Conservative treatment for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

Purpose

The treatment guidelines for isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection have not been established. We assessed 14 cases of SMA dissection and reviewed the literature on this entity.

Methods

The subjects were 11 men and 3 women (average age 64 years), with SMA dissection diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan or digital subtraction angiography, between 2001 and 2009, at our institution. Eight patients presented with symptoms such as abdominal pain, but SMA dissection was diagnosed incidentally during investigations of another illness in six patients. Thirteen patients were treated conservatively with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet drugs, but one underwent exploratory laparotomy. The median follow-up period was 22 months.

Result

The symptoms did not worsen, and ultimately resolved in the eight patients who had symptoms. Isolated dissection improved dramatically in two of the six patients with obstruction of the false lumen and was not seen on computed tomography (CT) scans 1 and 3 months after its onset.

Conclusion

We recommend conservative treatment as the first choice for isolated SMA dissection, even if the patient has abdominal pain and tenderness, given that there are no signs of peritonitis.     

Acute mesenteric ischemia caused by isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection.

Isolated dissection of a peripheral artery is a rare event. Only 11 reports exist in the literature of dissection of the superior mesenteric artery, most of which have been fatal. This is the first documented case of the successful treatment of an acute ischemic event caused by a superior mesenteric artery dissection. In addition, the new technique of right gastroepiploic artery-to-superior mesenteric artery bypass is introduced as a satisfactory method of revascularization.     

肠系膜上动脉夹层15例诊治分析

目的 探讨肠系膜上动脉夹层的临床诊治路径.方法 分析2006年2月至2010年7月收治的15例肠系膜上动脉夹层患者的临床资料.男13例,女2例.年龄43～63岁,平均(53±8)岁.除1例有明确的外伤史,余无明确诱因.所有患者均经腹部增强CT扫描检查明确诊断.治疗方法包括腔内支架治疗、保守治疗及开放手术治疗.结果 腔内支架治疗成功5例,未成功而转保守治疗9例.1例因疑有严重肠缺血的患者接受开放手术,术中行肠系膜上动脉夹层开窗,恢复远端肠系膜上动脉血供.15例中13例患者得到随访,随访率为86.7％.随访时间12 ～60个月,平均(28±14)个月.在随访期内无腹痛复发及慢性肠缺血症状.保守治疗的患者CT随访无夹层瘤样扩张,腔内治疗成功的患者内支架均通畅.结论 腔内治疗肠系膜上动脉夹层的成功率不高;对于症状缓解的患者及无症状的患者,可在长期随访检测下进行保守治疗;症状不缓解或出现肠缺血坏死征象时应尽早行开放手术治疗.     

Management of isolated spontaneous dissection of superior mesenteric artery

Purpose  

Our objectives were to clarify the management of isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (DSMA).     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的影像学诊断和治疗

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层是临床上的少见病,该病的治疗目前尚无统一方案.本研究回顾性分析2011年4月至2012年1月扬州大学临床医学院收治的3例孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者的临床资料,旨在探讨该病的影像诊断和治疗效果.3例患者经过保守治疗后腹痛症状缓解不明显甚至加重,行血管腔内裸支架植入术治疗,术后继续给予抗凝、抗血小板治疗.3例患者支架腔内重建术均获成功,共植入7个裸支架;植入支架后患者的腹痛症状有不同程度减轻,3d后腹痛均消失.复查CT血管重建肠系膜上动脉内支架位置良好,支架腔内血流通畅,夹层及假腔消失.     

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊治

目的探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection,SISMAD)的临床特点和诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2006年1月—2010年3月收治的9例自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的临床资料,其中8例表现为急性腹痛,1例无症状。结果 2例保守治疗,4例行腔内自膨式支架植入,3例手术治疗(1例行腹主动脉-肠系膜上动脉转流术,2例行内膜修补、人造血管补片成形术)。8例有症状者,腹痛均在治疗后3d内完全缓解。本组病例随访1个月至51个月,未再出现腹部不适症状,增强CT显示肠系膜上动脉血流通畅,未见明显瘤样扩张。结论对有SISMAD可能的患者应警惕,及早诊断和处理,根据患者具体情况选择合理的治疗方案。     

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊疗分析

目的分析自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)的影像学表现、治疗方案及预后。方法回顾性分析25例SISMAD患者的资料,分析其影像学特征、分型、治疗方法及随访记录。结果 25例患者中,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱa型14例,Ⅱb型7例,Ⅲ型1例。2例无腹痛症状的患者,CTA分型为Ⅰ型,给予观察治疗。23例有症状的患者,保守治疗4例,其中Ⅱa型1例,Ⅱb型3例;血管腔内治疗18例,其中Ⅱa型13例,Ⅱb型4例,Ⅲ型1例;另有1例Ⅰ型患者经保守治疗后腹痛不缓解,复查CTA示假腔持续扩大,后转血管腔内治疗。随访时间1~43个月,中位随访时间8个月,随访期间患者均未出现腹痛等症状,CTA提示病变无进展,支架无移位并保持通畅。结论 SISMAD临床症状缺乏特异性,CTA可明确诊断并进行影像学分型,结合患者的症状,可指导临床治疗方案的制定。     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的腔内治疗

目的 探讨孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery,IDSMA)的临床特点及治疗策略. 方法 回顾性分析2008年9月至2012年10月北京大学第三医院介入血管外科收治的19例IDSMA患者的临床表现、诊断方法、治疗策略及效果等临床资料.其中男15例,女4例,年龄41 ～ 84岁,平均(56±12)岁.临床症状腹痛15例、无症状4例.18例经增强CT确诊、1例经超声诊断.结果 19例夹层均累及肠系膜上动脉弯曲部前壁.对于4例无症状患者,保守治疗3例,另1例假腔形成瘤样扩张,行支架植入.对有症状的15例患者采取腔内治疗,包括经留置导管动脉内区域性解痉治疗4例;支架植入11例.全部患者均治愈,无并发症.随访时间7～46个月,平均(21±10)个月,19例均无症状,彩超和增强CT显示支架均通畅.结论 IDSMA均发生于肠系膜上动脉弯曲部的前壁.对无症状患者可行保守治疗.对有症状患者,如无动脉破裂或肠坏死,推荐植入支架、完全覆盖肠系膜上动脉弯曲部.经导管动脉内区域性解痉治疗是有效的辅助治疗措施.     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层诊疗进展

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(ISMAD)是一种临床罕见病,其症状、体征无特异性,常易误诊、漏诊。随着近年医学影像技术的发展,其检出率逐年提高。本文主要对ISMAD的病因、临床表现、影像学分型及治疗进展做一综述。     

多层螺旋CT血管探针成像在孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管探针成像在孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（ISMAD）诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2013年5月间中山大学附属第一医院收治的15例ISMAD患者的临床和影像学资料。通过64层螺旋CT血管探针成像分析ISMAD的影像特征与临床症状和治疗选择的关系。结果15例夹层破口均位于动脉前壁,距离根部（24．3±9．7） mm;73．3％（11/15）的破口位于肠系膜上动脉近段弯曲近远端各1 cm区域内。无腹痛（8例）与腹痛（7例）患者夹层长度、真/假腔短径比及真/假腔长径比的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0．01）。 Yun分型Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱa型3例,保守治疗均有效;Ⅱb型7例,其中3例保守治疗有效,4例行腔内介入治疗或手术治疗,症状均缓解。结论多层螺旋CT血管探针成像可清晰显示ISMAD的影像特征,可为ISMAD的诊断和治疗选择提供依据。     

Conservative management of symptomatic spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

Background:

Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is uncommon. Because of its rarity, the risk factors, aetiology and natural history are unclear, and there is no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy.

Methods:

Seven consecutive patients with symptomatic spontaneous isolated SMA dissection who received conservative treatment between March 2003 and February 2008 were included in this study. Their clinical characteristics, treatment methods and outcomes were analysed retrospectively.

Results:

Acute abdominal pain was the most common clinical manifestation. Initial contrast‐enhanced dynamic computed tomography (CT) showed isolated SMA dissection with partial thrombosis in all seven patients. Full anticoagulation was carried out immediately after the diagnosis. Clinical symptoms disappeared within 14 days and follow‐up CT showed complete resolution of the dissection in four patients. After a mean follow‐up of 23 months, there was no mortality or morbidity related to the dissection.

Conclusion:

In patients with symptomatic spontaneous isolated dissection of the SMA, conservative management is feasible if there is no evidence of bowel infarction or bleeding. Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

增强CT诊断孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层

目的分析增强CT诊断孤立性肠系膜上动脉(SMA)夹层的价值。方法分析22例孤立性SMA夹层的CT特征,提出新的分型方法,并结合文献进行分析。结果 22例夹层均累及SMA弯曲部前壁,其中21例(21/22,95.45%)经增强CT确诊;夹层近端距SMA开口平均(10.31±8.67)mm(0~32.03mm),夹层长度平均(73.37±42.69)mm(15.96~205.91mm)。按症状分组,无症状组(4例)夹层近端距SMA开口平均距离为(16.21±10.97)mm(1.00~32.03mm),有症状组(18例)平均为(9.17±6.15)mm(0~25.98mm);无症状组夹层长度平均为(34.81±44.01)mm(15.96~73.84mm),有症状组平均为(83.46±41.90)mm(26.40~205.91mm)。无症状组真腔狭窄率平均为44.16%±12.33%,有症状组为74.35%±22.37%(P=0.042)。随着夹层向SMA远、近端延展,保守治疗效果变差。结论增强CT是诊断SMA夹层的有效方法。孤立性SMA夹层均累及SMA弯曲部前壁,临床症状及疗效与夹层长度和真腔狭窄度有关。本研究提出的新分型方法有助于全面描述SMA夹层的影像学特征,进而确定治疗方案。     

自发孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层CT血管造影诊断

目的探讨自发孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（SISMAD）的CT血管造影（CTA）特征。方法回顾性分析2011年1-7月间在深圳市南山人民医院接受腹腔动脉双源CTA检查的25例不明原因的急性腹痛患者的临床资料。结果CTA检查发现4例肠系膜上动脉夹层,均为男性,年龄（45．3±6．7）岁．2例有高血压病史。4例患者CTA检查均发现肠系膜上动脉管径增粗,2例呵见内膜瓣和真假腔．1例溃疡状破口,1例壁间血肿,近段破口均位于肠系膜上动脉近段;CTA分型：Ia型2例,Ⅱb型1例。Ⅲ型1例。2例出院时进行了DSCTA复查,出现了进行性变化。结论CTA可清晰显示肠系膜上动脉夹层的特征．并能为疾病分型和随访观察提供重要依据。     

Spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

A patient presented with chronic visceral ischemia caused by spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery; this was treated successfully by "intimectomy" and patch angioplasty. Operative rather than expectant management is recommended for this rare but surgically accessible lesion.     

腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的短中期疗效

目的:探讨腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)的短中期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2009年3月—2016年8月收治的16例SISMAD患者资料,根据Sakamoto分型,其中I型3例(18.75%),II型3例(18.75%),III型10例(62.5%)。结果:1例I型患者经保守治疗效果满意,2例I型患者、3例II型患者、5例III型患者行单支架植入术,5例III型患者行双支架植入术(其中1例III型患者真腔狭窄约95%,行球囊扩张后植入2枚支架)。所用支架均为自膨式裸支架。随访1~34个月,中位时间16个月,均未再发相关性腹痛等症状,腹部CTA显示夹层假腔不显影,支架无移位、变形,支架腔内无狭窄、闭塞。结论:腔内介入治疗SISMAD的短中期效果好,但其长期效果需进一步观察。