Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors augment growth of fetal brain tissue grafts

Summary The fibroblast growth factor family of peptides (FGF's) are biological regulators which have a diverse array of activities. Among the biological responses reported are inductive effects during early embryogenesis, mitogenic activity on a variety of mesenchymally derived tissues, potent angiogenic activity and neurotrophic activity for both the peripheral and central nervous system. In vitro studies have been performed showing that the FGF's play a regulatory role in the survival and growth of neurons from several regions of the developing rat brain. By using the in vivo model of intraocular transplantation and repeated injections into the anterior chamber, we have been able to observe and follow the survival and growth of small, defined areas of central nervous system (CNS) under the influence of acidic (a) FGF or basic (b) FGF. Acidic FGF significantly enhanced growth of transplanted parietal cortex, embryonic day 17–20 [E17–20], hippocampus [E20] but not spinal cord [E14] when compared to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) vehicle alone. Parietal cortex grafts increased approximately 200% and the hippocampus grafts 100% when stimulated with aFGF. Basic FGF greatly enhanced the growth of intraocularly transplanted parietal cortex (E17–18), hippocampus (E16–17), and spinal cord (E14) by approximately 400%, 100% and 50% respectively when compared to the vehicle alone, and was thus significantly more potent than aFGF at the same concentration. Effects on all areas were seen using concentrations of aFGF down to 25 g/ml and bFGF as low as 2.5 g/ml. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies carried out on cryostat sectioned grafts suggested either no change or normalization of markers for vascularization, glial and neuronal populations. On the basis of these data, we conclude that both aFGF and bFGF may have neurotrophic effects on several brain areas during development.     

Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor messenger RNA expression in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia

Recently, we demonstrated that transient forebrain ischemia in rats leads to an early and strong induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synthesis in astrocytes in the injured brain regions. In this study, in order to clarify the targets of such raised endogenous bFGF levels, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of its receptors (flg and bek) at in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion for 20 min was investigated using an in situ hybridization technique. Transient forebrain ischemia induced an increase in the number of flg mRNA-positive cells from an early stage (24 h after ischemia) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield where delayed neuronal death occurred later (48–72 h after ischemia). This increase became more marked with the progression of neuronal death and was still evident in the same area 30 days later. The time course of the appearance and distribution pattern of flg mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield were quite similar to those of bFGF mRNA-positive cells. On the other hand, in situ hybridization for bek mRNA showed only slight and transient (observed 72 h and 5 days after ischemia) increases in the number of mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield following ischemia. The use of in situ hybridization and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in combination demonstrated that the cells in the CA1 subfield that exhibited ischemia-induced flg or bek mRNA expression were astrocytes. These data indicate that transient forebrain ischemia induces upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor expression, accompanied by increased bFGF expression in astrocytes, and suggest that the increased astrocytic bFGF levels in injured brain regions act on the astrocytes via autocrine systems and are involved in the development and maintenance of astrocytosis.     

重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子结构类似物在大肠杆菌中的高效稳定表达研究(英)

目的：用基因工程的方法获得高效稳定表达的重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子结构类似物。 方法： 利用定点突变技术，将天然hbFGF的第78与96位半胱氨酸替换为丝氨酸，通过载体pET-3c，突变基因被克隆并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS，IPTG诱导表达后，SDS-PAGE分析蛋白表达结果。 结果： 纯化后突变蛋白的可溶性成分大幅度增加，而二聚体与多聚体显著减少至纯化后总蛋白的8％以下。MTT法的结果表明，结构类似物蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。这种新的结构类似物蛋白能较好地替代天然hbFGF在临床上的使用。 结论： 在不影响生物学活性的条件下，对个别氨基酸残基进行突变以获得新的结构类似物的方法，能够有效提高外源蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达的稳定性及可溶性。     

肠道缺血再灌流对肾内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和 …

目的和方法：研究肠道缺血再灌流过程对肾脏内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子β基因表达的影响，采用肠系膜上动脉夹闭４５ｍｉｎ与再灌流６ｈ和２４ｈ动物模型，用原位杂交与逆转录ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术研究两种生长因子基因在正常，缺血以及再灌流肾组织中的表达。     

Distribution and concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in brain and pituitary of sheep

Summary We have studied the presence of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the central nervous system and pituitary of sheep. The PTH concentrations were measured radioimmunologically by two different region-specific antibodies. We could demonstrate PTH in various areas of the brain, whole pituitary, parathyroid glands and plasma of 21 sheep. Measurable concentrations of the two different parathyroid regions (35–84 and 44–68 amino acids fragments) were found in all samples.Abbreviations ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone - CT Calcitonin - CSF Cerebrospinal fluid - CPM Counts per min - Leu-ENK Leucine-enkephalin - Met-ENK Methionine-enkephalin - PTH Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone - RIA Radioimmunoassay - TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone - T₄ Thyroxine - T₃ Triiodothyronine     

金属硫蛋白参与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的心肌细胞保护作用

目的:在培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(anoxia/reperfusion,A/R)损伤模型上,观察金属硫蛋白(MT)在碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)心肌保护中的作用,探讨bFGF心肌保护作用的可能机制。方法:用bFGF(10^-10、10^-9、10^-8mol/L)及同时应用PD₀₉₈₀₅₉的bFGF(10^-9mol/L)预孵育乳鼠心肌细胞24h,复制心肌细胞A/R损伤模型,光镜下计算细胞存活率,[¹⁰⁹Cd]-血红素饱和法测细胞MT含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量,以自动生化分析仪测培养液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性。结果:bFGF呈浓度依赖地诱导心肌细胞MT生成,10^-10、10^-9、10^-8MbFGF组MT含量分别高于A/R组54%、62%、76%,并拮抗A/R引起的细胞损伤,细胞存活率高于A/R组,细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及蛋白漏出较少,细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量低于A/R组,而用丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)抑制剂PD₀₉₈₀₅₉抑制MT生成则减弱了bFGF的上述细胞保护作用。结论:MT参与了bFGF的心肌保护作用,并与MAPK的介导有关。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进大鼠随意皮瓣成活的实验研究

目的 :研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)对促进大比例超长随意皮瓣成活的作用。方法 :采用大鼠背部随意皮瓣动物模型 ,自身对照 ,于术后第一天实验组一次性局部应用bFGF 40 0IU。应用BPM2 镭射多普勒血流仪数字温度计对随意皮瓣的成活进行动态监测 ,并结合墨汁灌注制作透明标本进行形态学观察。结果 :实验组皮瓣成活率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血流值从术后第二天实验组皮瓣末端显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,皮温的变化规律与血流值相同。光镜观察透明标本 ,发现实验组皮瓣血管的再生明显多于对照组。结论 :bFGF能促进皮瓣血管的再通与增生 ,加速血液循环的重建 ,提高随意皮瓣的成活长度 ,并可达到早期断蒂的目的。     

含重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子培养基中3T3成纤维细胞在血纤维蛋白凝块上生长的可能性（英文）

目的：重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对培养条件下３Ｔ３成纤维细胞在血纤维蛋白凝块上生长的可能研究。方法：采用Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色和ＭＴＴ检测法,经过电镜扫描,分段对比观察,研究３Ｔ３细胞在血纤维蛋白凝块上的生长情况。结果：ｒｈｂＦＧＦ促进细胞生长产维持细胞存活的最佳浓度是１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ,在含有１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ的低血清培养基中细胞可在血纤维蛋白凝块生长。经４８ｈ培养以后仍有大量的细胞存活。结论：３Ｔ３成纤     

Increase of basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity and its mRNA level in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia

Summary We examined the time course of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity and its mRNA level mainly in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia using immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield was observed 72 h after 20 min of ischemia. The number of bFGF-immunoreactive(IR) cells increased 48 h–5 days after ischemia in all hippocampal regions. At 10 and 30 days, the bFGF-IR cells in the CA1 subfield had further increased in numbers and altered their morphology, enlarging and turning into typical reactive astrocytes with the advancing neuronal death in that area. In contrast, the number of bFGF-IR cells in other hippocampal regions had decreased 30 days after ischemia. The EIA study showed a drastic increase in bFGF levels in the hippocampus 48 h after ischemia (150% of that in normal rat) which was followed by further increases. In Western blot analysis, three immunoreactive bands whose molecular weights correspond to 18, 22 and 24 kDa were observed in normal rat and ischemia increased all their immunoreactivities. In the in situ hybridization study of the hippocampus, bFGF mRNA positive cells were observed in the CA1 subfield in which many bFGF-IR cells existed after ischemia. These data demonstrate that transient forebrain ischemia leads to an early and strong induction of bFGF synthesis in astrocytes, suggesting that the role of bFGF is related to the function of the reactive astrocytes which appear following brain injury.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对小鼠脾脏细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的和方法：Ｘ射线照射结合无血清培养诱导小鼠脾细胞凋亡,采用流式细胞术定量分析碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对脾细胞凋亡的抑制作用,并采用淋巴细胞转化试验「＾３Ｈ」－ＴｄＲ掺入法检测ｂＦＧＦ对脾细胞的增殖效应。结果：小鼠经过不同剂量Ｘ射线照射,脾细胞再经过不同时程无血清培养,都出现了典型了亚二倍体ＡＰ峰,１μｇ＝ｍｌ和２μｇ／ｍＬ     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠缺血心肌的保护作用

目的:观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠缺血心肌的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:实验动物分为(1)假手术组(shamcontrolgroup);(2)缺血+生理盐水组(ischemia+salinegroup);(3)缺血+bFGF组(ischemia+bFGFgroup)。结扎大鼠左冠状动脉复制缺血性心肌损伤模型。术前注入bFGF或生理盐水,于结扎后2h、4h、8h观察大鼠缺血区心肌细胞内Bcl-2、Bax的表达和血清SOD、心肌酶活性变化。结果:(1)在急性心肌缺血2h、4h时,缺血+bFGF组心肌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达明显高于缺血+生理盐水组(P＜0.01),而Bax蛋白表达显著低于缺血+生理盐水组(P＜0.05)。(2)在心肌缺血4h,缺血+bFGF组血清SOD活性明显高于缺血+生理盐水组(P＜0.01)。(3)缺血+bFGF组LDH、CK-MB、α-HBDH含量明显低于缺血+生理盐水组(P＜0.05)。结论:bFGF对大鼠缺血心肌细胞具有保护作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞成长因子对ECV304细胞迁移的影响

目的：观察不同浓度的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对体外培养中划痕损伤后ECV304细胞迁移的影响。方法： 在体外细胞划痕损伤模型中应用显微电视电脑图像处理系统定量测定不同浓度(0、5、10、15 μg/L)bFGF引起的ECV304细胞迁移的变化，用光镜与扫描电镜观察bFGF引起的迁移细胞的形态变化。结果： 与不加bFGF的对照组比较，低浓度(5 μg/L)时bFGF对ECV304细胞的迁移呈促进作用；高浓度时(15 μg/L)呈抑制作用。迁移细胞表面有众多丝状伪足。结论： bFGF对体外培养的ECV304细胞的迁移有双相调节作用，低浓度时(5 μg/L)促进细胞迁移，高浓度时(15 μg/L)抑制细胞迁移。迁移细胞表面伪足丰富，以丝状伪足为主。     

ET-1和bFGF促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的协同作用及其机制研究

目的:观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和内皮素-1(ET-1)促进血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的协同作用,并进一步研究可能的机制。方法:5-溴-2’-脱氧尿嘧啶(BrdU)掺入法和细胞计数法观察对VSMC增殖的影响,Western免疫印迹法观察ET-1对VSMCbFGF和成纤维细胞生长因子受体-1(FGFR-1)蛋白表达的影响。结果:bFGF和ET-1能协同促进VSMCBrdU掺入和细胞增多,并且在一定剂量和时间范围内呈量效、时效关系。同时ET-1剂量依赖性上调bFGF和FGFR-1蛋白,表达高峰分别为24和48h,二丁酸佛波脂(PDBU)预耗竭细胞内蛋白激酶C(PKC)后该上调作用显著下降。结论:bFGF和ET-1对VSMC增殖具有协同作用,与ET-1上调bFGF和FGFR-1蛋白有关,上调作用呈PKC依赖性。     

肝素酶和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与非小细胞肺癌转移和预后的关系

目的 探讨肝素酶(heparanase)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表达的临床意义及其与肺癌转移和预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学、原位杂交和Western blot方法,检测115例人NSCLC石蜡切片和45例新鲜肺癌及对应癌旁正常组织中肝素酶和bFGF的表达情况。采用χ^2检验、t检验、生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归等方法分析肝素酶和bFGF分别表达及共表达的意义。结果 免疫组织化学染色证实肝素酶(91／115)和bFGF(89／115)主要表达在癌细胞质和(或)细胞膜中,在正常肺泡上皮和支气管上皮中则呈阴性表达。Western blot也证实肝素酶在肺癌中的表达明显增高(P=0．041)。统计分析结果显示：肝素酶和bFGF的表达具有明显的一致性(P：0．0001),二者单独表达和共表达均与肺癌的分期、血管侵袭、淋巴结转移、微血管密度和预后有关,其中,二者共表达时与分期和微血管密度的相关性更显著;另外,bFGF还与肺癌的分化程度有关。多因素分析结果显示,肺癌的分化程度、血管浸润、淋巴结转移和bFGF的表达可以作为判断肺癌预后的危险因素,但肝素酶不是影响预后的独立因素。结论 肝素酶和bFGF均与肺癌的转移、血管生成和预后密切相关。     

Distribution of atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain

Using antisera generated in rabbits against rat atriopeptin III [alpha-rANP(5-28)] and human alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide we mapped the distribution of atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactivity throughout the rat central nervous system. Cell bodies were observed in the telencephalon (nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis and between the amygdala centralis and medialis), throughout the diencephalon in all nuclei of the "anteroventral third ventricle", the base of the hypothalamus, the subzona incerta area, the medial forebrain bundle and the medial habenula, in the mesencephalon (mamillary body, substantia nigra lateralis, dorsal and ventral parabrachial nuclei) and very sparse in the medulla oblongata along the fourth ventricle towards the vestibular nuclei, the nucleus tractus solitarii and nervi trigemini. Fibers were present wherever cell bodies were located. The highest relative densities were observed in the anteroventral third ventricle area and the medial habenula. Sparse fibers were also seen in the spinal cord (dorsal and ventral horn and around the central canal) and in the posterior pituitary. The predominance of the atrial natriuretic factor-like perikarya and fibers in the anteroventral third ventricle area suggests an involvement of this peptide in central blood pressure control.     

基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠视网膜神经节细胞的影响

目的:研究基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rbFGF)对大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)的影响。方法:大鼠在视神经部分损伤后,球后注射生理盐水、维生素B₁₂、rbFGF,伤后4周进行轴突定量、视网膜神经节细胞定量以及RGCs凋亡的检测,观察视神经损伤修复情况。结果:伤后4周时,生理盐水和维生素B₁₂对RGCs无挽救作用,800U、1600U和2400U的rbFGF对RGCs挽救率分别为24.5%、27.3%、28.5%,800UrbFGF组、1600UrbFGF组和2400UrbFGF组未发生溃变的轴突数分别是损伤未治疗组的2.03、2.43、2.31倍。流式细胞仪检测结果显示:rbFGF治疗7d后,RGCs凋亡率显著减少。结论:rbFGF可提高视网膜神经节细胞的存活率,减少轴突溃变,有抗凋亡作用,对视神经损伤有显著的促功能修复作用。     

Identification of basic fibroblast growth factor-like proteins in African trypanosomes and Leishmania.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multifunctional, heparin-binding, mitogenic polypeptide found in all tissues or cells of multicellular organisms so far examined. Here we report that Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense procyclic culture forms (PCF) and Leishmania donovani promastigotes grown in serum-containing and serum-free medium, contained peptides of 15-34 kDa which bound heparin-sepharose with high affinity and which reacted in immunoblots with several preparations of antibodies specific for bovine brain bFGF. Similar peptides were not detectable in foetal bovine serum. Immunofluorescence studies showed bFGF-like molecules to have a cytoplasmic distribution in both species growing in serum-free media. A nuclear and/or perinuclear distribution of immunoreactivity was also observed in parasites which had been grown in the presence of serum. The data indicate that both species of parasites synthesize their own bFGF-like molecules. Association of an ubiquitous growth factor with parasitic protozoa may play an important role in parasite multiplication and in host-parasite interactions.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对兔血管舒张功能及左旋精氨酸/一氧化氮途径的影响

目的：本文观察了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对离体主动脉舒张反应,一氧化氮（ＮＯ）生成及左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运的影响。方法：离体大鼠主动脉环测定张力,主动脉薄片孵育测定ＮＯ生成和Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运。结果：ｂＦＧＦ呈剂量依赖性地诱导血管内皮依赖性舒张,增加血管低亲和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的最大转运速度（与对照组比较增加４５％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,显著增加ＮＯ的产生（比对照组增加４３％）。结论：ｂＦＧＦ可增加Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运,对内皮衍生舒张因子／一氧化氮（ＥＤＲＦ／ＮＯ）系统具有重要的调节作用