液体复苏时机对烫伤休克大鼠内脏血管通透性的影响

目的 探讨不同复苏时机对烧伤延迟复苏大鼠内脏血管通透性的影响.方法 64只SD大鼠30%Ⅲ度烫伤后,随机分为烫伤组、早期复苏组、延迟复苏组.伤后9 h取肺、心、肝、肾,测定脏器血管通透性、组织含水量、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性.结果 与烫伤组和早期复苏组相比,伤后9h延迟复苏组大鼠肺、心、肝、肾的血管通透性、含水量和MPO活性明显增高.结论 烧伤延迟复苏大鼠内脏的血管通透性明显增加,中性粒细胞聚集是其重要机制之一.     

延迟复苏增加失血性休克犬肺组织含水量和血管通透性

目的:研究延迟补液对失血性休克犬肺组织含水量和血管通透性的影响.方法:Beagle犬14只,先期无菌手术行颈动、静脉置管,24 h后从颈动脉放血造成失血性休克,总失血量为全身血容量的42%.随机分为延迟补液组(n=8)和立即补液组(n=6).失血后第1个24 h延迟补液组无治疗,立即补液组静脉输入3倍失血量的乳酸林格氏液.失血后24 h起两组犬均实施静脉补液.于失血前(0 h)和失血后第2、4、8、24、48 h和72 h测定动物非麻醉状态下的呼吸频率(RR)、动脉氧分压(PaO2)、血管外肺水指数(ELWI)和肺血管通透性指数(PVPI),于失血后72h或动物濒死前测定肺组织含水率.结果:失血后72 h延迟补液组死亡率为5/8(62.5%),而立即补液组为0.失血后8 h,延迟补液组MAP[(55.8±4.1)mmHg]和PaO2[(86.3±2.9)mmHg]分别比失血前降低46.2%和22.4%:ELWI[(168.8±12.1)mL]和PVPI(5.9±0.6)增加31.4%和78.8%.立即补液组MAP和PaO2显著高于延迟补液组;ELWI和PVPI显著低于延迟补液组(均P＜0.05).延迟补液组肺组织含水率[(88.37±2.73)%]显著高于立即补液组[(81.52±2.13)%,P＜0.05].结论:延迟补液显著增加失血休克动物肺血管通透性和肺组织含水量,加重肺脏功能障碍.     

新诊断多发性骨髓瘤患者黏附分子的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨新诊断多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)患者黏附分子的表达及其临床意义.方法 选择2009年1月至2012年1月,于陕西省榆林市第一医院治疗的145例NDMM患者为研究对象,纳入NDMM组(n=145),其中,国际分期体系(ISS)分期系ISS-Ⅰ期患者为33例,ISS-Ⅱ期患者为45例,ISS-Ⅲ期患者为67例.选择61例无症状/冒烟型骨髓瘤(SMM)患者与47例意义未明单克隆免疫球蛋白病(MGUS)患者作为对照,将其分别纳入SMM组(n=61)和MGUS组(n=47).观察NDMM组、SMM组及MGUS组患者血管细胞黏附分子(VCAM)-1,细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)-1及P-、L-、E-选择素等黏附分子水平,以及NDMM组患者的疾病特征(β2-微球蛋白、肌酐、尿素和白蛋白水平).统计学比较3组患者黏附分子水平,NDMM组不同ISS分期患者的黏附分子水平,以及分析NDMM组患者黏附分子水平与MM疾病特征的相关性.观察NDMM组患者总体生存(OS)期,采用单因素Cox回归分析方法,分析NDMM患者OS期的影响因素.根据已有研究结果、临床经验及单因素Cox回归分析中差异有统计学意义的影响因素,采用多因素Cox回归分析,对NDMM患者OS期的独立危险因素进行分析.结果 ①NDMM组VCAM-1水平,显著高于SMM组与MGUS组,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z=4.33、2.71,P=0.001、0.009).SMM组与MGUS组VCAM-1水平比较,差异亦有统计学意义(Z=1.79,P=0.047).NDMM组与SMM组ICAM-1水平,均显著高于MGUS组,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.70、2.97,P=0.009、0.007).NDMM组和SMM组ICAM-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=0.18,P=0.870).NDMM组L-、P-选择素水平,均显著低于SMM组和MGUS组,并且差异均有统计学意义(L-选择素水平:Z=3.77、9.86,P=0.002、0.001;P-选择素水平:Z=6.71、8.48,P=0.001、0.001).SMM组与MGUS组的L-、P-选择素水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(Z=1.01、0.31,P=0.640、0.780).3组E-选择素水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②NDMM组ISS-Ⅰ期患者的VCAM-1水平,显著低于ISS-Ⅱ、-Ⅲ期患者,并且差异有统计学意义(Z=2.91、8.72,P=0.007、0.001).NDMM组ISS-Ⅰ期患者的P-选择素水平,显著高于ISS-Ⅱ、-Ⅲ期,并且差异亦有统计学意义(Z=2.66、3.47,P=0.013、0.002).NDMM组不同ISS分期患者的ICAM-1及L、E-选择素水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③NDMM组患者ICAM-1水平与VCAM-1水平呈正相关关系(r=0.466,P=0.001),与P-选择素水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.216,P=0.011).NDMM组患者VCAM 1水平与β2-微球蛋白、尿素和肌酐水平均呈正相关关系(r=0.560、0.430、0.436,P=0.002、0.001、0.001),与白蛋白水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.167,P=0.018).P-、L-选择素水平与β2-微球蛋白、肌酐和尿素水平均呈负相关关系(P-选择素水平:r=-0.430、-0.215、-0.339,P=0.006、0.021、0.017;L-选择素水平:r=-0.284、-0.321、-0.251,P=0.033、0.002、0.001),与白蛋白水平呈正相关关系(r=0.354、0.381,P=0.001、0.001).④NDMM患者OS期影响因素的单因素Cox回归分析结果显示,VCAM-1水平(HR=0.546,95％CI:0.376～0.981,P=0.003),P-选择素水平(HR=0.490,95％CI:0.277～0.998,P=0.017),ISS分期(HR=0.476,95％CI:0.341～0.965,P=0.026)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平(HR=0.466,95％CI:0.272～0.873,P=0.001),均为NDMM患者OS期的影响因素.NDMM患者OS期影响因素的多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,VCAM-1水平≥799 ng/mL(HR=0.444,95％CI:0.246～0.801,P=0.007),LDH水平＜300 U/L(HR=0.350,95％CI:0.133～0.919,P=0.033)和ISS分期(HR=0.392,95％CI:0.225～0.681,P=0.001),均为NDMM组患者OS期的独立危险因素.结论 VCAM-1水平是NDMM患者OS期的独立危险因素.但是,VCAM-1是否可以作为抗NDMM治疗的潜在靶点,则尚需进一步研究、证实.     

Right ventricular function in early septic shock states

Objectives To define a variable which could reliability predict when fluid resuscitation as monotherapy is not expected to improve organ perfusion pressure, owing to limitations in cardiac output responsiveness in patients with severe sepsis.Design Prospective controlled trial.Setting Anesthesiological ICU in a university hospital.Patients Twenty seven patients in early septic shock states (MAP<60 mmHg).Interventions Infusion therapy was titrated until no further increase in cardiac index and mean arterial pressure could be achieved. Fluid resuscitation as monotherapy was deemed unsuccessful at the end of 2 h if inotropic or vasoactive pharmacologic support was required to maintain a mean arterial pressure > 60 mmHg.Measurements and results We investigated the hemodynamic course during fluid resuscitation (2850±210 ml crystalloids) with special emphasis on right heart function using the thermodilution technique. Eleven patients (group A) had a right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction below 45%. In this group positive inotropic and/or vasoactive drugs were obligatory to achieve and maintain a sufficient perfusion pressure (MAP>60 mmHg) after fluid challenge.Conclusions In 27 septic shock patients investigated, we diagnosed right ventricular dysfunction in 41%. In this specific patient population fluid replacement alone did not succeed in stabilizing hemodynamic variables, therefore necessitating catecholamine therapy.     

Volume expansion of albumin, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, saline and erythrocytes after haemorrhage in the rat

Objective To compare the colloids 5% albumin, 4% gelatin and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 with each other and with saline, regarding their plasma-expanding effects after haemorrhage; these were also compared with the intravascular volume-expanding effect of re-transfusion with erythrocytes.Design Controlled, prospective, randomised laboratory study.Setting University research laboratory.Subjects Thirty-five adult rats.Interventions Plasma volume was determined (I¹²⁵ albumin tracer technique) after haemorrhage of 20 ml/kg and 3 h after a bolus infusion of 20 ml/kg of each of the colloids or 80 ml/kg of saline, or 6.7 ml/kg of erythrocytes diluted in 9 ml/kg of saline. Blood pressure, haematocrit (Hct), blood gases and physiological parameters were measured.Measurements and results Plasma volume after haemorrhage was 29.6±2.6 ml/kg (n=35). With the bolus infusion, plasma volume increased by 21.1±3.6 ml/kg in the albumin group (n=7), by 13.1±2.9 ml/kg in the gelatin group (n=7), by 13.8±2.2 ml/kg in the HES group (n=7), by 16.0±2.4 ml/kg in the saline group (n=7) and by 6.9±2.3 ml/kg in the erythrocyte group (n=7) 3 h after the infusion. In the latter group, there was a total increase in intravascular volume of 13.6±2.5 ml/kg including the erythrocyte volume. Arterial pressure was better preserved in the albumin and erythrocyte groups than in the other groups.Conclusion Albumin 5% was a more effective plasma volume expander than gelatin and HES. Saline, with a four times larger volume, and erythrocytes in about 1/3 of the volume had a similar volume-expanding effect to gelatin and HES.     

Plasma volume expansion of 5% albumin, 4% gelatin, 6% HES 130/0.4, and normal saline under increased microvascular permeability in the rat

Objective To compare the colloids 5% albumin, 4% gelatin, and 6% HES 130/0.4 with one another and with normal saline regarding their plasma expanding effects at increased permeability and to compare the results with those from a previous study at normal permeability. Design and setting Prospective controlled randomized laboratory study in a university research laboratory. Subjects 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions Permeability was increased by an injection of 0.5 ml dextran 70 using the fact that dextran causes anaphylactic reaction in the rat. Plasma volume was determined (¹²⁵I albumin tracer technique) after anesthesia, 1 h after dextran injection (before infusion for 10–15 min of 20 ml/kg bw of each of the colloids or 80 ml/kg saline), and 3 h later. Blood pressure, hematocrit, blood gases, and electrolytes were measured. CVP was measured in four rats. Measurements and results Plasma volume was 41.1 ± 1.9 ml/kg at baseline (n = 9), and 29.1 ± 4.1 ml/kg (n = 35) 1 h after the dextran injection. Three hours after infusion of the plasma expander plasma volume had increased by 17.1 ± 3.4 ml/kg in the albumin group, 7.9 ± 3.6 ml/kg in the gelatin group, 7.4 ± 4.4 ml/kg in the HES group, and 12.2 ± 3.1 ml/kg in the saline group. It was unchanged in a control group given no solution (n = 7 for all groups). Conclusion Albumin was a more effective plasma volume expander than gelatin or HES or saline (saline in 4 times larger volume). Gelatin and HES were equally effective. All solutions showed a smaller plasma expanding effect than observed in a previous study with normal permeability.     

Serum markers of vascular inflammation in dyslipemia

Atherosclerosis is widely recognized as an inflammatory disease because systemic and local inflammatory events mediate all phases of plaque development and progression. Basic and clinical studies have focused on identifying potentially useful markers of inflammation. In this article, we review the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlight recent results of several of the more promising markers of inflammation for cardiovascular risk assessment. Of these markers, the most reliable and accessible for clinical use is currently high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). At present, most clinical guidelines do not recommend routine measurement of these inflammatory markers. However, these serum markers of vascular inflammation may be useful as an adjunct to lipid screening, especially for patients whose lipid values may not be severely elevated, but who are at intermediate risk according to scoring systems that take into account multiple established risk factors. In addition, since the pleiotropic effects of statins include the inhibition of inflammatory response, serum inflammatory markers could also be useful for monitoring this action. Nevertheless, several issues have to be evaluated before the measurements of inflammatory markers can be used for cardiovascular risk prediction in either clinical practice or in clinical trials evaluating anti-atherosclerotic drugs.     

早期目标导向治疗的液体管理策略对休克患者预后的影响

目的 探讨早期目标导向治疗(EGDT)中液体管理策略对休克患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析79例本院急诊重症监护病房( EICU)感染性休克或失血性休克患者的临床资料.按理论计算大概的输液量持续液体复苏,并根据血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度( SpO2)及尿量来决定输液速度,复苏终点是自主循环功能恢复、血管活性药物撤离的患者为持续液体复苏组(41例);在早期给予一定量(20 ml/kg)液体复苏后采用血管活性药物来维持血压的患者为保守液体复苏组(38例),比较2组患者28 d病死率和升压药物使用时间.按28 d预后分为存活组(37例)和死亡组(42例),比较急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分等相关指标,对影响患者预后的因素进行logistic回归分析,确定和描述休克患者的预后与液体复苏方法策略间的关系.结果 持续液体复苏组28d病死率明显低于保守液体复苏组(14.63％比94.74％,P＜0.01),升压药物使用时间(h)明显缩短(33.24±17.56比58.29±34.78,P＜0.05).42例死亡患者中选择保守液体复苏36例(85.7％),37例存活患者中选择持续液体复苏35例(94.6％).Logistic回归分析显示,出ICU或死前的脑钠肽优势比(OR)=0.9136,95％可信区间(95％CI)为(0.8125,0.9986),回归系数-0.0931,P=0.0478;出 ICU或死前降钙素原OR=0.9095,95％ CI为(0.8294,0.9973),回归系数-0.0949,P=0.0436;出ICU或死前血乳酸OR=0.5023,95％CI为(0.2833,0.8905),回归系数-0.6885,P=0.0184.结论 按理论计算输液量早期持续进行液体复苏,并根据患者的血压、心率、SpO2及尿量来决策输液速度,及时撤离血管活性药物的休克患者病死率明显降低.     

Ischemia-modified albumin in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a preliminary study

Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a sensitive marker of myocardial ischemia, skeletal muscle ischemia, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. However, there are no studies showing whether IMA increases in mesenteric ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether IMA was elevated in acute mesenteric ischemia. This case-controlled study was performed in an emergency department of a university hospital. The measurement of IMA levels in patient plasma yielded means of 0.264 +/- 0.057 absorbance units (ABSU) in the thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) group and 0.163 +/- 0.025 ABSU in the control group. When plasma IMA levels in the thromboembolic occlusion SMA group were compared with those in the control group, statistically significant increases in IMA were observed in the occlusion group (P = .003). Findings indicating that IMA may have a place in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric embolism were obtained in this preliminary study. Further prospective studies are needed to see if IMA is clinically useful in the early detection of thromboembolic occlusion of the SMA.     

L-选择素介导中性粒细胞与LPS激活的内皮细胞黏附

目的 研究L－选择素在大鼠中性粒细胞（PMN）与LPS激活的内皮细胞间黏附中的介导作用。方法 用组织块培养法培养肺微血管内皮细胞（PMEC），用淋巴细胞分离液分离大鼠PMN，测定用L－选择素单抗、L－选择素配体硫苷脂孵育后的大鼠PMN与不同浓度LPS激活的PMEC间黏附率。结果 L－选择性单抗、硫苷脂均能使中性粒细胞与LPS激活的PMEC间黏附率降低。结论 L－选择素介导了PMN与激活的PMEC间黏附。     

早期目标性复苏治疗曲线图用于感染性休克患者液体复苏的效果观察

目的：探讨早期目标性复苏治疗曲线图对感染性休克患者液体复苏的效果,提高对感染性休克液体复苏评估的准确性和科学性,及时采取护理干预措施。方法：将48例感染性休克患者分为观察组和对照组各24例,观察组将数据绘制成曲线图并采取干预措施,对照组按传统方法处理。观察比较两组复苏6 h、复苏24 h EGDT指标的变化和两组液体治疗的效果。结果：两组复苏6 h、复苏24 h EGDT指标的变化差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;两组6 h补液量、肺水肿发生率、休克持续时间、二次复苏率、血管活性药物运用上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：使用EGDT曲线图可及时、动态、系统、全面的发现病情变化,从而提高治愈率。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生兔细胞粘附分子表达的变化

目的:观察缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)对新生兔细胞粘附分子表达的影响。方法:采用结扎左颈总动脉后置于低氧状态容器中2h的方法制作HIE模型兔32只,分4组,每组8只,分别于模型制作成功后2h、12h、24h、48h测定中性粒细胞表面细胞粘附分子CD11b、CD18,脑组织细胞粘附分子ICAM-1及血管内皮细胞粘附分子VCAM-1,并与对照组进行比较。结果:HIE组CD11b、CD18,ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达明显高于对照组,缺氧缺血2h即见表达增强,在24h达到高峰,48h时稍下降,但仍在较高水平,与对照组比较差异有显著性。结论:缺氧缺血性脑病新生兔中性粒细胞CD11b、CD18、脑细胞细胞粘附分子ICAM-1、血管内皮细胞粘附分子VCAM-1表达增强,细胞粘附分子的变化参与HIE的病理生理过程。     

不同补液强度对重度失血性休克早期血清乳酸及钾的影响

目的 研究不同剂量液体治疗对重度失血性休克早期血清乳酸及钾的影响.方法 采用控制性颈动脉放血法建立持续出血性休克兔模型,共42只,随机分为3组,各14只,无补液组不输液;大剂量复苏组按失血量两倍输液,速度参照平均动脉压70～ 80 mm Hg目标值调整;小剂量复苏组按失血量1倍输液,速度参照平均动脉压50～60 mm Hg目标值调整,于休克前及液体治疗1、2、3、4 h分别检测血清乳酸及钾浓度,观察病死率.结果 小剂量组血清乳酸及钾浓度在治疗1、2、3、4h均显著低于无补液组(P＜0.05)和大剂量复苏组(P＜0.05),4h病死率(1/14)显著低于无补液组(10/14),而大剂量组病死率(5/14)与其他两组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 限制性液体复苏可以降低未控制失血的创伤出血性休克早期病死率,小剂量补液较快速大量补液更有利于抑制酸中毒进展及高钾血症.     

The role of chemokines in the microenvironmental control of T versus B cell arrest in Peyer's patch high endothelial venules

Chemokines have been hypothesized to contribute to the selectivity of lymphocyte trafficking not only as chemoattractants, but also by triggering integrin-dependent sticking (arrest) of circulating lymphocytes at venular sites of extravasation. We show that T cells roll on most Peyer's patch high endothelial venules (PP-HEVs), but preferentially arrest in segments displaying high levels of luminal secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) (6Ckine, Exodus-2, thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4 [TCA-4]). This arrest is selectively inhibited by functional deletion (desensitization) of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), the receptor for SLC and for macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3beta (EBV-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine [ELC]), and does not occur in mutant DDD/1 mice that are deficient in these CCR7 ligands. In contrast, pertussis toxin-sensitive B cell sticking does not require SLC or MIP-3beta signaling, and occurs efficiently in SLC(low/-) HEV segments in wild-type mice, and in the SLC-negative HEVs of DDD/1 mice. Remarkably, sites of T and B cell firm adhesion are segregated in PPs, with HEVs supporting B cell accumulation concentrated in or near follicles, the target domain of most B cells entering PPs, whereas T cells preferentially accumulate in interfollicular HEVs. Our findings reveal a fundamental difference in signaling requirements for PP-HEV recognition by T and B cells, and describe an unexpected level of specialization of HEVs that may allow differential, segmental control of lymphocyte subset recruitment into functionally distinct lymphoid microenvironments in vivo.     

贝前列素钠对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1、C反应蛋白及尿微量白蛋白排泄率影响的临床观察

目的 观察贝前列素钠对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的临床疗效.方法 测定27例糖尿病无肾病患者(糖尿病无肾病组)、48例早期DN(DN组)患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)浓度,并将48例早期DN患者随机分为两组,常规治疗组和贝前列素钠治疗组,各24例,测定两组治疗前后sICAM-1、C反应蛋白(CRP)及尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的变化.结果 早期DN患者血清sICAM-1浓度[(1385±171) g/L与(943±167) g/L;t=1.034,P=0.002]明显高于糖尿病无肾病组.贝前列素钠治疗组与常规治疗组治疗前血浆sICAM-1、CRP及UAER浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),治疗后均较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且贝前列素钠治疗组较常规治疗组改善明显,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 早期DN患者即存在血清sICAM-1浓度升高,贝前列素钠治疗显著降低早期DN患者血清sICAM-1、CRP及UAER浓度,对早期DN有保护作用.     

Modulating the SDF-1/CXCL12-induced cancer cell growth and adhesion by sulfated K5 polysaccharides in vitro

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) is involved in the process of tumor progression. Sulfated K5 polysaccharides have shown anti-cancer activity by acting on multiple targets, though it remains unclear whether sulfated K5 polysaccharides would disrupt SDF-1/CXCL12-stimulated cancer biology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulfated K5 polysaccharides on cell growth, adhesion in murine B16 melanoma cells and the underlying mechanism by targeting SDF-1/CXCL12. Results indicated that K5-NS,OS inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells, induced the cell cycle arrest mainly at the G0/G1 phase, and suppressed cancer cell proliferation or adhesion induced by SDF-1/CXCL12. It was possible that K5-NS,OS appeared to interact with CXCL12 and block the subsequent biological functions. This work suggests that the existence of O- and N-sulfate groups is more effective in targeting CXCL12 and exhibiting anti-cancer activity.     

肾小球肾炎患者WBC流变性和CD18表达及血清sICAM—1浓度测定及其意义

探讨ＷＢＣ流变性和细胞粘附分子（ＣＡＭｓ）与肾小球肾炎病情变化的关系。方法采用红细胞变形能力测定仪、体外。栓血小板粘附两用仪及酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,分别检测了４０例急性肾小球肾炎患者、４２例慢性肾小球肾炎患者和４５例健康人外周血白细胞滤过指数（ＬＥＩ）、白细胞粘附率（ＬＡＲ）、白细胞ＣＤ１８表达及血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子一１（ＳＩＣＡＭ－１）浓度的变化。结果肾小球肾炎患者ＬＦＩ,ＬＡＲｔ,白细胞ＣＤ１８表达和ｓＩＣＡＭ－１浓度均明显增高,与对照组比较差异有极显著性（Ｐ均＜０．００１）,且慢性肾小球肾炎患者各指标增高较急性肾小球肾炎患者更明显（Ｐ均＜０．００１）。结论白细胞流变性异常及ＣＤ１８表达、血清ｓＩＣＡＭ－１浓度增高与肾小球肾炎病情变化有密切关系。     

CD44表达对人肝移植急性排斥反应的诊断价值

目的:探讨移植肝组织中细胞黏附分子CD44的表达对人肝移植急性排斥反应的诊断价值。方法:收集42例肝移植患者移植后肝穿刺活组织检查标本及移植前供肝标本,根据肝移植术后是否发生急性排斥反应分为急性排斥组(30例)及非急性排斥组(12例),采用免疫组织化学(免疫组化)方法检测CD44在两组移植肝组织中的表达并分析其表达与肝移植急性排斥反应的关系。结果:急性排斥组及非急性排斥组移植前供肝的CD44表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);急性排斥组移植后肝穿刺组织门管区及肝窦区的CD44阳性细胞百分数均明显高于非急性排斥组移植后肝穿刺组织(P均<0.05),两者与排斥反应活动指数(RAI)评分呈正相关(r=0.412,P<0.05;r=0.458,P<0.05)。结论:CD44在肝移植术后肝穿刺组织中表达增强可能与肝移植急性排斥反应的发生及其严重程度密切相关,有望成为肝移植急性排斥反应重要的辅助诊断指标。     

T型分叉中精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸三肽涂层材料聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚谷氨酸共聚物对人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附稳定性的研究

目的：研究T型分叉血管对RGD肽对内皮细胞（endothelial cell,EC）在涂层材料聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚谷氨酸共聚物（PEG-PLA-PGL）表面黏附稳定性的影响。为该材料作为冠状动脉内支架涂层材料的临床应用提供实验依据。方法实验材料（PEG-PLA-PGL）分为两组：RGD组（表面共价接枝人工合成的RGD三肽）、对照组（共聚物组）,然后在两组材料表面种植体外培养的人脐静脉EC,并在固定常流条件下观察比较在T型管不同位置、不同流速下RGD肽对材料表面细胞黏附稳定性的影响。结果作用4 h后,在共聚物组及RGD组T型管分叉前（A）、分叉后（B）、分叉（C）三处位置上EC细胞残余率在最大流速（0.8 m/s）下分别为（14.98±1.45）%vs.（17.38±2.52）%、（10.06±2.12）%vs.（14.25±2.03）%、（11.08±2.18）%vs.（13.27±1.89）%。发现三组存在明显统计学差异（P＜0.05）。共聚物表面结合RGD后,细胞残余率明显增加。但是无论在对照组还是在RGD组,T型分叉前A位置EC细胞残余率都要比分叉及分叉处的细胞残余率高（P＜0.05）。结论 RGD可以提高EC在共聚物材料表面的黏附稳定性,但是T型分叉对EC的黏附稳定性有一定的影响。     

肠淋巴液引流改善失血性休克大鼠液体复苏后的红细胞代谢

目的 观察肠淋巴液引流对失血性休克大鼠液体复苏后红细胞代谢的作用.方法 18只雄性Wistar大鼠,按随机数字表法均分为假手术组、休克组、休克+引流组.复制失血性休克模型,维持低血压1.5 h后,行液体复苏(全血量+等量林格液)30 min,复苏结束后继续观察3h.休克+引流组维持低血压1h后引流肠淋巴液.在复苏后3h或相应时间点经腹主动脉取血,制备红细胞悬液,检测红细胞膜泵活性以及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、乳酸(LA)水平;制备红细胞内液,检测2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)、Na+、K+浓度;制备血浆,检测Na+、K+、Cl-、总Ca浓度.结果 与假手术组比较,休克组红细胞ATP(μmol/g)、Na+-K+-ATP酶(μmol·mg-1·h-1)、Ca2+-ATP酶(μmol·mg-1·h-1)、血浆总Ca( mmol/L)显著降低(ATP:6.698±0.938比10.670±1.466,Na+-K+-ATP酶:0.042±0.010比0.066±0.019,Ca2+-ATP酶:0.054±0.015比0.081±0.017,总Ca:2.27±0.18比2.66±0.21,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),红细胞LA(mmol/g)和血浆K+(mmol/L)、Cl-(mmol/L)均显著升高(LA:3.472±0.853比1.743±0.395,K+:5.83±0.34比5.23±0.37,Cl-:113.37±3.63比106.35±4.99,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),2,3-DPG(mmol/L)无显著差异(2.196±0.609比2.590±0.574,P＞0.05).与休克组比较,休克+引流组红细胞2,3-DPG(4.459±0.900)、ATP(8.859±1.189)、Na+-K+-ATP酶(0.089±0.022)、Ca2+-ATP酶(0.082±0.020)均显著升高,LA( 2.060±0.810)显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),其他指标组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 休克肠淋巴液引流可改善失血性休克大鼠液体复苏后红细胞的代谢状况,保护红细胞结构与功能.