Wnt信号通路与肿瘤侵袭转移的关系

近年来的研究发现，Wnt-β-catellin信号通路与肿瘤侵袭转移的相关事件如癌细胞的迁移粘附、细胞外基质的降解及肿瘤的血管生成密切相关。Wnt信号还能激活Wnt—Ca2^ 、Wnt—JNK等非正规通路，与人类肿瘤的侵袭转移也有一定关系。另外，Wnt通路还可通过与细胞内其他信号通路如K—ras、RTK及ILK介导的信号通路相互作用，在肿瘤侵袭转移过程中起重要作用。     

Wnt信号通路与肿瘤的研究进展

Wnt信号通路不仅与肿瘤侵袭转移的相关事件如癌细胞的迁移黏附、细胞外基质的降解及肿瘤的血管生成密切相关,而且在调节肿瘤干细胞的自我更新、增殖与分化中发挥重要作用,并且针对Wnt信号通路不同基因靶点的高特异性基因药物开发及其肿瘤靶向治疗方面也取得一定进展。     

信号传导通路与肿瘤侵袭和转移机制的研究进展

侵袭和转移是恶性肿瘤的生物学特性之一,涉及癌基因和抑癌基因的激活或失活,许多癌基因和抑癌基因位于不同信号传导通路的不同部位,对肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭和转移具有重要的作用.JAK-STAT、MAPK、Wnt、Notch信号传导通路与肿瘤侵袭转移的分子机制具有密切的关系.因此,深入研究信号传导通路与肿瘤侵袭和转移的机制必将为肿瘤靶向性基因治疗提供新的分子靶点和途径.     

小细胞肺癌干细胞信号通路的研究进展

小细胞肺癌是具有高度侵袭性的肺肿瘤,其主要临床特征是化疗有效率高但易在短时间内复发转移,这一特点可能与肿瘤干细胞的存在有关。肿瘤干细胞被认为是恶性肿瘤发生发展、耐药、复发及转移的根源。目前多认为肿瘤干细胞与正常干细胞有着相同的信号通路,如Hedgehog、Notch、Wnt等通路。本文就这几条信号通路在小细胞肺癌干细胞中所起的作用以及针对这几条信号通路治疗药物的研究进展和可能的信号通路交互作用等方面进行综述。     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在肿瘤耐药中的研究进展

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移,并且诱导肿瘤的耐药,是介导组织癌变的关键通路.体外实验表明,靶向抑制Wnt/β-catenin能够增强化疗药物的敏感性.因此对Wnt/β-catenin介导肿瘤耐药的深入研究将为肿瘤的治疗提供可能途径和潜在靶点.     

环指蛋白43基因及其在消化系统肿瘤中的功能

环指蛋白43(RNF43)是一种重要的泛素链接酶.作为Wnt信号通路中的拮抗蛋白,RNF43具有重要的抗肿瘤作用.RNF43突变后会引起Wnt信号通路的异常激活,进而促进细胞的侵袭、转移与增殖.除此之外,在临床抗肿瘤的研究中发现,RNF43与Wnt通路相互作用的位点有望作为肿瘤治疗的分子靶标.近年来,随着相关研究的逐渐深入,RNF43的分子结构及其与Wnt通路中相关蛋白的作用机制已经逐渐明确.而在临床研究中,RNF43蛋白的类似物及相关疫苗也显示出RNF43在肿瘤治疗中的重要地位.     

Wnt信号通路与非小细胞肺癌发生发展关系的研究进展

Wnt信号通路参与调控细胞的生长、分化、迁移和凋亡等生理过程,Wnt通路的异常活化与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关. 在非小细胞肺癌( Non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中,Wnt通路能够调节肿瘤细胞的增殖、黏附、血管生成、侵袭和转移等诸多过程. Wnt通路成员众多,它们的表达水平影响着NSCLC的预后. 深入研究Wnt通路与NSCLC发生发展的关系,对于NSCLC的个体化治疗具有指导意义. 本文就Wnt通路参与调控NSCLC发生发展的最新进展进行综述.     

Notch信号通路介导EMT与肿瘤侵袭转移的研究进展

摘 要：Notch信号通路是一个在进化过程中高度保守的信号通路,它广泛参与细胞的增殖、分化及凋亡过程,在肿瘤的发生发展,侵袭与转移过程中发挥着重要作用。上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)与恶性肿瘤的局部浸润和远处转移密切相关,研究证明介导EMT在此过程中的细胞内信号途径主要有以下几种,分别是：PI3K/AKT途径、TGF-β信号途径、Wnt信号通路、Hedgehog通路、IL-6/STAT3通路、Notch信号通路等。全文就Notch信号通路介导EMT在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用及其分子机制的研究进展作一综述。     

DNA甲基化影响鼻咽癌侵袭转移相关信号通路的研究进展

鼻咽癌（NPC）是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，具有发病隐匿、侵袭性强及易早期发生淋巴结转移等特点。多种信号通路在鼻咽癌的侵袭与转移中发挥作用，然而其具体机制尚未完全阐明。最近研究发现，鼻咽癌相关基因DNA甲基化可以通过多种信号通路影响鼻咽癌的侵袭与转移，其中主要包括Wnt/β-catenin、PI3K/AKT及MAPK等信号通路。本文围绕DNA甲基化通过上述不同信号通路影响鼻咽癌侵袭与转移的具体作用机制进行综述。     

Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路与脑胶质瘤

Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路是一种在进化中高度保守的信号通路,它参与了胚胎生长、发育、能量代谢和干细胞维持等多种生物学过程的调控.Wnt/β-catenin通路的异常激活与肿瘤的发生密切相关.探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路与脑胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、凋亡和肿瘤新生血管形成的关系将为脑胶质瘤的治疗提供新的靶点与干预措施.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。