MRI诊断苗勒氏管囊肿

目的探讨MRI对苗勒氏管囊肿诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析8例苗勒氏管囊肿患者的临床症状、磁共振表现。结果所有病例均表现为前列腺中线部位，精阜水平上方，类圆形长T1，长T2信号，在各个扫描序列上其信号与尿液呈等信号，直径为1.5～3.0cm。结论根据囊性病变的临床表现，MRI征象和部位特点可以对苗勒氏管囊肿做出明确诊断。     

颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征分析

目的：分析颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的颈部囊性病变的解剖部位及多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象。结果颈部囊性病变多形状规则,边界清晰。20例甲状舌管囊肿位于正中线舌骨水平或略偏,与甲状软骨关系密切,MRI征象为长 T1长 T2信号,信号均匀,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;11例第二腮裂囊肿位多于胸锁乳突肌前内侧,MRI为囊性长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,囊肿内CT值为水样密度,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;2例表皮样囊肿位于颈中线舌骨水平、颈后部,CT扫描密度均匀,增强未见明显强化;4例会厌囊肿位于会厌前间隙内,MRI影像为囊性长T1长T2信号肿块,信号均匀,CT影像为囊性薄壁低密度肿块,密度均匀;4例淋巴管瘤主要位于颈后三角区,MRI肿块呈等T1长T2信号,内部可见分隔,囊腔大小不等,增强扫描其分隔可见强化。结论颈部不同囊性病变的解剖位置和影像学征象有一定的特点,经过综合分析,可以做出正确诊断。     

肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现,以提高诊断的准确率。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的9例肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果:9例肾上腺囊肿,5例行CT检查:1例呈圆形,2例呈椭圆形,2例呈分叶状。平扫囊肿密度均匀,CT值15~35HU,3例囊壁有钙化;增强扫描囊内均无强化,2例囊壁呈环形强化,3例囊壁无强化。4例行MR平扫:均呈长T1长T2异常信号,并且囊内可见分隔,分隔与液体相比呈短T1短T2异常信号,厚薄均匀,边缘光滑。结论:CT、MRI是肾上腺囊肿定位、定性诊断较为可靠和准确的方法。     

Rathke囊肿的CT、MRI表现与手术病理对比

目的 分析Rathke囊肿的CT和MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析23例Rathke囊肿的CT及MRI资料,并与手术病理结果对比分析.结果 23例Rathke囊肿,CT平扫15例,其中4例为低密度,4例等密度,7例高密度,囊壁均无钙化.23例MRI平扫显示病变呈圆形或类圆形,4例位于鞍内,19例位于鞍内累及鞍上.4例呈长T1长T2信号,9例呈等T1等T2信号,5例呈等T1长T2信号, 1例呈等、稍长T1长、稍长T2信号,2例呈短T1长T2信号,1例呈短T1短T2信号.22例MRI增强扫描,病变均未见强化.结论 Rathke 囊肿密度/信号变化多样与囊液成分有关,病变均未见强化.     

儿童鞍区占位性病变的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:分析儿童鞍区占位的MRI表现,探讨不同病理情况的影像特点,以提高定性诊断水平.方法:病理证实的儿童鞍区占位性病变37例纳人研究,男15例,女22例,年龄1～14岁,平均6.4±3.7岁,采用GE1.5T或3.0T超导MR成像仪,完成冠状面T1WI、T2WI和矢状面T1WI平扫,横断面、冠状面和矢状面T1WI增强,2名高级职称医师共同回顾性分析MRI表现.结果:颅咽管瘤15例(40.5%),10例囊性,5例囊实性;囊性部分呈长T1长T2信号,实性部分呈等T1等T2信号,增强扫描后囊性部分囊壁呈弧形或环行强化,实性部分呈不均匀明显强化.Rathke囊肿10例(27.0%),位于腺垂体与神经垂体之间,6例呈长T1长T2信号,4例呈短T1短T2信号.胶质瘤4例(10.8%),均呈长T1长T2信号,增强后明显强化.结论:儿童鞍区肿瘤种类繁多,但根据病灶所发生的部位和信号特征.并结合临床表现,多数能术前作出明确诊断.     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理学基础

目的:探讨脑内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的CT、MRI表现及病理学基础,以提高对此病的认识.材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的脑内典型PA 13例的CT与MRI表现.结果:位于小脑半球4例、小脑蚓部7例、右侧大脑半球2例.病变大小2.3cm×2.0cm×2.7cm～4.5cm×4.8cm×5.6cm.实性病变3例,CT平扫呈等密度软组织肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈长信号或长信号中见少量短信号的混杂信号,CT及MRI增强后均表现为均质或不均质明显增强,其中2例病灶中心见少量无增强的低信号区,1例CT平扫见钙化灶.囊实性10例,MRI平扫显示肿瘤囊性部分呈长T1、长T2信号,实性部分呈等T1长T2信号,增强扫描实性部分明显增强,囊性部分无增强,3例见明显增强壁结节,2例病变呈多房性,增强后分隔明显增强,其中1例见短T1、长T2出血灶 .结论:脑内PA的CT与MRI表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床资料有助于术前诊断.     

颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现及其临床诊断价值。方法:对29例经手术和病理证实的颅内恶性淋巴瘤患者的CT、MRI检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果:CT平扫肿瘤呈边缘相对锐利的等、高密度灶;MR扫描T1WI呈等或稍低信号灶,T2WI呈等或稍高信号灶;增强扫描肿瘤常见均匀强化,呈“握拳样”或“团块样”;肿瘤常常位于脑表面或近中线部位;多数肿瘤轻至中度水肿,占位效应轻。结论:颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现与某些神经系统病变有类似和重叠之处,但通过认真地分析影像表现并结合活检结果,CT、MR扫描有利于该病变的诊断与鉴别诊断,并减少误诊。     

脑脉络膜裂囊肿的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑脉络膜裂囊肿的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析19例脑脉络膜裂囊肿的CT和MRI表现。结果:19例病灶均位于脉络膜裂内,右侧12例和左侧7例。CT示病灶呈边界清楚的类圆形囊性,MRI显示病灶圆形或类圆形,长T1、T2信号,在各序列均与脑脊液信号一致;CT和MRI复查均未见病灶形态和信号发生变化。结论:CT和MRI均可检出脑脉络膜裂囊肿,但在明确诊断和鉴别诊断方面,MRI优于CT。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现,以期提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 选取80例经手术病理证实的支气管源性囊肿的影像学资料,并分析总结其影像表现特点。80例患者中42例行CT增强扫描,32例行CT平扫,3例行MRI平扫,3例同时行CT增强扫描与MRI平扫。结果 80例支气管源性囊肿中,72例为含液囊肿,5例为含气囊肿,3例为含气、液囊肿。其中位于纵隔者57例,肺内14例,异位9例。病灶呈类圆形、条形或分叶形。11例病灶囊壁可见点状、条状钙化。行CT增强扫描12例囊壁有轻度强化;行MRI平扫T2WI均呈高信号,T1WI呈等、稍低或稍高信号。结论 支气管源性囊肿的CT和MRI表现有一定的特点,病灶无明显强化、囊壁钙化灶及磁共振T2WI呈明显高信号等影像表现,对于其诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

苗勒管囊肿的CT诊断

目的分析苗勒管囊肿的CT平扫及经皮穿刺精囊造影术后CT扫描的影像表现,以提高对其认识。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的苗勒管囊肿11例,探讨其发生机制、检查方法、CT表现及螺旋CT多种后处理技术在诊断中的应用。结果CT平扫11例苗勒管囊肿表现为两侧精囊腺之间的椭圆形囊性低密度影,精囊造影后CT表现为充盈对比剂的椭圆形高密度病灶,境界清楚,位置居中。最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重组(MPR)显示2例射精管异位开口于苗勒管囊肿。结论CT扫描是诊断苗勒管囊肿的重要方法,螺旋CT三维重组技术对指导外科手术有重要价值。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病CT及MRI诊断

目的:探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病的CT和MRI诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例经临床随访证实的十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病的CT和MRI表现,其中21例行CT平扫及增强,9例行MRI平扫、增强以及MRCP。结果:十二指肠乳头旁憩室CT及MRI表现壶腹周围含液气囊性病灶。MRCP表现为十二指肠内侧间壶腹部突出高信号囊性病灶。25例患者中合并胆胰病变CT和/或MRI表现为胆总管及肝内胆管结石13例,胆管扩张及壁增厚强化8例,胰腺肿胀3例,胰周脂肪层模糊4例及渗出2例,肾前筋膜增厚5例,胰管串珠样扩张2例。结论:CT及MR能显示十二指肠乳头旁憩室同时显示胆胰疾病引起胆管及胰腺形态学改变,有助于十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病诊断。     

Pancreas. Part II: Tumors

Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor, affecting the head in 60-70% of cases. By the time of diagnosis, approximately 80% of tumors are unresectable. Helical CT is very effective in detection and staging of adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 76-92% for detection and an accuracy of 80-90% for staging, but it has limitations in the detection of small cancers (< or =2 cm). Multidetector CT (MDCT) has brought substantial improvements with its inherent 3D imaging capability. Mangafodipir-enhanced MRI is a problem-solving tool in the depiction of small cancers following an equivocal CT imaging result. Gadolinium-enhanced 3D gradient-echo MRI is helpful in the assessment of vascular invasion of cancer and in determining the etiology of cystic lesions. Serous cystadenoma is benign, has a lobulated contour and contains innumerable small cysts of 0.1-2 cm in diameter. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are unilocular or multilocular (fewer than six cysts), and the cyst diameter exceeds 2 cm. The presence of solid nodular components should alert the radiologist to suspect cystadenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumors are mostly hypervascular. Diagnosis of insulinoma is a challenge: they are <2 cm in 90% of cases and mostly hypervascular at CT or MRI. A combination of contrast-enhanced MDCT, MRI, endosonography, and/or somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is used to detect these small tumors. This review summarizes the imaging features of the most common pancreatic tumors and discusses the limitations of CT, MRI and endosonography.     

A boy with acute urinary retention: a Mullerian duct remnant (2006: 3b)

Vestiges of the Mullerian duct systems are found in the male and these may occasionally give rise to symptoms. We report a case of acute urinary retention in a male child secondary to a Mullerian duct remnant. Subsequent MRI was done to reach the final diagnosis.     

Pankreas

Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor, affecting the head in 60–70% of cases. By the time of diagnosis, approximately 80% of tumors are unresectable. Helical CT is very effective in detection and staging of adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 76–92% for detection and an accuracy of 80–90% for staging, but it has limitations in the detection of small cancers (≤2 cm). Multidetector CT (MDCT) has brought substantial improvements with its inherent 3D imaging capability. Mangafodipir-enhanced MRI is a problem-solving tool in the depiction of small cancers following an equivocal CT imaging result. Gadolinium-enhanced 3D gradient-echo MRI is helpful in the assessment of vascular invasion of cancer and in determining the etiology of cystic lesions. Serous cystadenoma is benign, has a lobulated contour and contains innumerable small cysts of 0.1–2 cm in diameter. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are unilocular or multilocular (fewer than six cysts), and the cyst diameter exceeds 2 cm. The presence of solid nodular components should alert the radiologist to suspect cystadenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumors are mostly hypervascular. Diagnosis of insulinoma is a challenge: they are <2 cm in 90% of cases and mostly hypervascular at CT or MRI. A combination of contrast-enhanced MDCT, MRI, endosonography, and/or somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is used to detect these small tumors. This review summarizes the imaging features of the most common pancreatic tumors and discusses the limitations of CT, MRI and endosonography.     

甲状舌管囊肿的CT诊断(附15例分析)

目的：探讨甲状舌管囊肿的CT表现及其与发病机制、病理基础的关系。方法：分析15例经手术和病理证实的甲状舌管囊肿的CT表现。结果：15例中。9例表现为颈前正中的圆形、卵圆形或不规则形囊肿，6例偏向一侧。囊肿表现为低密度者12例，等密度者3例。8例囊壁光滑，7例囊壁毛糙，10例发现囊壁内结节影。结论：甲状舌管囊肿的特征性CT表现与其发病机制、病理基础相关。     

脐尿管囊肿的CT及MRI表现

目的:探讨脐尿管囊肿的CT及MRI表现特征。方法:对6例经病理证实的脐尿管囊肿的CT及MRI表现特点进行回顾分析。结果:行CT检查4例,行MRI检查2例。6例脐尿管囊肿中2例为单纯性囊肿,4例脐尿管囊肿伴感染;囊肿位于脐与膀胱之间近中线;单纯性囊肿CT和MRI主要表现为囊壁规则,界限清楚,密度和信号均匀;伴感染者CT和MRI主要表现为多囊性,囊壁增厚,边缘不规则,与周围组织界限不清。MRI能清晰显示囊肿信号特征,囊肿与膀胱和脐尿管的关系。结论:由于脐尿管囊肿的特殊解剖位置特点,CT及MRI能做出正确定位及定性诊断,当囊肿伴感染时由于MR对囊肿信号特征性表现,并能行冠状及矢状面扫描,能清晰显示囊肿与膀胱和脐尿管的关系,对明确诊断具有极高的价值。     

中肾管囊肿的CT与MRI诊断

目的：通过回顾分析手术病理证实的中肾管囊肿的CT或MRI表现,提高中肾管囊肿CT与MRI的影像诊断水平。方法：回顾分析25例手术病理证实的中肾管囊肿的CT或MRI表现,5例行CT平扫加增强,21例行MRI平扫加增强,其中1例同时行CT和MRI平扫加增强。结果：本组病例全部为女性,单发23例,多发2例,位于输卵管系膜内19例,其中双侧2例;子宫正后方1例,腹膜后3例,下腹部2例。CT表现为圆形或卵圆形,低密度薄壁囊性肿块,边界清楚,1例腹膜后中肾管囊肿壁见多发钙化并右肾下垂、旋转不良、右侧输尿管异位;MRI表现为长T1长T2薄壁囊性肿块,1例腹膜后中肾管囊肿后壁可见一小囊;增强扫描,4例位于输卵管系膜内中肾管囊肿表现为囊壁部分弧线状强化,其余病例囊壁及囊内未见强化。结论：中肾管囊肿有其典型的发病部位,结合临床,CT或MRI可以提示中肾管囊肿的诊断,显示钙化方面CT优于MRI,显示病灶囊变结构及与周围结构之间关系,MRI检查优于CT。     

胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的 研究胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤CT、MRI表现，提高对该病的认识诊断水平。方法 3例经手术病理证实的胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤均经CT检查，其中1例还进行MR平扫和动态增强。回顾性分析其临床特征及CT、MRI表现。结果 3例患者均为年轻女性，无黄疸。CT均表现为胰头部巨大的囊实性肿块；其中1例肿块内可见钙化；1例伴有胰管轻度扩张。所有3例肝内外胆管均未见扩张。1例MR检查的病例胰头部肿块在T1WI、T2WI上呈混杂信号。增强后，CT、MRI上肿块囊壁及实性成分均明显强化。结论 胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤CT、MRI表现较具特征性，结合临床特征可在术前作出诊断。     

Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and endosonography in the local staging of carcinoma of the cervix

Thirty-seven patients with carcinoma of the cervix were prospectively staged by examination under anaesthesia (EUA), transvaginal and transrectal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pathological correlation was available for 20 patients. In the pathologically staged patients, EUA agreed with the staging in 17, understaging three patients. Endosonography agreed with the staging in 19, CT in 16 and MRI in 18 patients. For the remaining 17 patients, endosonography agreed with the EUA findings in 13, CT in 12 and MRI in 12. This study has shown that endosonography and MRI are more accurate than CT in the local staging of carcinoma of the cervix. Computed tomography was least accurate in staging early tumours and differentiating between Stage Ib and IIb disease. Lymph node involvement was detected with equal frequency by both CT and MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in identifying vaginal and bladder wall involvement and in one patient showed features due to an unsuspected early pregnancy.