HPLC法测定独一味制剂中山栀苷甲酯

目的:建立独一味制剂中山栀苷甲酯的HPLC测定方法,为进一步控制独一味制剂的质量提供良好的参考。方法:采用HPLC反向色谱柱Symmetry C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),梯度洗脱,0～9min乙腈-水(9∶91),9～20min乙腈-水(15∶85),流速1.0mL·min-1,柱温20℃,检测波长235nm。结果:山栀苷甲酯浓度在9.6～115.2μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好;加样回收率为97.69%。从所有的制剂中均检测出山栀苷甲酯,但含量差别较大。结论:该方法准确、简便、专属性强、重现性好,适用于独一味制剂中山栀苷甲酯的含量测定。     

HPLC同时测定奇正消痛贴膏中3种成分的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC同时测定奇正消痛贴膏中山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、2’,4’-二羟基查尔酮的含量。方法:采用Syncronis C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-0.05%磷酸水梯度洗脱(B)(0~12 min 11%A;12~17 min,11%~18%A;17~25 min,18%A;25~40 min,60%A),检测波长235 nm(0~24 min,检测山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯)和365 nm(24.01~50 min,检测2’,4’-二羟基查尔酮)。结果:在48 min内消痛贴膏中的山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、2’,4’-二羟基查尔酮分离良好,依次在15.12~90.72(r=0.999 9),15.90~95.40(r=0.999 9),4.50~27.00 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9)呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为97.12%,104.90%,105.63%。结论:该方法简便、可靠、重复性好,适用于测定奇正消痛贴膏中山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、2’,4’-二羟基查尔酮的含量,可用于制剂质量控制。     

基于UPLC的独一味中8种成分测定及其含量影响因素初步研究

建立同时测定独一味中胡麻属苷、山栀苷甲酯、绿原酸、咖啡酸、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、连翘酯苷B、木犀草苷和麦角甾苷8种成分含量的方法。采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,2.6μm)以乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱(0~10 min,6%~14.5%A;10~18.5 min,14.5%~17%A;18.5~23 min,17%~18%A),流速1.0 m L·min-1,检测波长238,320,350 nm,柱温30℃。结果发现8个成分分离度良好,在线性范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.999 8),平均加样回收率96.61%~100.4%。该方法操作简便,专属性好,精密度高,可用于独一味药材的鉴别及质量评价。研究表明,独一味各类成分之间具有相关性;产地是影响独一味成分含量的主要因素;退化梯度对其含量影响不明显;样品储藏一年后胡麻属苷含量显著降低。     

HPLC梯度洗脱法测定山栀苷甲酯、8-0-乙酰山栀苷甲 酯在独一味中含量

目的 建立独一味中山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯的HPLC检测方法.方法 色谱柱Dikma platisil C18( 250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),柱温35℃,以乙腈-水进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长235 nm.结果 山栀苷甲酯进样量在0.023 0～3.450 0 μg范围内呈良好...     

RP-HPLC同时测定不同产地独一味药材中4种环烯醚萜苷

目的建立RP-HPLC同时测定不同产地独一味药材中4种环烯醚萜苷单体量的方法。方法采用Sym-metryC18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相:0～11min乙腈-水(11∶89),11～35min乙腈-水(11∶89～15∶85)。体积流量:1.0mL/min,检测波长:235nm。结果山栀苷甲酯在5.0～100μg/mL线性关系良好,加样回收率为103.1%,RSD为2.0%。螃蟹甲苷Ⅱ(phloyosideⅡ)在1.0～50μg/mL线性关系良好,加样回收率为97.2%,RSD为1.3%。番木鳖苷甲酯在1.0～50μg/mL线性关系良好,加样回收率为101.3%,RSD为1.5%。8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯在5.0～100μg/mL线性关系良好,加样回收率为102.8%,RSD为1.2%。10批不同产地独一味药材中山栀苷甲酯量为0.3%～1.41%,螃蟹甲苷Ⅱ量为0.0%～0.45%,番木鳖苷甲酯量为0.02%～2.3%,8-O-乙酰山栀子苷甲酯量为1.05%～2.95%。结论实验建立的环烯醚萜苷测定方法准确可靠,适于独一味药材中环烯醚萜苷类量的测定。不同产地独一味药材中环烯醚萜苷量存在较大差异。     

HPLC测定独一味不同制剂中4种环烯醚萜苷的含量

目的:建立独一味不同制剂中4种环烯醚萜苷的含量测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱Waters Symmetry(3.5μm,3.5 mm×100 mm),柱温:25℃,流动相:甲醇-水梯度洗脱(0～8 min,12%～15%;8～11 min,15%～27%;11～15 min,27%;15～18 min,27%～40%;18～25 min,40%-48%;25～27 min,60%甲醇),流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长:235 nm.结果:胡麻属苷在0.236～1.18 μg、山栀苷甲酯在0.440～2.20μg、7,8-dehydropenstemoside在0.094～0.470 μg、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯在0.750～3.75μg的浓度范围内线性关系良好,回收率均在96%～104%之间,RSD均小于5%.结论:此方法准确可靠,重复性好,结果稳定,可作为独一味制剂质量控制的方法.     

HPLC测定藏药螃蟹甲中5个环烯醚萜苷的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC同时测定藏药螃蟹甲中5种环烯醚萜苷的含量.方法:色谱柱为Symmetry C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱,0～5min,7%A,5～10min,7%～12%A,10～40min,12%A;流速1.0ML·min-1;柱温20℃,检测波长235nm.结果:sesamoside,山栀苷甲酯,7,8-dehydropenstemoside,penstemoside和8-0-乙酰山栀苷甲酯分别在0.050～0.650(r=0.9993),0.050～0.350(r=0.9995),0.040～0.280(r=0.9994),0.010～0.070(r=0.9996),0.040～0.280(r=0.9997)g·L-1与峰面积线性关系良好;平均加样回收率均96%～104%,RSD均小于5.0%(n=6).结论:此方法简便、准确,重复性好,结果稳定,可作为螃蟹甲药材的质量控制方法.     

独一味、螃蟹甲、糙苏和萝卜秦艽中5个环烯醚萜苷的含量测定

目的:建立测定独一味、螃蟹甲、糙苏和萝卜秦艽中5个环烯醚萜苷含量的HPLC方法。方法:色谱柱为Symmetry C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱,0~5 min:6%A;5~10 min:6%~12%(A);10~40 min:12%(A);流速1.0 mL/min;柱温20℃,检测波长235 nm。结果:sesamoside、山栀苷甲酯、7,8-de-hydropenstemoside、penstemoside和8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯分别在50~650μg/mL(r=0.9995),50~350μg/mL(r=0.9995),40~280μg/mL(r=0.9997),10~70μg/mL(r=0.9997),40~280μg/mL(r=0.9994)范围间与峰面积线性关系良好;平均加样回收率均在96%~104%之间,RSD均小于5%(n=6)。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于分析独一味、螃蟹甲、糙苏和萝卜秦艽中5个环烯醚萜苷的含量。     

8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和山栀苷甲酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学分析

目的:建立超高效液相串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测大鼠体内8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和山栀苷甲酯血药浓度的方法,并考察二者在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。方法:利用乙腈沉淀蛋白法处理血浆样品,检测条件为流动相乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~1.5 min,20%~60%A;1.5~2 min,60%~95%A;2~2.5 min,95%A;2.5~2.6 min,95%~20%A;2.6~3 min,20%A),流速0.4 m L·min-1,柱温40℃,进样量2μL,内标物为芦丁;采用正离子多离子反应监测(MRM)扫描。结果:血浆中8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和山栀苷甲酯的线性范围均为1~250μg·L-1,定量下限均为0.2μg·L-1。低、中、高质量浓度8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和山栀苷甲酯质控样品的日内、日间精密度RSD均8.8%;8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯的相对回收率依次为(103.89±9.18)%,(99.34±6.63)%和(95.88±3.69)%;山栀苷甲酯的相对回收率分别为(105.33±8.64)%,(101.55±1.22)%和(96.89±5.42)%。结论:该方法操作简便、快捷、灵敏度高,适用于大鼠血浆中8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和山栀苷甲酯的药代动力学研究。     

HPLC法测定独一味根中环烯醚萜苷和苯乙醇苷

目的建立HPLC法,同时测定独一味根中4种环烯醚萜苷胡麻属苷、山栀苷甲酯、7,8-dehydropenstemoside、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯和2种苯乙醇苷连翘酯苷、毛蕊花糖苷。方法采用高效液相色谱法,Waters Symmetry柱(100 mm×3.5 mm,3.5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为甲醇-水,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长235、332 nm。结果胡麻属苷在0.236～1.410μg、山栀苷甲酯在0.440～2.640μg、7,8-dehydropenstemoside在0.094～0.564μg、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯在0.750～4.500μg、连翘酯苷在0.698～4.180μg、毛蕊花糖苷在0.455～2.730μg线性关系良好,回收率均在96.75%～103.97%,RSD均小于2%。结论此方法同时测定了独一味根中6种化学成分,方法分离度好,快速,简便,结果稳定。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.