暂时性腹腔关闭与常规关腹技术治疗严重腹腔感染的临床对比

目的观察暂时性腹腔关闭(temporary abdominal closure,TAC)与常规关腹技术在严重腹腔感染中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2014年7月15例严重腹腔感染的临床资料,其中8例采用负压封闭引流关闭系统(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)行暂时性关腹,7例常规关腹。比较2组术后腹内压变化、创面愈合时间、术后并发症等。结果常规关腹组术后72 h内腹内压逐渐升高,术后6~72 h各监测的时间点均高于暂时性关腹组(P0.01)。暂时性关腹组术后腹内压变化相对平稳(波动在7.7~18.1 mm Hg之间),创面愈合早[(11.3±1.8)d vs.(19.4±6.7)d,t=-3.142,P=0.005],切口感染少[12.5%(1/8)vs.100%(6/6),P=0.005]。结论暂时性腹腔关闭技术在治疗严重腹腔感染中能有效地预防腹内压升高,促进创面愈合,减少术后并发症,疗效确切。     

创面用变革对深Ⅱ°烧伤创面愈合时间的影响

目的通过对深Ⅱ°烧伤创面愈合时间的分阶段对比分析,了解创面愈合观念及创面用药变革对创面愈合速度的影响。方法1982年1月～1999年12月对1563例小面积深Ⅱ°烧伤患者(总面积≤10%),按创面补锌及生长因子和胶原酶应用等治疗措施采用时间不同,分为时间阶段,对比观察创面愈合速度变化。结果1982年1月～1990年12月,未使用特殊创面外用药物,创面愈合时间为(23.8±3.5)天;1991年～1996年,采用银锌霜创面补锌,创面愈合时间为(20.6±3.2)天;1997年～1999年,将脱痂药物(胶原酶)及生长因子与银锌霜联合使用,使创面愈合时间缩短为(16.2±2.8)天。结论创面愈合观念及创面用药变革促进了深Ⅱ°创面愈合。     

人唾液对创面愈合影响的实验研究

目的通过与云南白药比较,观察人唾液对创面愈合的作用,以期初步阐明作用机制。方法 3月龄雄性日本大耳白兔6只,体重2.0～2.5 kg;于每只兔脊柱两侧制备深至皮下、大小为2.5 cm×2.5 cm的创面6个。根据处理方法不同,将36个创面随机分为3组(n=12):空白对照组每天涂抹0.4 mL生理盐水;云南白药组每天涂抹0.5 g云南白药粉,唾液组每天涂抹0.4 mL人唾液,连续15 d。观察创面愈合情况,伤后3、5、8、11、15 d测量创面面积,计算创面愈合率;伤后15 d处死动物取创面组织行组织学观察,计数炎性细胞及微血管密度。结果唾液组和云南白药组创面愈合速度明显快于空白对照组,渗液量少,结痂快。伤后5、8、11 d,唾液组创面愈合率均显著高于空白对照组及云南白药组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组织学观察显示术后15 d,唾液组创面未见明显出血、坏死,创面基本由表皮覆盖,再生表皮向创面中心覆盖生长,唾液组炎性细胞计数及微血管密度均显著低于云南白药组及空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论唾液可明显促进创面愈合,作用机制可能与其减少炎性细胞浸润、防止伤口感染、加速胶原纤维增生及促进创面血管重建有关。     

腹腔开放疗法治疗严重腹腔感染的临床疗效

目的 探讨腹腔开放疗法治疗严重腹腔感染的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月兰州军区兰州总医院收治的36例严重腹腔感染患者的临床资料.所有患者完善检查后,行早期复苏,遵循“损伤控制外科”原则开腹清创,一期手术行腹腔开放疗法,腹腔感染控制后于14 d内行二期关闭腹腔术.术中吸取腹腔内脓液行细菌培养.术后予以抗休克、抗感染、保护脏器功能、营养支持和对症治疗.采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,随访时间截至2014年3月.结果 所有患者顺利完成一期和二期手术,二期术后因感染性休克和MODS死亡6例,治愈出院30例,其中行2次手术8例.两期手术时间为（157±26） min,术中出血量为（230±64） mL,术后胃肠功能恢复时间为（44 ±7）h,术后住院时间为（16±5）d.所有患者成功行腹腔脓液细菌培养,共分离出菌株48株,其中革兰阴性菌31株,革兰阳性菌17株,根据药物敏感试验结果选用亚胺培南和头孢哌酮等抗生素.30例患者术后均获得随访,中位随访时间为6个月.随访期间,6例患者发生粘连性肠梗阻,2例患者发生腹壁切口疝,均经肠粘连松解术或切口疝修补术治疗后痊愈.其余22例患者无并发症发生.结论 对能够耐受手术的严重腹腔感染患者,采用腹腔开放疗法早期开腹清创疗效确切.     

外源性透明质酸对创面愈合影响的研究

目的　探讨透明质酸 (HA)延迟创面愈合的作用。方法　成年日本大耳白兔 18只 ,建立兔耳创伤愈合模型 ,随机分成 2 % HA治疗组 (A组 ) ,1% HA治疗组 (B组 ) ,磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)对照组 (C组 ) ,进行大体形态、组织学变化、平均愈合时间、创面收缩情况、残余创面面积、成纤维细胞 α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达及超微结构 ,观察 12天。结果　 1三组创面平均愈合时间为 (11.7± 0 .6 )、(11.3± 0 .6 )和 (10 .8± 1.0 )天 ,三组之间有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A、B组与C组比较创面收缩速率及残余面积也有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。 2组织学见 A、B两组胶原纤维较细 ,排列整齐 ;C组胶原纤维较粗大 ,排列紊乱。 3A、B组 α-平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达少于 C组 ,有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 HA通过抑制成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化而抑制创面收缩 ,是延迟创面愈合的原因之一 ;且这一作用与其浓度有依赖关系。     

微环境对慢性创面愈合影响的研究进展

慢性创面的治疗是目前亟待解决的医疗难题之一.影响慢性创面愈合的因素包括患者自身的健康状况、创面产生的原因以及外部微环境的变化等.其中外部微环境的变化与慢性创面愈合关联性很强.影响创面微环境的因素有很多,了解这些因素对创面愈合过程中病理生理的具体影响,对于完善慢性创面治疗方法有重要的指导意义.局部微环境的变化对于创面愈合...     

肛周脓肿术后创面愈合的影响因素分析

为分析肛周脓肿术后创面愈合的影响因素,选取2019年4月至2020年2月我院58例肛周脓肿患者,根据其术后7 d创面分泌物、疼痛等情况评估其创面愈合质量,分析愈合不良影响因素.结果显示,58例患者术后创面愈合良好37例(63.79％),愈合不良21例(36.21％).经单因素分析,患者年龄、性别及切口选择均不是影响术后...     

The effect of different temporary abdominal closure techniques on fascial wound healing and postoperative adhesions in experimental secondary peritonitis

Background Secondary peritonitis causes considerable mortality and morbidity. New strategies have been introduced like relaparotomy and temporary abdominal closure in the management of such persistent intra-abdominal infections. Materials and methods Rats were divided into five groups each having ten animals. After induction of peritonitis, relaparotomies were done, and the abdomen was closed by different temporary abdominal closure techniques. After performing two relaparotomies during a 48-h period, all fascias closed primarily and incisional tensile strengths, hydroxyproline contents, and adhesions were measured on the following seventh day. Results The median values of tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentrations were lowest in skin-only closure rats. Intraperitoneal adhesion scores were highest in Bogota bag closure group. Conclusion Primary, Bogota bag, and polyprolene mesh closures seem to be safe in terms of early fascial wound healing. Although it is easy to perform, skin-only closure technique has deleterious effects on fascial wound healing probably due to fascial retraction. Interestingly, Bogota bag has caused increased intraperitoneal adhesion formation.     

高负压引流系统对腹部切口愈合的疗效研究

目的探讨高负压引流系统对腹部切口愈合的影响。方法回顾性分析行开放手术的126例腹部肿瘤患者,按术后腹部切口是否应用高负压引流系统分为高负压组(63例,术后常规放置皮下高负压引流器)和常规组(63例,单纯行传统换药)。比较两组术后切口引流量、术后疼痛评分、切口不良事件、拆线时间的差异。结果两组术后8天拆线例数比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=27.7,P0.05);两组患者术后恢复过程中不良事件的发生例数比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=6.95,P0.05);两组患者术后疼痛评分差异具有统计学意义(x~2=26.36,P0.05);两组患者术后切口引流量比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.79,P0.001)。结论高负压引流系统对腹部切口愈合有促进作用,有效的减少了切口不良事件的发生,降低了患者术后疼痛评分,增加了切口引流量、缩短拆线时间,有较高临床应用价值。     

The effect of sepsis on wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Normal wound healing is a regulated sequence of events that successfully restore tissue integrity. Previous studies have suggested that wound healing is impaired in a septic host. The current study examines the effect of sepsis on the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing at a remote site of secondary injury. METHODS: Polyvinyl alcohol sponges, either inoculated with a standard dose of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (experimental) or soaked in normal saline (control), were placed subcutaneously in the anterior abdominal region of male B6D2F1 mice. Immediately following sponge placement, full thickness excisional dermal wounds were created on the dorsum. Wound healing was examined at days 3, 5, and 7 postinjury. The infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into wounds was quantified, and the reepithelialization rate and collagen content were measured. RESULTS: Peripheral neutrophil counts were significantly elevated in infected mice, yet neutrophil content of the remote wound of infected animals was significantly reduced (5% of control, P < 0.05). Wounds of infected mice also showed a 30% reduction in the macrophage content. Wounds of infected animals exhibited delayed reepithelialization (76 +/- 3 vs 97 +/- 3% at day 5, P < 0.05) and collagen synthesis (55.3 +/- 9.5 vs 105 +/- 13.0 microg/wound, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Systemic infection alters both the inflammatory and the proliferative processes at remote sites of injury. Multiple factors seem likely to contribute to the increased incidence of wound complications in septic patients.     

Management of the open abdomen using negative pressure wound therapy with instillation in severe abdominal sepsis: A review of 48 cases in Hospital Mexico,Costa Rica

IntroductionDespite the numerous advances in recent years, severe abdominal sepsis (with associated organ failure associated with infection) remains a serious, life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. OA is a viable alternative to the previously used scheduled repeat laparotomy or continuous peritoneal lavage. The use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has been described as a successful method of management of the open abdomen. Adding instillation of saline solution to NPWT in a programmed and controlled manner, could offer the clinician an additional tool for the management of complex septic abdomen.ObjectivesTo explore if the concept of active two-way therapy (Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation or NPWT-I) yields superior control of underlying, life-threatening abdominal infections and its effects on survival and morbidity in patients with severe abdominal sepsis when management with an open abdomen is required.MethodsA retrospective review of 48 patients with severe abdominal sepsis, who were managed with and open abdomen and NPWT-I was performed. NPWT-I was initiated utilizing the same parameters on all patients, this consisted of cycles of instillation of saline solution, which was removed through negative pressure after a short dwell period. We observed the effects on primary fascia closure rate, mortality, hospital and SICU length of stay and associated complications.ResultsOur patient group consisted of 20 (42%) males and 28 (58%) females. Average age was 48 years. Mortality in these patients was attributed to pulmonary embolism (n = 1), acute renal failure (n = 2) and cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 1). Average total hospital stay was 24 days, and stay in the SICU (n = 26) averaged 7.5 days.No acute complications related to the NPWT-I. All patients presenting with abdominal compartment syndrome resolved after initiation of the NPWT-I. A total of 46 patients (96%) patients achieved fascia closure after NPWT-I therapy after an average of 6 days. Four patients (8%) died during the course of treatment of causes unrelated to NPWT-I.ConclusionThis therapy showed added benefits when compared to traditional methods such as ̈Bogota bag̈, Wittmann patch, or NPWT traditional in the management of the open abdomen pertaining to severe abdominal sepsis.NPWT-I in patients with severe abdominal sepsis had promising results, since we obtained higher fascia closure rates, lower mortality and reduced hospital and ICU length of stay with no complications due to this therapeutic approach.     

Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on wound infection and healing in patients with open fracture wounds: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the impact of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound infection and healing in patients with open fracture wounds. Computer searches were performed in EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of NPWT in open fracture wounds, with the search period covering the databases inception to September 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and conducted quality assessments. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 17 RCTs involving 1814 patients with open fracture wounds were included. The analysis revealed that compared with other treatment methods, NPWT significantly shortened the wound healing time (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −2.86, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −3.51 to −2.20, p < 0.001) and fracture healing time (SMD = −3.14, 95% CI: −4.49 to −1.79, p < 0.001) in patients with open fracture wounds. It also significantly reduced the incidence of wound infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20–0.40, p < 0.001). This study indicates that in the treatment of open fracture wounds, NPWT, compared with conventional treatment methods, can accelerate the healing of wounds and fractures, effectively control infections and reduce the occurrence of complications, demonstrating high safety.     

Temporary abdominal closure followed by definitive abdominal wall reconstruction of the open abdomen

BACKGROUND: Inability to close the abdominal wall after laparotomy for trauma may occur as a result of visceral edema, retroperitoneal hematoma, use of packing, and traumatic loss of tissue. Often life-saving, decompressive laparotomy and temporary abdominal closure require later restoration of anatomic continuity of the abdominal wall. METHODS: The trauma registry, open abdomen database, and patient medical records at a level 1 university-based trauma center were reviewed from January 1988 to December 2001. RESULTS: During the study period, more than 15,000 trauma patients were admitted, with 88 patients (0.6%) requiring temporary abdominal closure (TAC). Patients ages ranged from 12 to 75 years with a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 28 (range 5 to 54). Forty-five patients (51%) suffered penetrating injuries, and 43 (49%) were victims of blunt trauma. Indications for TAC included visceral edema in 61 patients (70%), abdominal compartment syndrome in 10 patients (11%), traumatic tissue loss in 9 patients (10%), and wound sepsis and fascial necrosis in 8 patients (9%). Fifty-six patients (64%) underwent TAC at admission laparotomy, whereas 32 patients (36%) required TAC at reexploration. Seventy-one patients (81%) survived and 17 (19%) died. Of the survivors, 24 patients (34%) underwent same-admission direct fascial closure, and 47 patients (66%) required visceral skin grafting and readmission closure. Reconstructive procedures in the patients requiring skin graft excision included direct fascial repair (20 patients, 44%), components separation closure with or without subfascial tissue expansion (18 patients, 40%), pedicled or free-tissue flaps (4 patients, 8%), and mesh repair (4 patients, 8%). One patient refused closure. The mean follow-up was 48 months (range 6 to 144), with an overall recurrence rate of 15% (range 10% to 50%), highest in the mesh repair group. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone sheeting TAC provides a safe and reliable temporary abdominal closure allowing for later definitive reconstruction. Direct fascial repair or components separation closure with or without tissue expansion can be utilized in the majority of patients for definitive reconstruction with low recurrence rate.     

不同敷料对深度烧伤创面植皮后愈合情况的影响对比

目的:对比分析不同敷料对深度烧伤创面植皮后愈合情况的影响。方法:选取我院于2011年5月～2012年5月收治的69例深度烧伤并接受创面植皮的患者,选择患者身上2处大小为1%的邻近创面,将创面内层覆盖物为聚酰胺薄纱的所有创面作为实验组,内层覆盖物为凡士林油纱的创面作为对照组。对比分析两组术后的创面蒸发量、不同时间点的创面愈合率、创面愈合时间及换药时的疼痛情况。结果:术后5天,实验组内层敷料表面的蒸发量要明显少于对照组[(25.3±6.1)ml.h-.1m-2vs(35.8±4.9)ml.h-.1m-2t=11.147 P<0.05],所有患者内层敷料表面的蒸发量要显著少于裸露创面(P<0.05),但高于正常皮肤表面(P<0.05);实验组术后10天,15天及20天的创面愈合率均高于对照组[(81.2±19.5,95.3±9.4,99.8±0.4)%vs(72.4±7.6,84.6±10.4,97.2±2.3)%t=3.493,6.340,9.251 P<0.05],且创面完全愈合时间要显著短于对照组[(14.1±2.0)天vs(17.2±2.5)天t=8.043 P<0.05];实验组术后5天换药及揭除内层敷料时的VAS评分要明显低于对照组[(3.3±0.7,5.0±0.6)vs(4.9±0.4,7.9±0.5),t=16.485,30.843 P<0.05]。结论:相比与传统的凡士林油纱,聚酰胺薄纱更有利于深度烧伤创面植皮后的愈合,且减轻了患者换药时的疼痛,值得推广。     

Blood flow response in small intestinal loops at different depths during negative pressure wound therapy of the open abdomen

High closure rates of the open abdomen have been reported following negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). However, the method has occasionally been associated with increased development of intestinal fistulae. We have previously shown that the application of NPWT to the open abdomen causes a decrease in microvascular blood flow in the small intestinal loop and the omentum adjacent to the visceral protective layer of the dressing. In this study we investigate whether the negative pressure affects only small intestinal loops lying directly below the dressing or if it also affects small intestinal loops that are not in direct contact with the dressing. Six pigs underwent midline incision and application of NPWT to the open abdomen. The microvascular blood flow was measured in four intestinal loops at different depths from the visceral protective layer, at two different locations: beneath the dressing and at the anterior abdominal wall, before and after the application of NPWT of ?50, ?70, ?100, ?120, ?150 and ?170 mmHg, using laser Doppler velocimetry. Negative pressures between ?50 and ?170 mmHg caused a significant decrease in the microvascular blood flow in the intestinal loops in direct contact with the visceral protective layer. A slight, but significant, decrease in blood flow was also seen in the intestinal loops lying beneath these loops. The decrease in microvascular blood flow increased with the amount of negative pressure applied. No difference in blood flow was seen in the intestinal loops lying deeper in the abdominal cavity. A decrease in blood flow was seen in the upper two intestinal loops located apically and anteriorly, but not in the lower two, indicating that this is a local effect and that pressure decreases with distance from the source. A long‐term decrease in blood flow in the intestinal wall may induce ischaemia and secondary necrosis in the intestinal wall, which could promote the development of intestinal fistulae. We believe that NPWT of the open abdomen is a very effective treatment, but that it could be improved by gaining more knowledge on the mechanisms involved.