and are described in detail. With the increasing application of this intervention as an alternative to lung transplantation, we anticipate further experience in the operative management of associated conditions after lung volume reduction operations.     

Recovery of Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Function Early after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background: Impairment of left ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is well recognized, but little is known about the time course of recovery of cardiac function early after separation from CPB. Therefore, recovery of left ventricular function was evaluated early after separation from CPB in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. The authors tried to determine whether this recovery might be attributed to autoregulation of function by preload.

Methods: Left ventricular pressure was measured with fluid-filled catheters. Data were digitally recorded during increased pressure induced by elevating the legs. Transgastric short-axis echocardiographic views of the left ventricle were simultaneously recorded on videotape. Systolic function was evaluated with the slope (Ees, mmHg/ml) of the systolic pressure-volume relation. Diastolic function was evaluated with the chamber stiffness constant (Kc, ml sup -1) of the diastolic pressure-volume relation. Cardiac function was assessed before CPB, after termination of CPB, and 5, 10, and 15 min later. Two different separation procedures from CPB were compared: in protocol 1, left ventricular function was documented during the standard procedure (n = 24); in protocol 2, the heart was optimally filled 10 min before separation from CPB (n = 12).

Results: In protocol 1, Ees was 2.88 +/- 0.21 mmHg/ml (mean +/- SEM) and Kc was 0.012 +/- 0.001 ml sup -1 before CPB. Within 10 min after separation from CPB, Ees increased from 1.10 +/- 0.32 to 2.92 +/- 0.34 (P = 0.001) and Kc decreased from 0.022 +/- 0.002 to 0.011 +/- 0.001 (P = 0.001). The parameters remained stable thereafter. In protocol 2, Ees was 2.92 +/- 0.51 mmHg/ml and Kc was 0.011 +/- 0.002 ml sup -1 before CPB. Depression of systolic and diastolic function was not observed in these patients. At time 0, Ees was 2.46 +/- 0.16 and Kc was 0.012 +/- 0.002. These values remained stable throughout the entire observation period.     

冠心病合并左室室壁瘤行冠状动脉旁路移植术未同期行左心室成形术的疗效分析

目的 分析冠心病合并左室室壁瘤形成患者仅行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）但未同期行左心室成形术的疗效。 方法 2008年1月至2012年12月武汉亚洲心脏病医院收治冠心病合并室壁瘤患者共105例,术中探查发现室壁瘤边界欠清或活动欠佳或无明显矛盾运动而未处理室壁瘤患者共74例,其中男59例,女15例;年龄 （60.96±9.09） 岁。冠状动脉造影显示：单支血管病变5例,双支病变10例,3支病变45例,左主干＋3支病变14例。术中发现30例室壁瘤界限不清,29例心尖室壁变薄、室壁瘤不明显,15例室壁瘤未见明显的矛盾运动、心尖部质地较厚。所有患者均行冠状动脉旁路移植术。在体外循环下手术62例,非体外循环下手术12例。70例采用左乳内动脉吻合于左前降支,2例行左前降支内膜剥脱术。因二尖瓣中-重度反流行二尖瓣成形术3例,二尖瓣置换术2例;因合并主动脉瓣重度狭窄同期行主动脉瓣置换术1例。 结果 术后因恶性心律失常、缺血、缺氧性脑病死亡2例 （2.7%）;因低心排血量、围术期心肌梗死、恶性心律失常等行主动脉内球囊反搏 （IABP） 辅助6例。术后随访70例,随访时间24～60 （43±12） 个月。随访期间发现心室内血栓形成8例,其中5例服用华法林1年内血栓消失,无1例发生血栓脱落栓塞事件。超声心动图检查提示：室壁瘤消失18例 （25.7%）。出院时、术后6个月、1年射血分数较术前明显增高 （术后6个月与术前比较：44%±6% vs. 39%±5%）,左心室舒张期末内径 ［术后6个月与术前比较：（54.37±6.28） mm vs. （59.24±6.24）mm］、左心室收缩期末内径与术前比较明显缩小 （P＜0.01）。但随着时间延长,左心室舒张期末内径、左心室收缩期末内径较出院时逐渐增大。 结论 对于合并室壁瘤的冠心病患者,根据术中探查实际情况未行左心室成形术仅行冠状动脉旁路移植术,术后射血分数、左心室舒张期末内径、左心室收缩期末内径均较术前明显改善,但术后心室扩大呈进行性发展。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术及室壁瘤切除术

本文报道冠状动脉旁路移植术和室壁瘤切除术５１例。全组中３４例为不稳定心绞痛，２５例多支病变，５例左主干狭窄，２４例陈旧性心肌梗死，１０例合并高血压，左室射血分数０．１４～０．７９，小于０．３者６例。均在常规体外循环和心脏停搏下手术，共架血管桥１０１支。全组１０例同期作了室壁瘤切除术，后者还同时修补室间隔穿孔和间隔瘤各１例。附加手术有心脏瓣膜替换术，冠状动脉内膜切除术和激光心肌再血管化各４例，术中冠脉腔内成形术２例及三尖瓣成形术１例。手术死亡７例，均与术前高危因素及左室功能差有关。随访６～１０８个月，３１例心绞痛消失，４例偶有轻度心绞痛，７例仍有劳力性心绞痛；晚期死亡２例，分别死于重症乙型肝炎和心律失常。重点讨论了手术病例选择，冠状动脉内膜切除术，室壁瘤切除修复术以及架桥与换瓣同期手术问题。     

Coronary Artery Bypass Operation in Septuagenarians

Increasing numbers of patients more than 70 years old are at risk from coronary artery disease. The continued success of coronary artery bypass operation in selected patients provides impetus for applying this procedure to older patients as well. Our results indicate coronary artery operation is effective in older patients and has a low mortality (3% in our series). In patients in this age group, coronary artery operation can be combined with other procedures, when indicated, such as cardiac valve replacement or repair, left ventricular aneurysmectomy, carotid endarterectomy, and cholecystectomy.     

非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术加左心室室壁瘤折叠术的临床效果

目的评价非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)同期行左心室室壁瘤折叠术的临床效果。方法选择2007年1月至2011年1月期间北京安贞医院资料完整的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)同期行室壁瘤手术患者114例进行对比研究,其中在体外循环心脏停搏下行CABG加室壁瘤切除术76例(Ⅰ组),男57例、女19例,年龄(63.4±7.8)岁;在非体外循环心脏不停跳下行CABG加室壁瘤折叠术38例(Ⅱ组),男32例、女6例,年龄(60.6±8.9)岁。除Ⅰ组患者室壁瘤占左心室较Ⅱ组大外(42.2%±13.6%vs.26.5%±12.3%,t=5.499,P=0.000),其余临床资料相比差异无统计学意义。比较两组患者手术效果及并发症发生情况,并进行随访6个月。结果Ⅰ组中死亡2例,其中1例死于术后恶性心律失常,1例死于肺部感染;Ⅱ组1例死于围术期心肌梗死。两组患者术后胸腔引流量、二次开胸止血、呼吸机辅助时间和放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)例数等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后早期及术后6个月复查心脏超声心动图,左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)均较术前明显减小[Ⅰ组:(54.0±7.8)mm&(56.0±8.1)mm vs.(59.6±6.6)mm,Ⅱ组:(52.0±7.2)mm&(53.6±5.3)mm vs.(57.9±5.4)mm];左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著增加(Ⅰ组:43.5%±3.2%&55.7%±3.7%vs.38.0%±7.4%,Ⅱ组:44.7%±2.8%&57.0%±3.5%vs.41.0%±6.6%),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论非体外循环心脏不停跳CABG同期行室壁瘤折叠术安全有效,可能更适用于室壁瘤较小的患者。     

心功能不全冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效分析

分析心功能不全冠心病患者施行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的临床资料,探讨其手术风险,提出治疗方案。方法将2004年1月至2008年6月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院66例冠心病患者,按心功能不同分为3组,每组22例,组1：男18例,女4例;年龄55.3±9.1岁;术前左心室射血分数（LVEF）〈30%;组2：男19例,女3例;年龄55.5±10.2岁;30%≤LVEF〈40%;组3：男17例,女5例;年龄55.8±8.7岁;LVEF≥40%;组2和组3作为对照。观察围术期临床资料包括术前调整时间、移植血管支数、同期室壁瘤手术、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）使用时间、住ICU时间、强心药种类、术后住院时间和住院费用等的改变。结果术后无死亡和严重并发症发生,均痊愈出院。组1术前调整时间（18.9±14.6 d vs.10.8±7.4 d,P=0.023）、使用IABP例数（7 vs.1,P=0.012）、住ICU时间（3.0±0.7 d vs.1.2±0.6 d,P=0.008）、强心药种类（1.6±0.7种vs.1.0±0.2种,P=0.000）、术后住院时间（17.4±12.1 d vs.11.8±3.4 d,P=0.038）和住院费用（11.4±5.2万元vs.7.6±1.7万元,P=0.007）均多于组3,两组比较差异均有统计学意义。3组患者均获得随访,随访时间3~6个月,均生存,随访期间无明显心绞痛发作。结论心功能不全患者行OPCAB手术安全,但所需医疗资源多,须慎重选择。