153Sm-EDTMP治疗转移癌性骨痛

目的 探讨影响^153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基磷酸盐（EDTMP）治疗转移癌性骨痛疗效的相关因素。方法 按国际原子能机构区域合作计划组织中国多中心研究,3年内收集^153Sm-EDTMP治疗转移癌性骨痛234例,根据治疗响应分为有效及无效2组,比较其个人情况,临床特点,原发病种,骨转移特点及治疗方法等因素,以SAS软件进行分组与多因素分析。结果 183例治疗有效,51例治疗无效,2组间在年龄、非核素治疗、^153Sm-EDTMP用量、转移灶数目、占骨骼比重、放射性摄取程度等方面无明显差别。但无效组中男性（43例,84.3%）、肺癌（34例,66.7%）、脊柱、骨盆与下肢转移的比例明显不同于有效组。多因素分析证实患者性别、肿瘤类型和转移部位与治疗效果相关。结论 ^153Sm-EDTMP治疗对肺癌、男性和下半身转移者效果可能较差。     

断指再植术后早期99Tcm-RBC显像的临床价值

目的探讨断指再植术后早期(<48h)动态99Tcm-RBC血池显像(BPI)的临床价值.方法 30例断指再植患者于术后48 h内进行5次BPI,计算并对比分析再植指和正常指的放射性比值(T/NT),根据再植指放射性聚集程度将显像结果分为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.结果再植指通过4次高压氧(HBO)治疗后的T/NT(0.624±0.310)明显高于治疗前(0.413±0.274,t=2.79,P<0.01),4次治疗后的T/NT变化情况可作为终止HBO治疗的指征;治疗前显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级的T/NT分别为0.149±0.063、0.463±0.050、0.840±0.202(t=11.87、 9.30、5.77,P<0.01),血管危象发生率分别为100%、20%、0(χ2分别为28.8、20.0,P<0.01);48 h时显像为0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ级表现的再植指需再次手术和(或)坏死发生率分别为100%、8.3%、0(χ2分别为11.7、18.0,P<0.01).结论 BPI对断指再植术后早期动态监测疗效、预测血管危象发生和预后及进一步选择治疗方案均有重要的临床价值.     

^89SrCl2与^153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸治疗骨转移癌的对比研究

目的对比研究^89SrCl2和^153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸（^153Sm-EDTMP）治疗骨转移癌疗效。方法120例骨转移患者随机分为SOSrCl2治疗组和^153Sm-EDTMP治疗组,分别为69例和51例,^89SrCl2剂量为1．11-2．22MBq／kg,^153Sm-EDTMP剂量为25．9～37．0MBq／kg,3-6月复查SPECT,对止痛效果、转移灶变化及不良反应进行比较分析。结果^89SrCl2组总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为92．8％、69．6％、23．3％、7．2％;^153Sm-EDTMP组的总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为94．2％、66．7％、27．5％、5．8％,两组比较的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4．98,P〉0．05）;^89SrCl2治疗组骨转移病灶Ⅰ级（变淡,缩小或消失,无新增病灶出现）为56．5％,^153Sm-EDTMP组为54．9％,两组比较的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4．81,P〉0．05）;骨髓抑制情况（白细胞和血小板中任一项降低）分别为40．8％和59．2％,两组比较的差异有统计学意义（r=7．45,P〈0．05）。结论^153sm-EDTMP和^89SrCl2控制乳腺癌、前列腺癌及大多数肺癌骨转移疼痛有效,可根据经济条件选择相应药物。^89SrCl2疗效持久,相对骨髓抑制较小,更安全可靠,可作为早期骨转移患者的首选药物。     

89SrCl2与153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸治疗骨转移癌的对比研究

目的 对比研究89SrCl2和153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(153Sm-EDTMP)治疗骨转移癌疗效.方法 120例骨转移患者随机分为89SrCl2治疗组和153Sm-EDTMP治疗组,分别为69例和51例,89SrCl2剂量为1.11～2.22 MBq/Kg,153Sm-EDTMP剂量为25.9～37.0 MBq/kg,3～6月复查SPECT,对止痛效果、转移灶变化及不良反应进行比较分析.结果 89SrCl2组总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为92.8%、69.6%、23.3%、7.2%;153Sm-EDTMP组的总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为94.2%、66.7%、27.5%、5.8%,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(X2=4.98,P>0.05);89SrCl2治疗组骨转移病灶Ⅰ级(变淡,缩小或消失,无新增病灶出现)为56.5%,153Sm-EDTMP组为54.9%,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(X2=4.81,P>0.05);骨髓抑制情况(白细胞和血小板中任一项降低)分别为40.8%和59.2%,两组比较的差异有统计学意义(X2=7.45,P<0.05).结论 153Sm-EDTMP和89SrCl2控制乳腺癌、前列腺癌及大多数肺癌骨转移疼痛有效,可根据经济条件选择相应药物.89SrCl2疗效持久,相对骨髓抑制较小,更安全可靠,可作为早期骨转移患者的首选药物.     

153Sm－EDTMP的临床应用及其副作用

利用153Sm-EDTMP对骨转移癌患者进行内照射治疗,是近几年兴起的一种新疗法.它不仅可达到控制肿瘤、有效缓解骨痛的目的,而且由于其是针对病灶部位进行靶治疗,所以对周围正常组织伤害少.目前这一疗法在临床上的应用及其主要毒副作用正日益受到临床医师们的关注。     

153Sm-EDTMP治疗多发性骨转移癌的临床观察

目的 评价放射性核素^153Sm-2乙二胺四甲基膦酸（^153Sm-EDTMP）治疗骨转移癌的疗效及其对造血功能的影响。方法 静脉注射^153Sm-EDTMP，每次0．5-1．5mCi／kg体重。观察治疗前、后患者的生活质量、病灶及血细胞的变化。结果 患者疼痛完全缓解率（CR）32．5％（13／40）；部分缓解率（PR）50％（20／40）；疾病进展（PD）17．5％（7／40）；总有效率82．5％。单一应用^153Sm-EDTMP，剂量≤1mCi的患者。对造血功能影响较小，一般于治疗后4周基本恢复。剂量〉1mCi或与化疗联合应用的患者，对造血功能影响较大，需用G-CSF或输血（包括脐血）治疗，约治疗后6周才能恢复。结论 ①^153Sm-EDTMP是比较理想的治疗多发性骨转移癌的放射性核素之一，具有控制病情发展、消除骨转移灶，改善患者生活质量的作用；②^153Sm-EDTMP治疗后可使患者血象一过性降低。剂量〉1mCi，连续治疗2次以上者可诱发全血减少；③脐血有恢复射线所致的造血功能损伤的作用。     

153Sm-EDTMP致血液学毒性的多因素分析

目的 探讨^153Sm-乙二胺四甲撑膦酸（^153Sm-EDTMP）治疗导致白细胞、血小板降低发生的相关因素。方法 回顾性地整理206例^153Sm-EDTMP治疗后患者的资料，运用Logistic回归对数据进行单因素和多因素分析，对有意义的指标进行分析。结果 单因素分析结果表明：^153Sm-EDTMP治疗后，血液学毒性的发生与患者的年龄、骨转移灶数目、治疗前化疗史、同时进行外放疗、治疗次数有关；多因素分析结果显示，治疗前化疗史、同时进行外放疗、治疗次数等因素与血液学毒性产生与否有关；治疗前靠药物维持正常血象者也易出现血液学毒性。结论 ^153Sm-EDTMP治疗后血液学毒性的发生与几个因素有关，对有这些因素的患者，应特别注意治疗后血象的变化。     

放射性核素治疗顽固性骨疼痛：着重^89Sr

^32P作为全身放射性核素疗法用于治疗骨痛已有40多年的历史，然而通常导致严重的血相降低，限制了它的应用，亲骨性放射性药物^89Sr、^153Sm-乙二胺四甲基磷酸、^186Re-羟乙烯基磷酸盐被作为临床严重骨疼痛病人的姑息疗法，临床效果比外照射疗法好，而全身和血液学副作用较小，对具有疼痛性前列腺癌骨转移病人，在停止最补的激素治疗后，需要采用全身放射性核素治疗。此疗法对许多进展期乳腺癌骨转移的治疗亦将起作用，放射性核素对其它恶性肿瘤骨转移的治疗作用仍在继续研究之中。     

放射性核素治疗顽固性骨疼痛:着重~(89)Sr

~(32)P作为全身放射性核素疗法用于治疗骨痛已有40多年的历史,然而通常导致严重的血相降低,限制了它的应用。亲骨性放射性药物~(89)Sr、~(153)Sm-乙二胺四甲基磷酸、~(18(?))Re-羟乙烯基磷酸盐被作为临床严重骨疼痛病人的姑息疗法,临床效果比外照射疗法好,而全身和血液学副作用较小。对具有疼痛性前列腺癌骨转移病人,在停止最初的激素治疗后,需要采用全身放射性核素治疗。此疗法对许多进展期乳腺癌骨转移的治疗亦将起作用。放射性核素对其它恶性肿瘤骨转移的治疗作用仍在继续研究之中。     

153Sm- EDTMP治疗骨转移癌应注意的几个问题

153 Ｓｍ ＥＤＴＭＰ是一种较理想的放射性治疗药物 ,治疗骨转移癌有较好的效果[1 5] ,对转移病灶有明显缩小、消退作用[3 ,5] 。但有几个方面的问题应引起注意 ,现分述如下。1.加强骨转移癌患者的营养。晚期骨转移癌患者普遍存在营养不良。到目前为止 ,所有前瞻性及回顾性研究均未显示营养摄入的增加可使肿瘤生长加快的证据。充分有效的营养支持治疗能使患者免疫状况改善 ,生活质量提高 ,减少并发症和死亡率。通过加强营养 ,使患者在接受153 Ｓｍ ＥＤＴＭＰ治疗前后都能获得较好的效果[6,7] 。2 .疼痛的处理。对因肿瘤骨转移或原发性骨肿…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.