超声弹性成像联合彩色多普勒超声检查对乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声弹性成像联合彩色多普勒对乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取我院收治的140例乳腺肿块患者,分别行术前超声弹性成像和彩色多普勒超声检查,以术后病理学检查为金标准,计算超声弹性成像、彩色多普勒单独及联合鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的效能。结果 140例患者中共计161枚乳腺肿块,恶性55枚,良性106枚。恶性肿块彩色多普勒超声血流分级高于良性肿块,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。恶性肿块超声弹性成像评分高于良性肿块,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合超声弹性成像鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的灵敏度、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于单独诊断。结论 超声弹性成像联合彩色多普勒超声能够为乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别诊断提供可靠的参考依据。     

彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:评价彩色多普勒超声血流参数(RI、PI、Vmax)在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值.材料和方法:运用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对408个乳腺肿块进行血流检测,对其中超声检出血流的340个乳腺肿块进行多普勒血流参数测定,比较多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析.结果:乳腺恶性肿块的RI、PI、Vmax值明显高于良性肿块(P<0.001),以RI≥0.72或PI≥1.3或Vmax≥13cm/s诊断乳腺癌,其敏感性和特异性最高,分别为85.5%和82.9%、80%和83.6%、70.1%和82.7%,其中以RI≥0.72的恶性似然比最高为5.0.彩色多普勒超声与灰阶超声征象相结合可使乳腺恶性肿块的超声诊断敏感性和特异性分别达97.6%和93.9%.结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的灰阶声像图征象相结合可明显提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率.     

高频超声对乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断的价值

目的:评价高频超声二维征象及彩色多普勒血流指标在乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:使用高频超声诊断仪观察196个长径小于2 cm的乳腺肿块的二维超声特征(包括病灶形态,病灶内部,病灶后方有无衰减及有无微小钙化灶),然后使用彩色多普勒对病变进行多普勒血流参数测定(包括血流丰富度、PSV、RI、PI)。比较二维超声征象及彩色多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析。结果:病灶形态、病灶内部、病灶后方及有无微小钙化灶良、恶性病变间均有显著性差异。恶性肿块PSV、RI、PI值均明显高于良性肿块。结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的二维声像图征象相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率。     

超声弹性成像在乳腺肿瘤鉴别诊断中的临床价值分析

目的探讨超声弹性成像对乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的应用价值。方法对收治的125例乳腺肿块分别采用超声弹性成像和彩色多普勒超声两种诊断方法进行检查。结果以弹性评分为4~5分高度预测恶性的标准,对比并统计超声弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声两种诊断方法在乳腺良恶性鉴别中效果,结果显示超声弹性成像的诊断灵敏性、特异性、准确性均明显高于彩色多普勒超声检查结果,且差异具有统计学意义(2=4.02、5.68、4.79,P0.05)。结论超声弹性成像是一种无创评价组织弹性的显像方式,可以用不同的评价方法对肿块进行更加客观的评价分析,其灵敏性、特异性、准确性均较彩色多普勒超声明显提高。     

乳腺肿块的彩色多普勒超声诊断分析

应用彩色多普勒超声可观察乳腺肿块的二维超声表现及彩色多普勒血流状况，其目的在于探讨良恶性乳腺肿块的超声特点，为临床提供诊断依据。本文分析了314例乳腺肿块的彩色多普勒超声检查结果，旨在提高诊断水平。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的高频彩色多普勒超声分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒多参数分析对乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断的价值。材料和方法:应用高频彩色多普勒对96例104个乳腺实质肿块进行扫查,观察肿块的彩色多普勒血流信号及多普勒血流频谱形态,与手术病理结果对照分析。结果:64.4%的良性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,良性肿块中血流频谱以低阻力搏动型及静脉型多见,91.1%的乳腺恶性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,恶性肿块的血流频谱形态较多样化,即同时有多种血流频谱,且以高阻力搏动型和湍流型为多见。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声多参数综合分析有助于临床对乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

超声造影和彩色多普勒超声联合检查乳腺肿块的临床价值

随着彩色多普勒检查和超声造影技术的广泛应用,乳腺肿块的临床诊断也有了很大提高。本文对经过超声造影及彩色多普勒超声联合检查68例乳腺肿块的患者临床资料进行分析,探讨其临床价值。     

彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒技术对乳腺肿块的诊断作用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒超声在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法 对90例乳腺肿块行彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒血流研究，测量其血流参数。结果 乳腺恶性肿块内收缩期峰值血流速度（Vp)、阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）均高于良性肿块，两组间有显性差异（P＜0.01)。结论 在乳腺肿块诊断中，彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒技术是一种简便、有效的辅助检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的应用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）观察乳腺肿块的血流特点，评价血流参数（PSV、R0对乳腺良、恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法运用CDFI检测73例的77个乳腺肿块，并与术后病理对照。对其中超声检测出血流的60个乳腺肿块观察血流特点并进行血流参数测定，比较乳腺良、恶性肿块的差异，同时对RI诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值加以分析。结果乳腺恶性肿块的CDFI血流信号较良性肿块明显丰富。恶性肿块的PSV、RI值明显高于良性肿块CP〈O．05），以RI≥0．70诊断乳腺癌敏感性和特异性较高，分别为82．6％和80．95％。结论彩色多普勒血流显像及血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值。     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺Paget's病临床价值

目的:探讨高频彩色多普勒超声诊断Paget's病临床价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的乳腺Paget's病声像图特征.结果:高频彩色多普勒超声对Paget's病合并乳腺实质内肿块的病例诊断意义较大.结论:高频彩色多普勒超声检查结合临床表现可提高对乳腺Paget's病的认识及诊断准确性.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.