消痰散结方对裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤组织形态学的影响

目的通过建立裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤模型,从组织形态学变化,探讨消痰散结方抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法采用OB胶粘贴法建立裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植模型,随机分为模型组,消痰散结低、中、高剂量组,5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）组,每组8只,观察各组荷瘤鼠肿瘤生长情况、抑瘤率、大体及超微结构变化。结果（1）模型组、消痰散结方低、中、高剂量组动物实验前后体重变化与5-Fu组相比差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）消痰散结方低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率分别为36.62%、44.82%、58.11%,呈现出剂量依赖效应,且消痰散结方高剂量组抑瘤率高于5-Fu组（51.82%）,但差异无统计学意义。（3）光镜下模型组可见肿瘤细胞增生明显,核大畸形,核仁深染,核质比大,核分裂相多见;消痰散结方组肿瘤细胞数目减少,核质比小,瘤组织可见片状坏死;5-Fu组可见大片状坏死。（4）电镜下模型组细胞增殖、分裂多见;消痰散结方各剂量组凋亡细胞居多,可见细胞核固缩等典型的凋亡形态学变化;5-Fu组可见异染色质边集,并可见细胞坏死。结论消痰散结方对裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤有较好的抑制肿瘤生长作用,可明显地促进胃癌细胞凋亡、抑制胃癌细胞增殖,有效抑制胃癌发展。     

白藜芦醇预防性给药诱导裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞凋亡的观察

目的研究白藜芦醇预防性给药诱导裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞凋亡的作用。方法用胃癌MGC-803细胞株建立裸鼠胃癌移植瘤模型,通过白藜芦醇预防性给药,采用瘤体体积计算、透射电镜及原位末端标记染色（TUNEL）方法观察不同剂量白藜芦醇对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长和细胞凋亡的影响。所有数据均以（x±s）表示,数据分析采用SPSS13.0软件,多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析,用SNK-q检验进行两两比较,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果白藜芦醇中、高剂量组能明显抑制裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长,抑制率达到49.38%（P〈0.05）;电镜观察白藜芦醇各用药组出现凋亡细胞的典型形态;TUNEL法检测模型组、白藜芦醇低、中和高剂量组的凋亡细胞阳性表达率（%）分别为（14.254±4.344）,（31.270±4.461）,（44.082±3.436）和（58.809±4.060）（P〈0.01）,随着白藜芦醇用药剂量的增加,肿瘤细胞凋亡率上升。结论通过预防性给药,白藜芦醇能够抑制裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长,诱导裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞发生凋亡。     

亚油酸/二十二碳六稀酸对胃癌细胞凋亡作用

目的 探讨不同比例亚油酸(LA)/二十二碳六稀酸(DHA)对人胃癌细胞株MKN-45的抑制作用.方法 采用均匀设计法初筛出LA/DHA抑制MKN-45增殖的较佳比例,采用随机区组法确定促进胃癌细胞凋亡的最佳比例;采用LA/DHA最佳比例混合脂肪酸干预MKN-45裸小鼠移植模型6周,观察裸鼠肿瘤重量、肿瘤体积变化及毒副反应情况;肿瘤组织HE染色观察肿瘤细胞形态学改变.结果 经均匀设计和随机区组筛选,LA/DHA比例为1:3时,浓度为40:120μmol/L时,对肿瘤细胞的抑制效果最佳(P<0.05);与对照组比较,1:3 LA/DHA混合脂肪酸高剂量组瘤体抑制率为21.97%,瘤重的抑制率为18.09%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肿瘤组织病理切片显示,高剂量组和抗癌药物阳性对照组的肿瘤组织中出现不同程度坏死;高剂量组毒副反应不明显.结论 LA/DHA比例为1:3可诱导人胃癌MKN-45细胞凋亡;LA/DHA高剂量组有一定抑瘤作用,并且无明显毒副反应.     

科罗索酸对人结肠癌LoVo细胞裸鼠移植瘤的 抑制作用研究

摘要:目的　探讨科罗索酸对人结肠癌LoVo细胞株裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响极其作用机制。方法　LoVo细胞接种于裸鼠皮下制备裸鼠移植瘤模型。将造模成功的小鼠随机分成4组,分别灌胃给予0 mg/kg、5 mg/kg、10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg科罗索酸。每3 d测量肿瘤体积,连续给药24 d后剥离瘤块称重,计算抑瘤率;TUNEL技术检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot检测细胞总STAT3及p-STAT3的表达。结果　科罗索酸低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别是18.1%,45.7%（P＜0.05）和63.6%（P＜0.01）,肿瘤细胞的凋亡比率分别是（7.7±2.8）%,（13.3±4.3）%（P＜0.05）,（18.9±5.1）%（P＜0.01）,并呈剂量依赖性的抑制STAT3活化。结论　科罗索酸可抑制LoVo裸鼠移植瘤的生长,促进细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制STAT3的活化有关。     

重组人生长激素对荷人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的研究重组人生长激素（rhGH）对生长激素受体（GHR）不同表达状态裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。方法采用免疫细胞化学染色法筛选出GHR阳性和阴性表达的细胞株各1株，分别接种于24只裸鼠皮下。将两种细胞接种裸鼠均随机分为对照组（0．9％NaCl，0．2ml／d）、低剂量rhGH组（0．5U·kg^-1·d^-1，0．2ml／d）和高剂量rhGH组（2．5U·kg^-1·d^-1，0．2mL／d）3组，每组8只，各组均连续给药14d，观察并记录裸鼠体重和肿瘤体积变化；采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组裸鼠血清VEGF含量，免疫组织化学方法检测胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达，RT-PCR方法检测胃癌组织VEGFmRNA水平变化。结果筛选出GHR阳性表达的人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和阴性表达的MKN-45。对于GHR^＋SGC-7901接种裸鼠，rhGH给药组皮下移植瘤体积较对照组增大（P〈0．05），且高剂量rhGH组促增长效应最为显著（P〈0．05），3组间体重差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；高剂量rhGH组的血清VEGF浓度为（252．94±15．32）ng／L，明显高于对照组的（49．94±5．73）ng／L和低剂量rhGH组的（167．60±9．54）ng／L（P〈0．05）；对照组VEGF表达为中度阳性，rhGH给药组呈强阳性；高剂量rhGH组肿瘤组织中VEGFmRNA相对表达量为0．6470±0．0447，明显高于对照组的0．3230±0．0258和低剂量rhGH组的0．4120±0．0351（P〈0．05）。对于GHR—MKN-45接种裸鼠，rhGH给药组体重明显大于对照组（P〈0．05）；肿瘤体积大小、血清VEGF水平、肿瘤组织VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达，3组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论rhGH能促进GHR阳性表达的SGC-7901移植瘤生长，并促进VEGF表达增高；对于GHR阴性的MKN-45移植瘤，则没有表现出明显的促肿瘤生长及促VEGF表达效应。GHR存在可能是rhGH影响VEGF分泌的关键靶点。     

酒石酸锑钾对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤增殖细胞核抗原的影响

目的 探讨酒石酸锑钾（potassium antimony tartrate,PAT）对人结肠癌移植瘤裸鼠模型抑瘤及凋亡诱导作用.方法 60只裸鼠皮下注射结肠癌细胞株SW480建立移植瘤模型,随机分为4组（n=15）.分别为生理盐水组、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）50 mg/（Kg·d）组、酒石酸锑钾组[（20 mg/（Kg·d）和40 mg/（Kg·d）],给药15 d,每3日测量肿瘤大小1次,绘制肿瘤生长曲线;末次给药24 h后,免疫组织化学法检测结肠癌细胞增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达.结果 使用PAT后,肿瘤体积增长较慢,PAT处理组细胞PCNA表达[（63.63±8.88）%,（59.13±6.15）%,（33.38±12.76）%]较对照组[（69.88±8.81）%]明显下调（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.结论 PAT能有效抑制结肠癌细胞生长和诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡.     

白藜芦醇对裸鼠移植瘤bcl-2与bax基因表达影响

目的 探讨白藜芦醇预防性给药对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax表达影响。方法 胃癌MGC-803细胞建立裸鼠胃癌移植瘤模型,白藜芦醇低(50 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)和高(150 mg/kg)剂量预防性给药;透射电镜、原位末端标记染色(TUNEL)法观察各组裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞凋亡发生情况,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫组化法检测各组裸鼠胃癌移植瘤组织内bcl-2、bax基因和蛋白表达情况。结果 白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量用药组细胞凋亡情况明显高于模型组,中、高剂量组bcl-2值分别为(0.26±0.072)和(0.24±0.083),低于模型组(0.41±0.056),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组bax值分别为(1.31±0.11)和(1.47±0.089),高于模型组(1.17±0.045),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫组化结果显示bcl-2蛋白表达低于模型组,而bax蛋白表达高于模型组。结论 白藜芦醇诱导裸鼠胃癌移植瘤细胞凋亡作用与上调bax和下调bcl-2表达有关。     

人参瓜蒌莪术汤对小鼠lewis肺癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨人参瓜蒌莪术汤对lewis肺癌模型小鼠的治疗作用及机制。方法建立小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型,分为模型对照组（NS组）,环磷酰胺对照组（CP组）,人参瓜蒌莪术汤高剂量组（RGEH组）、中剂量组（RGE组）、低剂量组（RGEL组）。在计算抑瘤率的基础上,运用TUNEL法原位检测瘤组织细胞凋亡。结果人参瓜蒌莪术汤对小鼠Lewis肺癌表现出明显的抑制作用,中剂量组效果最为明显,抑瘤率可达47．88％;人参瓜蒌莪术汤低、中、高剂量组均能明显诱导瘤组织细胞凋亡（P〈0．01）。中、高剂量组诱导细胞凋亡作用强于环磷酰胺阳性对照组（P〈0．05）。结论人参瓜蒌莪术汤具有抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的作用,其作用机制可能与诱导肿瘤组织细胞调亡有关。     

央芪汤流浸膏敷贴制剂对胃癌动物模型的干预作用研究

目的：通过将央芪汤制作成流浸膏制剂,检测央芪汤流浸膏制剂对胃癌动物模型中瘤体的抑制作用.方法：将人胃癌 SGC-7901 细胞悬液皮下接种于裸鼠背部皮下,当接种部位肿瘤长至最大径 4～5 mm 时,将裸鼠随机分为四组 （10 只 / 组 ）：A 组 （ 央芪汤敷贴剂 ）;B 组 （ 氟尿嘧啶注射液 ） ;C 组 （ 央芪汤敷贴剂 ＋ 氟尿嘧啶注射液 ） ;D 组 （ 生理盐水对照组 ）.给药期间观察裸鼠的一般情况及移植瘤的生长状况,连续用药 24 d,并继续观察 4 d 后,颈椎脱位处死裸鼠,采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白 - 过氧化物酶法检测 bcl-2 及 caspase-3 蛋白.结果：央芪汤流浸膏可明显提高胃癌细胞株 SGC-7901 在裸鼠皮下移植瘤的 caspase-3 蛋白表达,显著抑制 SGC-7901 在裸鼠皮下移植瘤抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2 的表达.结论：央芪汤流浸膏可以明显增加荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡,有明显差异,表明央芪汤流浸膏可以通过促进胃癌细胞的凋亡达到抗肿瘤的目的.     

DC-CTL免疫细胞对卵巢上皮癌细胞的靶向性治疗研究

目的：探讨经树突状细胞（ DC）诱导的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（ CTL）免疫细胞靶向性的抑制卵巢上皮癌细胞的机制,为临床上DC-CTL治疗卵巢癌提供理论基础。方法无胸腺BALB／C／nu／nu裸小鼠48只,分为4组,每组12只,裸鼠人卵巢癌SKOV3移植瘤模型成功后用未经DC诱导的CTL免疫细胞和经DC诱导的CTL免疫细胞进行治疗,比较各组裸鼠移植瘤体积和重量、抑瘤率、移植瘤miRNAlet-7表达和HMGA2蛋白表达的差异。结果 DC-CTL组和CTL组裸鼠的移植瘤体积和移植瘤重量低于模型对照组（F值分别为8．175、6．823,均P＜0．05）,DC-CTL组裸鼠的移植瘤体积和移植瘤重量低于CTL组,且差异具有统计学意义（t＝13．244,P＜0．05）;DC-CTL组裸鼠的抑瘤率（69．57±10．81）％高于CTL组（42．35±8．15）％,且差异具有统计学意义（t＝6．965,P＜0．05）;DC-CTL组和CTL组裸鼠的移植瘤miRNAlet-7表达均高于模型对照组（F＝7．528,P＜0．05）, DC-CTL组裸鼠的移植瘤miRNAlet-7表达（1．69±0．40）高于CTL组（1．17±0．39）,且差异具有统计学意义（t＝2．964,P＜0．05）;DC-CTL组和CTL组裸鼠的HMGA2蛋白表达的ISH评分均低于模型对照组（F＝6．419,P＜0．05）,DC-CTL组裸鼠的HMGA2蛋白表达的ISH评分（15．31±1．72）低于CTL 组（17．18±1．86）,且差异具有统计学意义（t ＝3．143,P＜0．05）。结论经DC诱导的CTL免疫细胞能够明显抑制裸鼠卵巢癌移植瘤的生长,其机制可能为促进let-7表达和抑制HMGA2蛋白表达有关。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.