氩等离子体凝固切除中心气道内阻塞性病变的疗效

目的了解氩等离子体凝固切除中心气道内阻塞性病变的疗效。方法2003年11月至2006年12月收治的53例伴有中心气道阻塞性病变患者，男37例，女16例，平均年龄55（14～82）岁，其中恶性肿瘤28例，良性肿瘤13例，其他疾病12例。使用局部麻醉或全身麻醉，支气管镜下应用德国ERBE公司氩等离子体凝固300型机切除病变。根据病变切除程度、狭窄再通和临床资料判断疗效。结果53例患者的病变分布于86处，有效切除病变的成功率分别为：气管内病变97％（35／36），主支气管79％（22／28），叶支气管和中间段支气管64％（14／22）；良性病变的成功率（92％，34／37）高于恶性病变（76％，37／49）。中心气道严重阻塞致呼吸衰竭的患者18例，全身麻醉下经氩等离子体凝固治疗即刻缓解。结论氩等离子体凝固适用于切除中心大气道的腔内增生性病变；治疗后即刻起效，可以用于抢救急诊重症病例。重症患者应该给予全身麻醉和机械通气，以提高介入治疗的成功率和安全性。     

氩等离子体凝固治疗气道阻塞性病变的临床观察

目的了解支气管镜下氩等离子凝固（APC）治疗气道阻塞性病变的有效性和安全性。方法在支气管镜下应用APC治疗气道阻塞性病变。结果 18例气道狭窄患者,接受APC治疗26次。恶性肿瘤有效率53.8%,良性病变100.0%,7例使用圈套器,有效率提高至85.7%。治疗效果与位置密切相关,气管有效率100.0%,中间段及主支气管77.8%,叶支气管42.9%。治疗中未发生严重并发症。结论支气管镜下行APC治疗可以有效、安全的切除部分气道（尤其是中心气道）阻塞性病变,良性病变优于恶性病变,局限病变可联合圈套器治疗。     

经电子支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄的探讨

目的探讨经电子支气管镜氩等离子体凝固疗法（氩气刀）治疗气道狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法采用德国ER-BE公司生产的APC300型内镜专用氩气刀,经电子支气管镜对66例气道狭窄患者进行氩气刀治疗。其中恶性肿瘤41例（肺癌32例,甲状腺癌侵及气管1例,食道癌侵及气管6例,肺转移癌2例）;支气管内膜结核9例;气道良性肿瘤2例（气管多形性腺瘤及气管平滑肌瘤各1例）;炎性肉芽组织增生14例。以病变处狭窄获得再通、临床症状改善进行疗效评价。结果66例进行了182次氩气刀治疗（28例1次,30例2-4次,8例5次以上）。显效及部分有效51例（77.27％）,轻度有效14例（21.21％）,无效1例。结论氩气刀治疗气道狭窄疗效佳,并发症少,安全性好,有较高的临床推广价值。     

APC在治疗恶性气道阻塞性病变的疗效观察

目的评估经支气管镜氩等离子体凝固术(APC)治疗气道阻塞性病变的疗效。方法分析我院经支气管镜氩等离子体凝固治疗联合化疗的肺癌患者30例(A组:APC治疗联合化疗组)和单纯化疗的肺癌患者32例(B组:单纯化疗组)。收集患者治疗前后临床症状改善情况、肺功能、血气分析、气促等级以及生活质量评分等资料。结果 A组患者经治疗后,气道再通有效率为80%,患者临床症状显著改善; B组患者经治疗后,气道再通有效率仅为18. 8%。A组患者经治疗后肺功能、气促等级和生活质量评分改善显著高于B组(P 0. 05),且患者未出现严重并发症。结论 APC治疗恶性气道阻塞性病变的近期疗效较好,可很快缓解症状,改善患者生活质量。     

经电子支气管镜氩等离子体凝固治疗支气管结核

目的探讨经电子支气管镜氩等离子体凝固（argon plasma coagulation,APC又称氩气刀）治疗支气管结核临床应用价值。方法应用ERBEAPC-300型治疗仪经电子支气管镜对25例支气管结核进行治疗,其中包括10例炎性浸润型,9例黏膜溃疡及干酪坏死型,3例肉芽增殖型,2例疤痕狭窄型,1例管壁软化型,其中2例疤痕狭窄型需结合高压球囊扩张气道成形术。从病灶狭窄处治疗后再通及临床症状改善进行疗效评价。结果 25例患者进行了61次APC治疗（2例1次,10例2次,13例3次）。完全有效20例（80%）,部分有效2例（8%）,轻度有效2例（8%）,无效1例（4%）。结论经电子支气管镜APC治疗支气管结核是一种安全有效的方法。     

气道内结核病的微创治疗

目的探讨氩等离子体凝固术（APC）结合CO2冷冻治疗气道结核的疗效。方法15例气道结核患者中右侧支气管4例,主气管3例,左主支气管9例。在抗结核的基础上,给予气管镜下APC＋冷冻＋药物注射治疗。结果5例干酪坏死型及4例增殖型气道结核经治疗后4—10个月均痊愈。5例接受裸支架的患者,半年～1年后气道再狭窄,将支架取出后给予APC＋冷冻治疗,病情好转。左主支气管闭塞2例,无法再通,另1例经APC＋冷冻＋球囊扩张等处理,半年后痊愈。结论APC结合冷冻治疗气道结核,能加速溃疡愈合,减少气道狭窄的发生。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术与注射术治疗非食管静脉曲张性上消化道出血疗效分析

目的探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术（argon plasma coagulation,APC）治疗上消化道出血的临床应用价值。方法采用氩气刀对非食管静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者进行治疗（APC组）,以内镜下注射肾上腺素止血为对照组（注射组）,比较两组的有效止血率。结果注射组的患者中,112例患者未再出血。4例患者再出血,总有效率96．6％。APC组的患者中,119例患者未再出血,2例患者再出血,总有效率98．3％。结论APC组及注射组止血有效率高,无明显差异性（P〉0．05）。但内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗非食管静脉曲张性上消化道出血具有疗效确切,安全快速,并发症少,患者痛苦小等特点,临床应用价值较高。     

经纤维支气管镜氩离子凝固治疗气道狭窄

氩离子凝固(APC)又称氩气刀，是一种应用高频电流将氩气流电离，以非接触性方式达到组织凝固的方法。将氩离子用导管经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)导入气道内对病灶进行治疗称为经纤支镜APC治疗。我科应用APC治疗了18例气道狭窄患，现报道如下。     

局部麻醉及支气管软镜下氩气刀治疗中心气道阻塞性病变的安全性

中心气道阻塞性病变的腔内治疗有多种方法，都是在内窥镜下使用激光、高频电刀、氩气刀、微波、冷冻等方法。如果使用得当，上述方法对气道内阻塞性病变均可达到缓解或去除阻塞的目的，但需要关注这些方法的并发症和禁忌证。现对有关氩等离子体凝固（argon plasma coagulation，氩气刀）治疗的安全性进行探讨。     

氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核

目的 探讨经支气管镜行氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 将经痰或支气管肺泡灌洗液抗酸染色涂片、培养,影像学和支气管镜检查及病理结果确诊36例支气管结核患者纳入观察范围,常规抗结核化疗基础上,在支气管镜下行氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗,并追踪观察治疗结果。以患者治疗后的主要症状、体征缓解情况,胸部X线或CT扫描,支气管镜复查观察病灶大小、气道黏膜、管腔通畅情况为疗效判断依据,评价治疗结果,同时观察不良反应及并发症。 结果 36例支气管结核患者行氩等离子体凝固序贯冷冻治疗,平均治疗(4±2)次/例,完全有效24例(66.7%),部分有效10例(27.8%),轻度有效2例(5.6%)。所有病例未见严重不良反应及并发症。 结论 氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核不但可以快速使气道恢复通畅,缓解病人临床症状,还可有效地控制肉芽增生,使治疗后的局部组织创面光滑。氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核是一种无明显并发症和不良反应,安全有效的方法。     

Argon plasma coagulation in bronchology: a new method--alternative or complementary?

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a thermal coagulation technique that uses ionized argon to transmit high-frequency electrical current, contact free, to tissue. APC has been used in surgery for more than 20 years, particularly for the hemostasis of superficial bleeding. Although APC has become well established in gastrointestinal endoscopy since its introduction in 1991, very few reports of its use in bronchoscopy exist to date. From June 1994 to June 1998, 364 patients (80 women, 284 men), 88% with a confirmed malignant tumor, were treated prospectively in a total of 482 sessions. The single most common indication was recanalization of malignant airway stenoses (186 patients). The defined therapy objective was achieved with good results in 67% of patients. More than 90% of interventions were performed with rigid bronchoscopy. Despite less penetration compared with Nd:YAG laser, extensive bronchial tumors were treatable, in which coagulated tumor fractions were removed either with forceps or bronchoscope tip. The second indication was bleeding in the central airways (119 patients). Acute hemostasis was achieved in 118 patients, 20% in whom the flexible technique under local anesthesia was used. In 34 patients, APC was successfully used to recanalize occluded stents. Rare indications included benign endobronchial tumor, fistula conditioning before fibrin adhesion, and the treatment of scar tissue stenosis. Summarizing all complications, a rate of 3.7% "per treatment" was recorded. Two patients died within 24 hours; their deaths were not directly related to APC. APC is an effective and safe technique for the treatment of bronchologic tumor ablation and hemostasis and can be used with local anaesthetic with flexible bronchoscopy or rigid bronchoscopy with general anesthesia. Compared with Nd:YAG laser, APC is an economic alternative technique offering more effective hemostasis. Furthermore, APC is of particular value as a compliment to well-known techniques, increasing the options in interventional bronchoscopy.     

Endobronchial argon plasma coagulation for treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of endobronchial argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Bronchoscopy unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 60 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (n = 43), metastatic tumors affecting the bronchi (n = 14), or benign bronchial disease (n = 3). Indications for intervention were hemoptysis (n = 31), symptomatic airway obstruction (n = 14), and both obstruction and hemoptysis (n = 25). Hemoptysis was stratified as a volume of > 200 mL/d (n = 6), > 50 to 200 mL/d (n = 23), or < or = 50 mL/d but persistence for > 1 week (n = 27). The mean (+/- SD) duration of hemoptysis was 16.5 +/- 16.1 days before intervention. Obstruction sites were the trachea (n = 8), mainstem bronchi (n = 21), and lobar bronchi (n = 30). In 24 cases, the patient had obstructions at multiple sites. The mean size of the pretreatment obstruction was 76 +/- 24.9%. INTERVENTIONS: APC, a noncontact form of electrocoagulation, was performed via flexible bronchoscopy. Sixty patients underwent 70 procedures. Conscious sedation without endotracheal intubation was used in all patients except four, who were mechanically ventilated because of underlying respiratory failure. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All patients with hemoptysis experienced a resolution of bleeding immediately after APC. Hemoptysis from treated sites did not recur during a mean follow-up duration of 97 +/- 91.9 days. Patients with endoluminal airway lesions had an overall decrease in mean obstruction size to 18.4 +/- 22.1%. All patients with obstructive lesions, except one who died of sepsis, experienced symptom improvement. In these patients, symptom control was maintained during a median follow-up period of 53 days (range, 18 to 321 days). There were no complications related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: APC is effective for the treatment of endoluminal hemoptysis and airway obstruction. The procedure can be performed in an outpatient setting or at the bedside in the ICUs. APC provides a simpler, lower-risk alternative to other interventional endobronchial techniques.     

支气管动脉化疗+栓塞与支气管动脉化疗联合氩等离子体治疗晚期中央型肺癌的疗效比较

目的探讨应用支气管动脉化疗联合氩等离子体治疗晚期中央型肺癌的近期疗效。方法分析比较我院45例晚期中央型肺癌分别行支气管动脉化疗+栓塞与支气管动脉化疗联合氩等离子体治疗疗效差别。结果支气管动脉化疗联合氩等离子体治疗晚期中央型肺癌组实体瘤缓解率(87.5%)及气道狭窄再通改善率(91.7%)明显优于支气管动脉化疗+栓塞组的57.1%及52.4%,且近期生存质量好。结论应用支气管动脉化疗联合氩等离子体治疗晚期中央型肺癌近期疗效明显优于支气管动脉化疗+栓塞治疗组,且能提高患者生活质量。     

经支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道内肿物的分析

目的探讨经支气管镜氩气刀治疗气管内肿物的临床效果。方法对18例气道内肿物的患者进行APC治疗,以病变狭窄再通情况、症状缓解情况进行疗效评价。结果 18例患者共进行了36次APC治疗,其中完全有效5例(27.8%),部分有效8例(44.4%),轻度有效4例(22.2%),无效1例(5.6%)。结论 APC治疗气道内肿物取得较好疗效。     

经人工气道冷冻联合氩等离子电凝治疗晚期中央型肺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨经人工气道支气管镜下冷冻联合氩等离子电凝（APC）治疗晚期中央型肺癌的可行性、安全性。方法回顾分析我院2011年2月至2012年12月经人工气道在支气管镜下对41例晚期中央型肺癌,行冷冻,并联合APC治疗的临床资料进行分析,术后一周评价疗效。评价指标包括术前、术后咳嗽、咯血、发热症状,呼吸困难指数、影像学检查、支气管镜复查气道狭窄情况等。结果患者咳嗽减轻13例（31．7％）,咯血缓解14例（34．1％）,发热缓解9例（22．0％）,术前呼吸困难指数3．5±0．42,术后1．8±0．33;影像学提示阻塞性肺炎、肺不张消退12例（29．3％）,好转27例（65．9％）,无变化者2例;气管镜复查完全有效17例（41．5％）,部分有效21例（51．2％）,无效3例（7．3％）。结论经人工气道支气管镜下冷冻联合APC治疗中央气道肿瘤可以缓解咳嗽、咯血、发热、呼吸困难等症状,并发症少,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗气道狭窄的临床疗效

目的观察电子支气管镜下氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗良恶性肿瘤所致气道狭窄的临床疗效。方法对33例良恶性肿瘤导致气道阻塞患者,经电子支气管镜下进行氩气刀、高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗,观察疗效和并发症的发生率。结果 33例患者共进行63次治疗,近期完全有效10例(30.3%),部分有效9例(27.3%),轻度有效12例(36.4%),无效2例(6.0%),33例患者中,术后12例出现痰血,6例出现38.0℃以下低热,无气胸、纵隔气肿、大咯血等严重并发症。结论支气管镜下氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗良恶性肿瘤引起的气道阻塞疗效显著,对良性肿瘤避免了开胸手术,可达到临床根治;对恶性肿瘤疗效直接,是非常有效的姑息治疗手段。     

经支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄临床观察

目的 探讨经支气管镜氩气刀治疗在气道狭窄的作用及安全性评价.方法 对140 例确诊为中心气道狭窄的患者,在积极治疗原发病的同时,经支气管镜引导进行氩离子凝固术APC.根据狭窄再通和气促评分情况评价疗效.结果 经支气管镜介入治疗1 个月后评价疗效.完全有效62 例(44.3%),部分有效55例(39.3 %),轻度有效2...