治疗帕金森病的刺五加胶囊成型工艺的研究

目的：探讨刺五加胶囊的成型工艺。方法：考察不同辅料对主药吸湿性的影响;以颗粒的合格率作为指标,筛选最佳制粒成型工艺条件,并考察颗粒的临界相对湿度,休止角及堆密度。结果：主药与可溶性淀粉、微晶纤维素按40%：45%：15%的比例混匀,加入70%乙醇制软材,20目筛制粒,所得颗粒的休止角为33.5?,堆密度为0.38g/ml,临界相对湿度为66%。结论：该成型工艺合理、可行,为大生产提供了科学依据。     

桂栀助眠胶囊成型工艺研究

目的筛选桂栀助眠胶囊的最佳成型工艺。方法以吸湿率和休止角为评价指标,筛选出适当的辅料,并对主药与辅料的比例进行优化;以制粒情况、颗粒收得率和成型率为指标,筛选出最佳乙醇浓度;考察颗粒的吸湿率、休止角、堆密度、临界相对湿度。结果最佳成型工艺为:主药与微晶纤维素、可溶性淀粉按6∶3∶1比例混匀,加入75%乙醇制软材,过24目筛制粒,真空干燥(0.08～0.1MPa,60℃)4h,整粒。所得颗粒休止角为29.30°,吸湿率为8.95%,堆密度为0.444 8 g/mL,临界相对湿度为74.27%。结论本研究所得成型工艺合理、可行,可为桂栀助眠胶囊大生产提供依据。     

降粘胶囊成型工艺研究

目的研究降粘胶囊制剂的成型工艺。方法考察不同辅料对浸膏粉吸湿性的影响;以颗粒的合格率作为指标,筛选出最佳湿法制粒成型工艺条件,并考察颗粒的临界相对湿度、休止角及堆密度。结果糊精、微晶纤维素与浸膏粉按6∶3∶1的比例混匀,以95%为润湿剂,过2号筛制粒;制得颗粒抗湿能力强,流动性好,临界相对湿度为66%,堆密度为0.4907g·ml-1。结论该成型工艺合理、可行,为大生产提供了科学依据。     

乳疾宁胶囊成型工艺研究

目的:研究乳疾宁胶囊的成型工艺。方法:考察不同辅料对浸膏粉吸湿性的影响;以颗粒的合格率作为指标,筛选最佳制粒成型工艺条件,并考察颗粒的临界相对湿度,休止角及堆密度。结果:微晶纤维素为辅料抗湿性能较好,浸膏粉与辅料按7∶3的比例混匀,加入95%乙醇0.25倍制软材;制得颗粒流动性较好,临界相对湿度为50%,堆密度为0.466 g.mL-1。结论:该成型工艺合理、可行,为大生产提供了科学依据。     

五子补肾胶囊成型工艺研究

目的探讨五子补肾胶囊的成型工艺。方法以吸湿率为指标考察辅料的种类和配比,并考察颗粒的休止角、堆密度和临界相对湿度。结果确定淀粉为本处方的辅料,纯浸膏与淀粉的比例为1.15∶1.25,80%乙醇湿法制粒,60℃下干燥,制得颗粒流动性好,临界相对湿度应为62%。结论该成型工艺合理、可行,为大生产提供了依据。     

肺心宁胶囊成型工艺研究

目的:筛选肺心宁胶囊的成型工艺条件。方法:通过制粒改善肺心宁干浸膏粉的吸湿性,以吸湿率、成型率、休止角、堆密度为指标筛选辅料和润湿剂。结果:以甘露醇∶乳糖=1∶1为辅料,以95%乙醇为润湿剂时最佳,其临界相对湿度为73.00%。结论:成品颗粒流动性好,吸湿率、成型率、休止角、堆密度均符合要求,为肺心宁胶囊工艺条件的确定提供了依据。     

润肺散结胶囊成型工艺的研究

目的探讨润肺散结胶囊的成型工艺。方法以临界相对湿度、吸湿曲线、休止角、堆密度等微粉学特征为考察筛选指标,筛选出处方中加入辅料的种类、配比及最佳的成型工艺条件。结果以主药与混合辅料(淀粉:微晶纤维:微粉硅胶:硬脂酸镁=1∶1∶1∶1)的比例为10∶1较为适宜。临界相对湿度应为48%。结论该成型工艺合理可行,为实际大生产提供了依据。     

枸杞叶总黄酮胶囊成型工艺的优化

目的优化枸杞叶总黄酮胶囊成型工艺。方法以吸湿率、休止角为评价指标,筛选辅料种类。以乳糖与可溶性淀粉用量比例、主药与辅料用量比例、乙醇体积分数、微粉硅胶用量为影响因素,休止角、吸湿率、颗粒成型率、堆密度为评价指标,正交试验优化成型工艺。结果最优条件为乳糖与可溶性淀粉用量比例2:1,主药与辅料用量比例1:4,乙醇体积分数80%,微粉硅胶用量12%,过20目筛制粒,40℃下干燥30 min,休止角为28.18°,吸湿率为0.039%,颗粒成型率为93.12%,堆密度为0.42 g/mL,临界相对湿度为68%,含水量为3.7%,10 min内有效成分溶出度为100%。结论该方法合理可行,可为枸杞叶总黄酮胶囊的工业生产提供依据。     

中药复方愈溃胶囊成型工艺研究

目的筛选中药复方愈溃胶囊的成型辅料及工艺条件。方法以吸湿率为指标,筛选辅料;以制粒难易程度,制得颗粒的均匀性及收得率为指标,确定制粒工艺条件;考察颗粒的临界相对湿度,休止角,堆密度,确定胶囊号及装量。结果乳糖为辅料抗湿性能好;浸膏粉与辅料按9∶1的比例混匀,以95%乙醇为润湿剂,过2号筛制粒;制得颗粒流动性好,临界相对湿度为67.5%,堆密度为0.608 7 g/ml,采用1号胶囊分装,每粒装量0.3 g。结论该研究为大生产成型工艺条件的确定和生产环境的控制提供了实验依据。     

玉竹滋阴颗粒成型工艺

摘 要 目的:优选玉竹滋阴颗粒的成型工艺,并考察以最佳成型工艺制备颗粒的物理特性。方法:以吸湿率、颗粒收率、制粒情况、溶化性、颗粒外观为指标,筛选填充剂种类;以制粒情况、颗粒收率为指标,筛选润湿剂种类及用量。再对以最佳成型工艺制备的颗粒进行吸湿曲线、临界相对湿度、休止角的测定。结果:玉竹滋阴颗粒的最佳工艺参数为:以糊精为填充剂,干膏粉与糊精按2∶1混匀,润湿剂为85%乙醇,用量为干膏粉与辅料总重的15%。最佳成型颗粒的临界相对湿度为73%,休止角为29.8°。结论:玉竹滋阴颗粒所选辅料合理,成型工艺可行,为该颗粒剂制粒工艺条件的确定及生产环境的控制提供了科学的实验依据。     

泽漆化学成分

目的:研究大戟属植物泽漆的化学成分。方法:采用正相硅胶色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相制备色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为大戟苷(Ⅰ)、大戟苷D(Ⅱ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、柚皮素(Ⅴ)、木犀草素(Ⅵ)、木犀草苷(Ⅶ)、4,2’,4’-三羟基查尔酮(Ⅷ)、山柰酚(Ⅸ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(Ⅹ)、咖啡酸(Ⅺ)和没食子酸乙酯(Ⅻ)。结论:化合物Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

牡荆属植物的研究进展

至今为止人们对牡荆属植物中的黃荆和蔓荆进行了较多的研究,从中发现包括黄酮类、萜类、木脂素类、甾醇类、蒽类及挥发油等在内的不同类型的多种化学成分。一些试验结果确认牡荆属植物中富含的黄酮类化合物可用于延缓衰老,防治心血管疾病等作用,显示有较好的开发应用价值。由于牡荆属植物在我国分布广泛,植物种类多样,其中很多品种已作为民间用药,如果附加科学内涵加以研究开发,该属植物将有巨大的消费市场,同时也将会成为一种涉及民生和关系区域发展的经济作物。     

中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的研究进展

查阅近几年国内外文献,对中医药抗幽门螺杆菌的实验研究相关文献进行整理并分析。检索万方医学数据库、中国知网(CNKI)和西文生物医学期刊数据库的38篇文献,将中药抗Heticobacter pylori的体外实验、体内实验的研究进展做一总结,并分析其机制。以往的研究从有效成分的筛选、抑菌浓度实验、抗菌机制研究和中医药对幽门螺杆菌感染动物模型的疗效研究,逐步扩展到细胞分子水平的观察。在今后的实验中还应紧密结合中医理论指导,合理选择中药和复方,规范动物模型制作和辨证分型,并严谨实验设计,才能更好的说明问题,以期为中医药防治幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的更深入研究及临床应用奠定基础。     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

红药根的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、高效制备液相等方法,对红药根的甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过质谱（MS）、波谱数据分析（¹H,¹³C-NMR）进行结构鉴定。从红药根的甲醇提取物中分离7个化合物,分别鉴定为plantainoside A（1）,plantainoside B（2）,calcedarioside C（3）,calcedarioside D（4）,platyphylloside（5）,hirsutanonol（6）和hirsutanonol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）。化合物均5~7为首次从该科物中分离得到。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.