急性髌骨外侧脱位的MRI分析

目的 结合损伤机制探讨急性髌骨外侧脱位的MRI特征表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析42例急性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料,由两名放射科医师共同确定骨髓水肿、骨软骨骨折、髌骨位置、髌骨内侧支持带的损伤、关节积液及其他合并损伤情况.结果 (1)股骨外髁前侧面和髌骨内下关节面骨髓水肿的出现率均为98%(41/42),其中95%(40/42)两处同时出现.其余区域骨髓水肿的出现率仅为7%(3/42).(2)36%(15/42)可见髌骨内后缘骨软骨骨折,10%(4/42)出现股骨外髁骨软骨骨折,其余区域则无.(3)2%(1/42)髌骨仍处于脱位状态,50%(21/42)髌骨呈半脱位,其余48%(20/42)髌骨位置正常.(4)62%(26/42)可见髌骨内侧支持带异常,43%(18/42)合并股内侧斜肌损伤,37%(16/42)合并股外侧肌水肿,7%(3/42)出现髌骨外侧支持带异常,2%(1/42)合并内侧副韧带损伤.(5)100%(42/42)出现关节积液,包括关节积血5例、关节脂血症2例.结论 急性髌骨外侧脱位的MRI表现取决于其特定的损伤机制,股骨外髁前侧面和髌骨内下关节面同时出现的骨髓水肿、髌骨内后缘的骨软骨骨折、髌骨内侧支持带异常、股内侧斜肌和股外侧肌的损伤为常见而又具有特征的MRI征象.     

青少年与成人急性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带损伤的MRI对比分析

目的 对比分析青少年与成人急性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)损伤的MRI特点.方法 分别对42例青少年和45例成人急性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料进行回顾性分析,87例患者均行常规MRI矢状面、冠状面和横断面T1 WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波序列扫描,分析MPFL的损伤特点,并应用x2检验比较青少年和成人MPFL各种损伤的发生率.结果 急性髌骨外侧脱位后,青少年组MPFL损伤发生率为97.6％ (41/42),其中完全撕裂、部分撕裂发生率分别为57.1％ (24/42)、40.5％(17/42);成人组对应的MPFL损伤发生率、完全撕裂发生率、部分撕裂发生率分别为100.0％ (45/45)、64.4％(29/45)、35.6％ (16/45);2组间MPFL损伤的发生率差异均无统计学意义(x2值分别为1.084、0.486、0.223,P值均＞0.05).青少年组MPFL股骨侧、髌骨侧、体部撕裂发生率分别为31.0％(13/42)、78.6％(33/42)和26.2％(11/42),其中多发部位损伤发生率为33.3％ (14/42);成人组对应的各发生率分别为64.4％(29/45)、40.0％(18/45)、15.6％(7/45)和15.6％ (7/45),2组间比较MPFL股骨侧、髌骨侧撕裂发生率差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为9.759、13.324,P值均＜0.05),体部撕裂发生率差异无统计学意义(x2=1.497,P＞0.05).青少年组较成人组尽管多发部位损伤差异无统计学意义(x2=3.749,P＞0.05),但青少年组更易伴发MPFL多发部位损伤.结论 青少年与成人比较,急性髌骨外侧脱位后MPFL损伤程度分布无差异,但在损伤部位分布上,二者具有显著差异,成人组损伤以股骨侧多见,其次为髌骨侧,而青少年组以髌骨侧多见,其次为股骨侧,青少年更易发生MPFL多发部位损伤.     

急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI特点。方法回顾性分析51例经临床证实的急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料。51例病例均行常规MRI矢状面、冠状面和横断面T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波序列扫描,并与手术结果相对照。结果急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL损伤发生率为100%,其中完全性MPFL撕裂31例,部分性MPFL撕裂20例,股骨侧撕裂30例,髌骨侧撕裂19例,体部撕裂2例,MRI诊断MPFL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为85%、93.5%和90.2%,MRI诊断完全MPFL撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.5%、85%和90.2%。股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤17例,发生率为33.3%,其中13例位于股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨,1例位于股骨滑车,3例股骨滑车和股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨均受累;17例股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤病例中,16例(94.1%)关节软骨损伤位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分,1例(5.9%)位于骨挫伤的中间部分;MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例中,57.9%(11/19)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,MPFL股骨侧损伤病例中,20%(6/30)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,二组数据比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=5.80,P=0.016)。MPFL完全撕裂、部分撕裂病例中,股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折发生率分别为19.4%(6/31)、0%(0/20),二者比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=4.39,P=0.036)。结论急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL股骨侧最易损伤,其次为髌骨侧,MRI诊断MPFL损伤准确性高;急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤比较常见,MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例易于伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,而MPFL完全撕裂较部分撕裂更易伴发股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折;股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤多位于股骨外侧髁承重关节面处,绝大多数位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分。     

急性髌骨外侧脱位患者性别、年龄、解剖参数与髌股关节软骨损伤的相关性

目的 探讨急性髌骨外侧脱位(lateral patellar dislocation,LPD)患者性别、年龄、髌股关节解剖参数与髌股关节软骨损伤的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2015-01至2021-07在武警山东总队医院就诊的115例经临床证实为急性LPD患者的MRI资料,对患者性别、年龄[分为青少年(<18岁)、成人(...     

髌骨脱位影像学研究进展

髌骨脱位是一种主要由周围解剖结构不稳所导致的疾病,在青少年人群中较为多见,患者通常反复发生膝关节痛,绝大部分髌骨向外脱位.髌骨脱位常伴有髌骨不稳的危险因素,包括胫骨结节-股骨滑车凹距离异常、股骨滑车发育不良和高位髌骨.本文综述髌骨脱位及其危险因素的CT和MRI影像学表现的最新进展.     

分析比较急性髌骨外侧脱位与膝关节多发韧带损伤后内侧髌股韧带损伤的特点

 目的 分析比较急性髌骨外侧脱位(lateral patellar dislocation,LPD)与膝关节多发韧带损伤(multiligament knee injuries,MLKIs)后内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)损伤的特点。方法 回顾性分析急性LPD 92例和MLKIs 83例患者的MRI资料,根据患者年龄分为青少年组(年龄≤18岁)84例和成人组(年龄＞18岁)91例,对LPD和MLKIs伴发MPFL损伤程度、部位进行统计学分析。结果 青少年LPD组50例中,MPFL部分撕裂20例,完全撕裂25例,未损伤5例;青少年MLKIs组34例患者中,MPFL部分撕裂9例,完全撕裂6例,未损伤19例;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.725,P<0.05)。青少年LPD组MPFL髌骨侧损伤19例,股骨侧14例,体部2例,多部位损伤10例;青少年MLKIs组MPFL髌骨侧损伤3例,股骨侧7例,多部位损伤5例;青少年LPD组和MLKIs组间MPFL髌骨侧、股骨侧、多部位损伤发生率差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=19.753,9.644,8.193,P值均小于0.01)。成人LPD组42例中,MPFL部分撕裂17例,完全撕裂19例,未损伤6例;成人MLKIs组49例中,MPFL部分撕裂13例,完全撕裂7例,未损伤29例;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=20.771,P<0.05)。成人LPD组MPFL髌骨侧损伤11例,股骨侧15例,体部2例,多部位损伤8例;成人MLKIs组MPFL髌骨侧损伤4例,股骨侧9例,多部位损伤7例;LPD组和MLKIs组间MPFL髌骨侧、股骨侧、多部位损伤发生率差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=14.773,12.777,6.822,P均<0.01)。结论 急性LPD比MLKIs更易导致MPFL损伤,MPFL髌骨侧损伤、股骨侧损伤和多部位损伤LPD也较MLKIs更常见。     

外伤性髌骨关节内脱位1例

<正> 外伤性髌骨关节内脱位又称髌骨中央型脱位,由Midel-fart(1887年)首先报告,是临床上极为罕见的脱位类型。我院收治1例,现报告如下。 病史 女,30岁。因车祸致右膝部外伤,疼痛、流血2 h     

前距腓和跟腓韧带解剖学测量与MRI及高频超声测量对比研究

目的：评定MRI及高频超声测量前距腓和跟腓韧带的准确性。方法：将6例（12个踝关节）行MRI及高频超声检查，并记录测量值；然后进行解剖分离出外侧韧带，测量其长度和宽度。结果：高频超声及MRI方法测量外侧韧带长度和宽度与标本解剖测量值比较，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：高频超声及MRI能够准确测量外侧韧带长度和宽度。     

急性髌骨脱位中内侧支持带复合体的损伤：MR表现及其外科意义

本文通过对膝关节内侧支持带复合体正常解剖的复习，讨论了在急性髌骨脱位中内侧支持带复合体损伤的ＭＲ表现，强调对有急性髌骨脱位病人ＭＲ观察侧重点，并明确了其外科意义。     

Locked lateral patellar dislocation: a rare case of irreducible patellar dislocation requiring open reduction

Irreducible patellar dislocations are rare injuries, but those that do occur are mainly directed intra-articularly. In this case, a 53-year-old woman sustained a locked lateral patellar dislocation when falling from a chair. A preoperative CT-scan revealed bony avulsions at the insertion of the vastus medialis muscle, the medial retinaculum, and partial disruption of the ligamentum patellae from the apex patellae. Open reduction was necessary and the torn structures were reattached with anchor systems and sutures. Postoperative management included intensive physiotherapy. At 1 year after surgery, the patient was without swelling or pain and had a normal gait, but flexion was restricted to 120°. All postoperative radiographs showed the patella correctly placed in the femoral groove. Received: 21 December 1998 Accepted: 15 April 1999     

关节镜辅助早期手术治疗创伤性髌骨脱位

目的探讨利用膝关节镜技术辅助治疗创伤性髌骨脱位的手术方法并评估其治疗效果。方法选择2009年10月至2012年10月沈阳军区总医院应用关节镜治疗创伤性髌骨脱位的26例患者为研究对象。其中,男性10例,女性16例;复发性髌骨脱位22例。术前行X线、三维CT及MR等影像学检查,评估髌股关节形态学变异及损伤情况。先行膝关节镜检查,处理关节内合并损伤,清除关节内积血、游离的软骨及骨碎片,镜下可以清楚观察髌内侧及髌骨下极骨软骨损伤及内侧支持带损伤情况,同时处理并存的半月板等关节内结构损伤。于镜下行髌外侧支持带松解完成关节镜操作,辅助小切口修复内侧支持带复合体稳定结构。结果平均随访24.2个月,术后均未出现髌骨再次脱位,膝关节屈伸膝活动度无明显受限,膝关节Lysholm评分优良,无髌骨弹响及不稳感,6~8周恢复日常生活及工作。结论关节镜辅助治疗创伤性髌骨脱位,安全可靠,值得推广。     

High-resolution MRI using a microscopy coil for the diagnosis of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been commonly used for the preoperative evaluation of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (RLPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) with a microscopy coil for diagnosing RLPD. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 15 patients with clinically diagnosed RLPD and 10 normal volunteers. All studies were performed on a 1.5-T MR system. First, conventional MRIs of the whole knee joint were obtained using the knee coil. Then HR-MRI scans using a microscopy coil in the medial aspect of the patella were obtained at the level of the superior pole of the patella, targeting the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). The acquired HR-MRIs with RLPD were reviewed concerning the MPFL injury and the patellar injury. Results The MPFL was distinguished as a separate ligament, and the layer structure of the patellar cartilage was visualized clearly in all volunteers. The MPFL injury was visualized in 12 cases (87%); it included discontinuity, thickening, and loosening. The patellar injury was visualized in 11 cases (73%), which included dissecans of the medial margin and cartilage injuries. Conclusion HR-MRI with a microscopy coil provides precise information of the MPFL and patellar cartilage injury for the diagnosis of RLPD.     

DTI‐based muscle fiber tracking of the quadriceps mechanism in lateral patellar dislocation

Purpose

To determine the feasibility of using diffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) ‐based muscle fiber tracking to create biomechanical models of the quadriceps mechanism in healthy subjects and those with chronic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD).

Materials and Methods

Four healthy (average 14.5 years old; BMI 21.8) and four chronic LPD (average 17.3 years old; BMI 22.4) females underwent DT and axial T1W MRI of the thighs. The anatomical and physiologic cross‐sectional areas (ACSA and PCSA, respectively) and pennation angle were calculated of the vastus lateralis oblique (VLO) and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles. The predicted resultant force vector on the patella was calculated.

Results

The VLO pennation angles in healthy and LPD subjects were 18.7 and 14.5°, respectively (P = 0.141). The VMO pennation angles in healthy and LPD subjects were 11.4 and 14.8°, respectively (P = 0.02). The ACSA and PCSA VLO:VMO ratios in healthy and LPD subjects were 1.9:1.6 and 2.1:1.6, respectively (P = 0.025 and 0.202, respectively). Regardless of whether ACSA or PCSA was used to predict resultant lateral force vectors, the values differed between healthy and LPD subjects (～2 and ～5.3°, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Chronic LPD patients had more laterally directed predicted resultant force vectors than healthy subjects. Our preliminary results suggest that biomechanical models of the quadriceps mechanism in patients with chronic LPD and healthy subjects can be created in healthy subjects and patients with chronic LPD using DT‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:663–670. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

膝关节外侧副韧带MRI定位方法研究

目的改进膝关节磁共振成像（MRI）中膝关节外侧副韧带的定位方法,提高膝关节外侧副韧带（1ateral col-1atera lligament,LCL）的全程显示率和诊断膝关节外侧副韧带损伤的正确率。方法2010年11月～2012年7月我院212例患者共217个膝关节随机人组研究,记录在膝关节MRI外侧矢状面测量所得的腓骨长轴与膝关节间隙平面之间的夹角度数。在正中矢状面以该夹角度数来完成膝关节MRI斜冠状面定位。获得与腓骨长轴平行的膝关节斜冠状面MRIT2WI图像,观察外侧副韧带在斜冠状面上的显示情况。I级为韧带在单一层面全程显示,Ⅱ级为韧带在两个连续层面显示,Ⅲ级为韧带在两个以上层面显示。运用SPSS16．0统计软件进行卡方检验,分析膝关节外侧副韧带显示结果与性别、年龄、左右侧及定位角度之间的关系。结果用与腓骨长轴平行的膝关节斜冠状面MRIT2WI来显示膝关节外侧副韧带,LCLI级显示203个,LCLⅡ级显示13个,LCLnl级显示1个,定位角度71°～88°,平均78．30°±3．87°;膝关节外侧副韧带I级显示率与性别（P=285）、年龄（P=0．065）、左右侧（P=0．277）及定位角度（P=0．433）相关性均无统计学意义。结论与腓骨长轴平行的膝关节MRI斜冠状面是显示膝关节外侧副韧带的最佳层面,利用腓骨长轴与关节间隙平面的夹角定位,方法简单、结果准确。     

幼儿发育性髋关节脱位髋臼指数的MRI研究

目的 :了解幼儿发育性髋关节脱位髋臼指数与其实际髋臼状况的关系。方法 :对 3 2例平均年龄 17.5个月单侧发育性髋关节脱位患儿的双髋关节在冠状面上进行MRI扫描 ,测量MRI骨性髋臼指数、MRI软骨性髋臼指数 ,并与X线片上髋臼指数进行对比。结果 :正常侧X线片髋臼指数比MRI骨性髋臼指数平均小 2 .1° ,比MRI软骨性髋臼指数平均大 16.6°。脱位侧X线片髋臼指数比MRI骨性髋臼指数平均小 2 .4° ,比MRI软骨性髋臼指数平均大 2 6°。结论 :X线髋臼指数能够反映幼儿发育性髋关节脱位的骨与软骨的发育状况     

MRI of cervical facet dislocation

The MRI examinations of eight patients with cervical vertebral dislocation demonstrated by conventional radiography were reviewed. All patients had axial and sagittal T 1- and T 2-weighted imaging on a 1.5-T unit. This revealed unilateral partial facet dislocation (in two patients), bilateral partial facet dislocation (in two), unilateral complete dislocation (in two) and bilateral complete facet dislocation (in two). In six patients there was cord contusion, three had focal disc protrusions and four unilateral absence of normal flow void in one of the cervical vertebral arteries. In all cases, the dislocated facets were shown well on the far-lateral sagittal images. Received: 19 September 1996 Accepted: 29 November 1996