眼镜蛇油脂肪酸含量测定

本文应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离出眼镜蛇油中22种脂肪酸,并作了定性定量分析,为开发利用眼镜蛇油提供了依据.     

中药薏苡仁油指纹图谱的研究及应用

目的 建立薏苡仁油的HPLC指纹图谱,并应用其鉴定常见植物油.方法 采用HPLC法进行测定,色谱条件:Diamonsil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-二氯甲烷(60∶ 40);流速为1 ml/min;蒸发光散射检测器.结果 12批不同来源的薏苡仁油指纹图谱共有8个主要色谱峰,所建立的指纹图谱方法学考察结果均符合规定.结论 所建立的薏苡仁油HPLC指纹图谱分析方法简便可靠,重复性好,可作为薏苡仁油质量控制的有效方法.     

中国林蛙卵油HPLC数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立中国林蛙卵油(Forest Frogs Oviduct)HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法采用反相HPLC法以CenturySIL C18BDS柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(80∶20∶0.15),检测波长210 nm,柱温(35.0±0.15)℃,进样量20μL。用"中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0"软件进行数字化评价。结果以亚油酸(Linoleate)为参照物峰,确定21个指纹峰,获得了可以判别其质量的重要数字化信息,并以系统指纹定量法鉴别出S7、S10质量极好,其余批次的质量等级为很好。结论所建立的中国林蛙卵油HPLC数字化指纹图谱方法稳定、可靠,可用于中国林蛙卵油的质量控制。     

蟾蜍油炮制工艺及质量评价方法研究

目的 优化蟾蜍油干燥工艺,并建立以高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱及氨基酸含量测定为主的质量评价方法。方法 以氨基酸和浸出物为指标,进行蟾蜍油热风干燥、自然阴干、冷冻干燥及真空干燥工艺的优选,分别考察了热风干燥的加热温度、加热时间、物料厚度,冷冻干燥的预冻时间、冷冻干燥时间,真空干燥的温度及时间对蟾蜍油的影响。采用HPLC建立15批蟾蜍油的指纹图谱,确定共有峰并进行相似度评价;同时,采用柱前衍生化法测定氨基酸含量。结果 蟾蜍油最佳工艺为不叠加样本,50 ℃热风干燥11 h。HPLC指纹图谱中共确定7个共有峰,相似度均大于0.99;异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸质量分数分别为0.40%~0.57%、0.57%~0.78%、0.54%~0.75%、0.26%~0.86%。结论 所确定的工艺及质量评价方法简便、重复性好,可为蟾蜍油的加工炮制及质量评价提供参考。     

满山红及其制剂中满山红油的含量测定

目的:测定满山红及其制剂中有效成分满山红油的含量,以探索满山红及其制剂的质量标准。方法:用HPLC法测定不同产地的满山红及消咳喘胶囊中满山红油的含量。结果:不同产地的满山红中挥发油含量差别较大,满山红油是消咳喘胶囊中的主要活性成分之一。结论:此方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于满山红及其制剂中挥发油的测定提取,为满山红及其制剂的质量评价提供了一定的科学依据。     

甘草油的质量标准研究

摘 要 目的:探讨甘草油的质量标准,为临床甘草油的合理使用提供依据与参考。方法:采用薄层鉴别法（TLC）对甘草油进行鉴别,根据《中国药典》中有关方法对甘草油进行常规检查,设定甘草苷作为对比。采用HPLC法测定甘草油中甘草苷的药物含量;采用紫外分光光度法测定甘草油中总黄酮的含量。结果:本研究中对甘草油进行6次测量,在不同选择溶液及参比溶液,将其放置在337 nm部位完成吸光度值A的测定,结果表明:甘草油中总黄酮含量存在明显的差异,均集中在13.2096～20.0451 mg,平均值为1.81;精密称取10 μl甘草油放入液相色谱仪中,利用外标法测定甘草油中甘草苷及甘草酸含量,结果表明:不同试验下甘草油中甘草苷与甘草酸含量存在明显的差异性,甘草苷含量主要集中在0.1143～0.3743 mg,甘草酸含量为5.5433～6.3571 mg。结论:本研究起草的甘草油质量标准更加贴近我国现状,具有操作简单、方法准确、可靠等优点,具备良好的专属性、准确性,能有效的控制甘草油药材质量,值得应用。     

“辨状论质”看中药材苦杏仁走油

通过苦杏仁走油前后的质量比较,探讨苦杏仁走油变质现象的感官判别及其物质内涵。该研究对苦杏仁样品走油前后的脂肪油含量、酸值、过氧化值进行了测定,并采用HPLC,GC-MS分别检测了苦杏仁苷、苦杏仁脂肪酸等。利用电子感官仪器(色度仪、电子鼻)量化并对比苦杏仁样品走油前后的颜色、气味;同时与上述结果作相关性分析。结果显示苦杏仁走油后颜色由黄白变棕黄,出现酸味;苦杏仁苷含量下降,酸值、过氧化值显著增高,脂肪酸成分发生变化;药材的外表特征与内在质量的变化具有显著相关性。"感官分析-质量鉴别系统"能为预测中药化学成分的含量、初步判断中药优劣及质量实时监测提供一定科学依据;为中药贮藏的"事先预测、事中干预、事后鉴别"提供新的思路与参考。     

柱前衍生化HPLC法测定鸦胆子油中油酸和亚油酸的含量

目的 建立柱前衍生化HPLC法测定鸦胆子油中油酸和亚油酸的含量.方法 将鸦胆子以石油醚回流提取得到鸦胆子油,经柱前衍生化后,利用HPLC法测定油酸和亚油酸的含量.色谱条件:色谱柱为WatersSymmetry C18(150 mm×3.9 mm,5 μm),检测波长242 nm,流动相为甲醇-水(98:2),柱温:28.5 ℃,流速:1.0 mL·min-1.十七烷酸为内标.结果 油酸在0.04～0.8 mg·mL-1,亚油酸在0.02～0.6 mg·mL-1范围内具有良好的线性关系.平均加样回收率油酸为99.04%,亚油酸为96.97%.在6 min内可完成一个样品的分析.结论 本法操作简便,分析时间短,为评价和控制鸦胆子油质量提供了依据.     

鸦胆子油自微乳化颗粒在大鼠体内生物利用度考察

目的研究鸦胆子油自微乳化颗粒在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程及其相对生物利用度。方法大鼠分别灌服市售鸦胆子油口服乳剂和鸦胆子油自微乳颗粒剂,于不同时间点取血,HPLC法检测血浆中鸦胆子油的油酸、亚油酸,采用DAS 2.1.1版软件求算药动学参数。结果大鼠灌服市售鸦胆子油口服乳剂和鸦胆子油自微乳颗粒剂后油酸AUT为72.738、170.334(h·μg)/m L,亚油酸为41.393、140.759(h·μg)/m L。制剂中油酸、亚油酸相对生物利用度分别达到234.2%、340.1%。结论与市售鸦胆子油口服乳剂相比,鸦胆子自微乳化颗粒可明显提高油酸、亚油酸在大鼠体内的相对生物利用度。     

鸦胆子油乳对大鼠血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶药代动力学的影响

目的:建立测定大鼠血浆中5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluoro,5-FU)的反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,考察鸦胆子油乳对大鼠血浆中5-FU药动学的影响。方法:将SD大鼠平均分为5-FU组和5-FU/鸦胆子油联用组,每组6只。5-FU组大鼠尾静脉注射5-FU,联用组大鼠尾静脉注射5-FU及鸦胆子油乳,采用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆5-FU浓度。采用DAS Ver2.0药动学软件处理血药浓度数据,用SPSS 20.0统计学软件对所得药动学数据进行统计学差异分析。结果:与5-FU组比较,5-FU鸦胆子油乳联用组,5-FU在大鼠体内的半衰期T1/2,表观分布容积(Vd)增加,清除率CL降低,两组其他药动学参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:鸦胆子油乳能延长5-FU在大鼠体内的半衰期,促进5-FU由血液向组织中分布。     

大孔树脂分离纯化紫苏总黄酮的工艺研究

目的:筛选分离纯化紫苏总黄酮的最佳树脂,并确定其工艺条件。方法:以总黄酮吸附量和回收率为考察指标,采用静态吸附分离法确定适合的大孔吸附树脂;采用动态吸附分离法确定分离条件。结果:AB-8树脂对紫苏总黄酮有良好的吸附分离性能。其动态分离纯化工艺条件为:紫苏总黄酮上样液浓度为1.5mg/mL,最大吸附量为11.5mg/g,吸附速度为1.0mL/m in,95%乙醇2倍柱体积1.0mL/m in洗脱,树脂可重复使用3次。结论:该方法操作简便、有效,适于紫苏总黄酮的吸附纯化。     

Smashing Tissue Extraction and GC Analysis of Active Fatty Acids from Oil Cake of Perilla Seeds

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds(OCPS)by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard.Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press,by smashing tissue extraction(STE),the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction(LE),Soxhlet extraction(SE),ultrasonic extraction(UE),and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction(SFE).For optimized condition of STE,orthogonal test was designed and completed.The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC.Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio.The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:α-linolenic acid(41.12%-51.81%),linoleic acid(15.38%-16.43%),oleic acid (18.93%-27.28%),stearic acid(2.56%-4.01%),and palmitic acid(7.38%-10.77%).Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield(LE:0.57%;SE:1.03%;UE:0.61%;SFE:0.80%;STE: 1.17%)and shortest time(LE:720 min;SE:360 min;UE:30 min;SFE:120 min;STE:1.5 min)among five tested extraction technologies.It is first reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.     

白苏挥发油的化学研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对苏叶、苏梗和苏子挥发油的化学成分分别进行了分析。共鉴定出紫苏醛、紫苏醇、反式-丁香烯、十六烷酸等65个化合物,并测定了各成分在挥发油中的百分含量。     

Perilla frutescens: A traditional medicine and food homologous plant

Perilla frutescens, an annual herb of the Labiatae family, has been cultivated in China for more than 2000 years. P. frutescens is the one of the first medicinal and edible plant published by the Ministry of Health. Its leaves, stems and seeds can be used as medicine and edible food. Because of the abundant nutrients and bioactive components in this plant, P. frutescens has been studied extensively in medicine, food, health care and chemical fields with great prospects for development. This paper reviews the cultivation history, chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of P. frutescens resources.     

不同处理对药用紫苏种子萌发特性的影响

目的通过对紫苏种子形态和萌发特性的研究,寻找打破种子休眠、提高种子萌发率的适宜条件。方法观察种子外部形态,对紫苏种子千粒质量、净度、含水量和吸水率等多项指标进行测定,对紫苏种子分别进行超声、低温和热水预处理,分析不同温度、不同浓度化学物质和不同萌发介质处理对种子萌发率的影响。结果紫苏种子的含水量为9.09%,吸水率为42.84%,经过60℃热水和4℃/5 d预处理后的萌发率分别为91.2%和90.1%。GA3200 mg/L和PEG 200 mg/L处理后的萌发率分别为94.6%和91.1%,较高浓度的NAA和6-BA对种子萌发具有明显的抑制效应,变温下(15℃/23℃)种子萌发率为94.7%,滤纸和纱布介质上的萌发率分别为94.2%和91.2%。结论种皮是限制种子萌发的主要因素,先用60℃热水对种子进行预处理,然后再用GA3200 mg/L处理种子,可以在短时间内显著地提高种子的萌发率,种子萌发的最佳温度为15℃/23℃,最佳发芽介质为双层滤纸。     

Effect of Perilla frutescens on nitric oxide production and DNA synthesis in cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells

The effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens, Labiatae) on murine cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were investigated. The water extract of perilla leaves induced nitric oxide (NO) production of VSMC and this effect was synergistically augmented when combined with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, while the perilla extract significantly inhibited NO production induced by IFN-gamma combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Northern blot analysis revealed that these effects of the perilla extract paralleled mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the perilla extract significantly inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or TNF-alpha-induced VSMC proliferation measured as DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect of the perilla extract on TNF-alpha-induced VSMC proliferation was significantly suppressed by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a non-specific nitric synthase inhibitor, suggesting that this effect was partially mediated by NO production as an autocrine/paracrine factor. The present findings suggest that perilla would be useful for the prevention of vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis.     

苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特对高脂血症患者血脂及血管功能的影响

目的比较苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特对高脂血症患者血脂及血管功能的影响。方法60例高三酰甘油（TG）血症患者随机分为两组,分别接受苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特缓释片治疗,疗程8周。治疗前后分别测定血脂各成分、肝功能、踝肱动脉脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）、踝臂指数（ABI）、大动脉弹性（C1）和小动脉弹性（C2）。结果两组患者治疗后TG均显著下降,非诺贝特缓释片降低TG幅度大于苏子油软胶囊（30．4％比20．7％,P〈0．05）。两组降TG能力虽有差别,但两组均能显著降低haPWV、C1和C2,且两组无明显差异。非诺贝特缓释片治疗后有2例（6．7％）患者出现肝功能轻度异常,改服苏子油软胶囊后均恢复正常,而苏子油软胶囊组无一例出现肝功能异常。结论苏子油软胶囊和非诺贝特均能显著降低TG,改善大小血管功能,且苏子油软胶囊对肝功能无不良影响。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对盐胁迫下紫苏种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的通过对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的研究,寻找提高紫苏种子及幼苗在盐胁迫下抗性能力的途径。方法测定盐胁迫下紫苏种子在不同浓度的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)处理后,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的变化,并对紫苏幼苗叶片的相对含水量、幼苗总生物量、可溶性糖量、叶片丙二醛(MDA)量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行测定。结果 100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下的紫苏种子萌发受到显著抑制,但是经过不同质量浓度的ALA处理后,各项萌发指标均有所升高,其中经过50 mg/L ALA处理后效果最为显著,各项指标均达到最大值,发芽势为71.3%,发芽率为90.5%,发芽指数为15.9,活力指数为0.129 6。各处理均提高了幼苗总生物量和可溶性糖的量,减缓了盐胁迫下紫苏叶片相对含水量下降的趋势,降低了叶片MDA的量,显著地提高了SOD、POD和CAT 3种酶的活性,且经过50 mg/L ALA处理后3种酶的活性分别达到最大值(0.79、7.69、5.84 U/mg)。结论 50 mg/L ALA能够有效地减缓盐胁迫对紫苏种子及幼苗产生的伤害,提高种子及幼苗的抗盐能力。     

外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对盐胁迫下紫苏种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:通过对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的研究,寻找提高紫苏种子及幼苗在盐胁迫条件下抗盐能力的途径。方法:测定了不同浓度硝普钠(SNP)处理后的NaCl胁迫下紫苏种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并对紫苏幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定。结果:结果显示在100 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下的紫苏种子萌发受到显著抑制,但是经过不同浓度的SNP处理后,萌发指标均有升高,其中经过0.1 mmol/L的SNP处理后,各项指标均达到最大值,发芽势为60.4%,发芽率为78.3%,发芽指数为13.7,活力指数为为0.1093。SNP处理降低了叶片MDA的含量,并且提高了NR、SOD、POD和CAT四种酶的活性,且均为当SNP浓度为0.1 mmol/L时达到最大值,分别为:1.52μg/g.h、0.32 U/mg、5.9 U/mg和4.8 U/mg。结论:0.1 mmol/L的SNP能够有效的减缓NaCl胁迫对紫苏种子及幼苗产生的伤害,提高了种子及幼苗的抗盐能力。     

Perilla oil and exercise decrease expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with hyperlipidemia

Objective

To verify the effects of perilla oil on the regulation of blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Methods

Blood was taken from patients prior to and 8 weeks following treatment with perilla oil. Different ways to test for indexes which correlate to hyperlipidemia were performed. Some indexes, which correlate with inflammation and injury to endothelial cells, were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Serum lipid levels [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)] changed significantly after 56 days of treatment. Differences were noted as early as 28 days after treatment began (P<0.05). Treatment with perilla oil showed statistically significant recovery levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) after 28 and 56 days of treatment. Plasma lipids levels were significantly lower after 56 days of treatment (P<0.05). Perilla oil reduced blood lipid levels in patients, and the regulation of cell signaling factor levels had no adverse effects on patients’ liver or kidney function, or blood routine examinations.

Conclusion

Perilla oil treatment is safe in clinical use, can regulate blood lipid levels and protects the function of endothelial cells.